Brief report: How short is too short? An ultra-brief measure of the big-five personality domains implicates “agreeableness” as a risk for all-cause mortality

Controversy exists over the use of brief Big Five scales in health studies. We investigated links between an ultra-brief measure, the Big Five Inventory-10, and mortality in the General Social Survey. The Agreeableness scale was associated with elevated mortality risk (hazard ratio = 1.26, p = .017). This effect was attributable to the reversed-scored item “Tends to find fault with others,” so that greater fault-finding predicted lower mortality risk. The Conscientiousness scale approached meta-analytic estimates, which were not precise enough for significance. Those seeking Big Five measurement in health studies should be aware that the Big Five Inventory-10 may yield unusual results.

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The Impact of 10-Year Physical Activity Changes on 7-Year Mortality in Older Mexican Americans

Journal of Physical Activity and Health ◽

10.1123/jpah.2016-0454 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

pp. 30-39 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Zakkoyya H. Lewis ◽

Kyriakos S. Markides ◽

Kenneth J. Ottenbacher ◽

Soham Al Snih

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Mortality Risk ◽

Mexican Americans ◽

Epidemiologic Study ◽

The Elderly ◽

Cox Proportional Hazards ◽

Lower Mortality ◽

All Cause Mortality ◽

The Impact ◽

Lower Mortality Risk

Background: We investigated the association between 10 years of change in physical activity (PA) levels and 7-year all-cause mortality. Methods: Mexican American adults aged 67 and older (N = 803) participating in the Hispanic Established Population for the Epidemiologic Study of the Elderly (1995/1996–2012/2013) were included. All-cause mortality was our outcome. Participants were divided into 4 groups based on their difference in overall PA between 1995/1996 and 2005/2006 measured by the Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly. Participants were classified as having unchanged low PA (n = 339), decreased activity (n = 233), unchanged high activity (n = 166), and increased activity (n = 65). Change in the frequency of PA domains was also investigated. PA domains included leisure, household, sedentary, and walking activities. Results:After controlling for all covariates, results from the Cox proportional hazards regression found a 43% lower mortality risk in the increased PA group (hazards ratio = 0.57; 95% confidence interval, 0.34–0.97) compared with the unchanged low PA group. In the entire sample, a significantly lower mortality risk was also present among walking (hazards ratio = 0.88) and household (hazards ratio = 0.88) activities. Conclusion:Our results suggest that, independent of other factors, increasing PA is most protective of mortality among older Mexican Americans.

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221Association of physical activity bout length and changing intensity with mortality in UK Biobank

International Journal of Epidemiology ◽

10.1093/ije/dyab168.443 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 50 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

Louise Millard ◽

Kate Tilling ◽

Tom Gaunt ◽

David Carslake ◽

Deborah Lawlor

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Mortality Risk ◽

Vigorous Physical Activity ◽

Lower Mortality ◽

Uk Biobank ◽

Bout Length ◽

All Cause Mortality ◽

Light Activity ◽

Activity Bout ◽

Lower Mortality Risk

Abstract Background Spending more time active (and less time sedentary) is associated with many health benefits but it is unclear whether these associations differ depending on whether time spent sedentary or in moderate-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) is accumulated in long or short bouts. We used a novel analytical approach to examine whether length of sedentary and MVPA bouts associates with all-cause mortality. Methods We used data on 79,507 participants from UK Biobank. We derived the total time participants spent in activity categories (sleep, sedentary, light activity and MVPA) and in sedentary and MVPA bouts of short (1-15 minutes), medium (16-40 minutes) and long (41+ minutes) duration, on average per day. We used Cox proportion hazards regression to estimate the association of spending 10 minutes more average daily time in one activity or bout length category, coupled with spending 10 minutes less time in another, with all-cause mortality. Results Those spending more time in MVPA had lower mortality risk, irrespective of whether this replaced time spent sleeping, sedentary or in light activity. We found little evidence to suggest that mortality risk differed depending on the length of sedentary or MVPA bouts. Conclusions We uniquely show that higher total MVPA improves health irrespective of whether it is obtained from several short bouts or fewer longer bouts, supporting recent policy changes in some countries. Key messages Our results suggest that time spent in MVPA associates with lower mortality risk irrespective of whether it is obtained from several short bouts or fewer longer bouts.

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The big five personality traits and mortality risk trajectories across the life course

PsycEXTRA Dataset ◽

10.1037/e578192014-664 ◽

2014 ◽

Author(s):

Nicholas A. Turiano

Keyword(s):

Life Course ◽

Personality Traits ◽

Big Five ◽

Mortality Risk ◽

Big Five Personality Traits ◽

Big Five Personality ◽

The Life Course

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High School Quality and 56-Year All-Cause Mortality Risk Across Race and Ethnicity

Innovation in Aging ◽

10.1093/geroni/igaa057.1632 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. 505-506

Author(s):

Dominika Seblova ◽

Kelly Peters ◽

Susan Lapham ◽

Laura Zahodne ◽

Tara Gruenewald ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High School ◽

Mortality Risk ◽

Race And Ethnicity ◽

Proportional Hazards ◽

School Quality ◽

Cox Proportional Hazards ◽

School Level ◽

Lower Mortality ◽

All Cause Mortality ◽

Race Ethnicity

Abstract Having more years of education is independently associated with lower mortality, but it is unclear whether other attributes of schooling matter. We examined the association of high school quality and all-cause mortality across race/ethnicity. In 1960, about 5% of US high schools participated in Project Talent (PT), which collected information about students and their schools. Over 21,000 PT respondents were followed for mortality into their eighth decade of life using the National Death Index. A school quality factor, capturing term length, class size, and teacher qualifications, was used as the main predictor. First, we estimated overall and sex-stratified Cox proportional hazards models with standard errors clustered at the school level, adjusting for age, sex, composite measure of parental socioeconomic status, and 1960 cognitive ability. Second, we added an interaction between school quality and race/ethnicity. Among this diverse cohort (60% non-Hispanic Whites, 23% non-Hispanic Blacks, 7% Hispanics, 10% classified as another race/s) there were 3,476 deaths (16.5%). School quality was highest for Hispanic respondents and lowest for non-Hispanic Blacks. Non-Hispanic Blacks also had the highest mortality risk. In the whole sample, school quality was not associated with mortality risk. However, higher school quality was associated with lower mortality among those classified as another race/s (HR 0.75, 95% CI: 0.56-0.99). For non-Hispanic Blacks and Whites, the HR point estimates were unreliable, but suggest that higher school quality is associated with increased mortality. Future work will disentangle these differences in association of school quality across race/ethnicity and examine cause-specific mortality.

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Obesity is associated with lower mortality risk in elderly diabetic subjects: the Casale Monferrato study

Acta Diabetologica ◽

10.1007/s00592-011-0338-1 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 50 (4) ◽

pp. 563-568 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Massimo Perotto ◽

Francesco Panero ◽

Gabriella Gruden ◽

Paolo Fornengo ◽

Bartolomeo Lorenzati ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mortality Risk ◽

Lower Mortality ◽

Lower Mortality Risk

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Frequency, predictors, and prognosis of ejection fraction improvement in heart failure: an echocardiogram-based registry study

European Heart Journal ◽

10.1093/eurheartj/ehz233 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 40 (26) ◽

pp. 2110-2117 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Anukul Ghimire ◽

Nowell Fine ◽

Justin A Ezekowitz ◽

Jonathan Howlett ◽

Erik Youngson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heart Failure ◽

Atrial Fibrillation ◽

Ejection Fraction ◽

Mortality Risk ◽

Left Ventricular ◽

Lower Mortality ◽

Ventricular Assist ◽

Reduced Ejection Fraction ◽

Multivariable Adjustment ◽

Lower Mortality Risk

Abstract Aims To identify variables predicting ejection fraction (EF) recovery and characterize prognosis of heart failure (HF) patients with EF recovery (HFrecEF). Methods and results Retrospective study of adults referred for ≥2 echocardiograms separated by ≥6 months between 2008 and 2016 at the two largest echocardiography centres in Alberta who also had physician-assigned diagnosis of HF. Of 10 641 patients, 3124 had heart failure reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) (EF ≤ 40%) at baseline: while mean EF declined from 30.2% on initial echocardiogram to 28.6% on the second echocardiogram in those patients with persistent HFrEF (defined by <10% improvement in EF), it improved from 26.1% to 46.4% in the 1174 patients (37.6%) with HFrecEF (defined by EF absolute improvement ≥10%). On multivariate analysis, female sex [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.66, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.40–1.96], younger age (aOR per decade 1.16, 95% CI 1.09–1.23), atrial fibrillation (aOR 2.00, 95% CI 1.68–2.38), cancer (aOR 1.52, 95% CI 1.03–2.26), hypertension (aOR 1.38, 95% CI 1.18–1.62), lower baseline ejection fraction (aOR per 1% decrease 1.07 (1.06–1.08), and using hydralazine (aOR 1.69, 95% CI 1.19–2.40) were associated with EF improvements ≥10%. HFrecEF patients demonstrated lower rates per 1000 patient years of mortality (106 vs. 164, adjusted hazard ratio, aHR 0.70 [0.62–0.79]), all-cause hospitalizations (300 vs. 428, aHR 0.87 [0.79–0.95]), all-cause emergency room (ER) visits (569 vs. 799, aHR 0.88 [0.81–0.95]), and cardiac transplantation or left ventricular assist device implantation (2 vs. 10, aHR 0.21 [0.10–0.45]) compared to patients with persistent HFrEF. Females with HFrEF exhibited lower mortality risk (aHR 0.94 [0.88–0.99]) than males after adjusting for age, time between echocardiograms, clinical comorbidities, medications, and whether their EF improved or not during follow-up. Conclusion HFrecEF patients tended to be younger, female, and were more likely to have hypertension, atrial fibrillation, or cancer. HFrecEF patients have a substantially better prognosis compared to those with persistent HFrEF, even after multivariable adjustment, and female patients exhibit lower mortality risk than men within each subgroup (HFrecEF and persistent HFrEF) even after multivariable adjustment.

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DOES INCREASED CAREGIVER LIFE SATISFACTION EXPLAIN SPOUSAL CAREGIVERS’ LOWER MORTALITY RISK?: EVIDENCE FROM THE HEALTH AND RETIREMENT STUDY

The Gerontologist ◽

10.1093/geront/gnv241.04 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 55 (Suppl_2) ◽

pp. 523-524

Keyword(s):

Life Satisfaction ◽

Mortality Risk ◽

Spousal Caregivers ◽

Lower Mortality ◽

Health And Retirement Study ◽

Retirement Study ◽

Lower Mortality Risk

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Healthy eating and lower mortality risk in a large cohort of cardiac patients who received state-of-the-art drug treatment

American Journal of Clinical Nutrition ◽

10.3945/ajcn.115.112276 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 102 (6) ◽

pp. 1527-1533 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Femke PC Sijtsma ◽

Sabita S Soedamah-Muthu ◽

Janette de Goede ◽

Linda M Oude Griep ◽

Johanna M Geleijnse ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drug Treatment ◽

Healthy Eating ◽

Mortality Risk ◽

State Of The Art ◽

Large Cohort ◽

Cardiac Patients ◽

Lower Mortality ◽

Lower Mortality Risk

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Clinical Decision Analysis as a Means of Technology Assessment: The Effectiveness of Intraoperative Cholangiography

International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care ◽

10.1017/s0266462300008035 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 185-197 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Thomas E. Scott ◽

Itzhak Jacoby

Keyword(s):

Decision Analysis ◽

Mortality Risk ◽

Technology Assessment ◽

Common Duct ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Clinical Decision ◽

Intraoperative Cholangiography ◽

Lower Mortality ◽

Effective Option ◽

Lower Mortality Risk

AbstractThree strategies for timely detection of common duct stones are examined by decision analysis: the use of intraoperative cholangiography (IOC) in ALL, NONE, or in SOME of the cases that are selected by the estimated probability of a common duct stone. Selective use of IOC is the most cost-effective option and offers a slightly lower mortality risk.

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