Class Incorporated: Stratified Patterns of Academic Engagement at a Highly Selective University

2021 ◽  
pp. 136078042110138
Author(s):  
Megan Thiele ◽  
Amy Leisenring
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Academic Engagement ◽  
Lower Class ◽  
Upper Class ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Elite University ◽  
Selective University ◽  
Academic Activities ◽  
Class Stratification ◽  
Achievement Beliefs

This research examines the influence of social class stratification on students’ self-reported academic engagement. Drawing from 44 interviews with students from the three major class groups at an elite university, we show how social class patterns academic engagement. We analyze academic engagement along the following four domains: strategies for academic achievement, beliefs in personal ability, connections to academics, and the alignments between academic activities and career plans (Wang and Castenada-Sound, 2008). Counterintuitively, compared to both upper class and students from the lower class, middle-class students reported the lowest levels of academic engagement. We discuss possible explanations for these non-linear findings. We conclude by recommending that our traditional conceptions of academic engagement need to take social class into account, and further, that policy makers consider scaffolding for all non-upper class students within elite spaces.

scholarly journals Partner Commitment in Close Relationships Mitigates Social Class Differences in Subjective Well-Being

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacinth Jia Xin Tan ◽  
Michael W. Kraus ◽  
Emily Impett ◽  
Dacher Keltner
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Close Relationships ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Lower Class ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Upper Class ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Class Differences ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
The Relationship

Close relationships can be a source of positive subjective well-being for lower-class individuals, but stresses of lower-class environments tend to negatively impact those relationships. The present research demonstrates that a partner’s commitment in close relationships buffers against the negative impact of lower-class environments on relationships, mitigating social class differences in subjective well-being. In two samples of close relationship dyads, we found that when partners reported low commitment to the relationship, relatively lower-class individuals experienced poorer well-being than their upper-class counterparts, assessed as life satisfaction among romantic couples (Study 1) and negative affect linked to depression among ethnically diverse close friendships (Study 2). Conversely, when partners reported high commitment to the relationship, deficits in the well-being of lower-class relative to upper-class individuals were attenuated. Implications of these findings for upending the class divide in subjective well-being are discussed.

Plural StratiWcation: Colour-Class and Culture

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin Clarke
Keyword(s):  
Middle Class ◽  
Lower Class ◽  
Living Conditions ◽  
Upper Class ◽  
Colour Class ◽  
Piped Water ◽  
Class Stratification ◽  
American Tradition ◽  
East Indians

Urbanization in Kingston since independence, as the previous chapter demonstrated, has placed a very heavy burden on the already disadvantaged lower class. This burden is expressed in their dependence on the informal sector of employment, high rates of unemployment, rental of high-density accommodation (or outright squatting), shared access to toilet facilities, and lack of piped-water connections in the tenements—all these problematic characteristics piling up in the downtown areas—quintessentially in West Kingston. There is clearly a stratification of living conditions ranging from affluence in the uptown suburbs via a modicum of comfort in the middle zone around Half Way Tree and Cross Roads to outright deprivation in the downtown neighbourhoods. It was argued in the previous chapter that this stratification of living conditions is underpinned by class-differentiated neighbourhoods; as this chapter will show, these circumstances mesh with—and reinforce—colour-class stratification and cultural pluralism, or what I have called plural stratification (to distinguish it from class stratification alone). After the Second World War, it became the conventional wisdom among Caribbean social scientists (of local birth) to depict Jamaica—and the Windward and Leeward Islands—as colour-class stratifications. This had the advantage of linking these Caribbean stratifications to occupational/class systems in the US and Europe, while pointing to a colonial history of colour differentiation, which shadowed class and reinforced it. So, the upper class was white or pass-as-white, the middle class brown and black, and the lower class black with some brown (Henriques 1953: 42). A number of racially or ethnically distinct groups originally fell outside this colour-class stratification, but had, over time, been accommodated within it: Jews were absorbed into the upper class, as were the Syrian professionals; Chinese, the remaining Syrians, and a few East Indians were middle class; the majority of East Indians were lower class. Two further aspects of colour-class need underlining. There was a tendency for its advocates to regard class as unproblematic and consensual, as in the American tradition of social analysis (Parsons 1952). In short, the whole colour-class system was dependent upon the almost complete acceptance by each group of the superiority of the white, and the inferiority of the black (Henriques 1953).

scholarly journals The social class of the Baptist: Dissident retainer or peasant millennialist?

2004 ◽  
Vol 60 (1/2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Johan Strijdom
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Social Ethics ◽  
Lower Class ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
The Other ◽  
Upper Class ◽  
The Social ◽  
Psalms Of Solomon ◽  
The One ◽  
Named Groups

In this article the Baptist is compared with the upper-class/literate millennialists behind the Psalms of Solomon, the Testament of Moses, the Similitudes of 1 Enoch, and the Qumran scrolls on the one hand, and with the lower-class/illiterate millennialist movements in Josephus on the other hand. The argument is developed in constant dialogue with the analyses of John Dominic Crossan. After an initial statement of historical facts about the Baptist, these are compared with the named groups in terms of each one’s (1) criticism of the social-political and religious status quo, (2) depiction of the imagined mediator through whom God was expected to intervene, (3) portrayal of the violent/non-violent intervention of God and the group respectively, and (4) social ethics. It is concluded that John shows closer resemblance to the literate than illiterate millennialists, and should therefore rather be considered as a dissident retainer.

scholarly journals COCKNEY AND RECEIVED PRONUNCIATION ACCENTS AS SIGNIFICANT SOCIAL CLASS DETERMINERS IN MY FAIR LADY MOVIE

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ni Nyoman Sarmi
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Lower Class ◽  
Upper Class ◽  
The Social ◽  
Received Pronunciation ◽  
Social Backgrounds

This research has main objectives to identify the Cockney and Received Pronunciation accents in My Fair Lady movie spoken by Eliza Doolittle and Professor Henry Higgins. Also, the objective is to find the correlation between the accents and the social backgrounds of both speakers. The result of this research shows that the accents indeed can indicate Eliza and Higgins’ social backgrounds. There are several characteristics that can distinct the Cockney and Received Pronunciation, such as H-dropping, Th- fronting, Diphthong shifting, and G- dropping. Eliza and Henry Higgins speak different accents because they come from different regions in London. Besides, from their accents, it is shown that Eliza  with her strong Cockney accent comes from lower class while Henry Higgins with his Received Pronunciation accent comes  from upper class. Furthermore, the correlation between accents and social backgrounds is also analyzed in this research. Key Words: Accent, Cockney, Received Pronunciation

scholarly journals Social Class Conflict Presented In “The Kite Runner” Novel Based On Marxism Theory

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 125
Author(s):  
Yohanes Eko Rubiyanto ◽  
Restu Arini
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Social Class ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Lower Class ◽  
Class Conflict ◽  
Upper Class ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Library Research ◽  
Large Groups ◽  
Descriptive Qualitative

The writer conducts the research related to class conflict which is presented in Khaled Hosseini’s “The Kite Runner” novel. This qualitative research is written to analyze the conflicts that happen in Afghan society which is mainly caused by difference of social class. The research is conducted by using library research. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative method as the data are described in the form of sentences. The steps of collecting the data in this research are reading both the novel and the supporting theories related, analyzing, organizing and displaying the data to allow conclusions to be drawn. The results show that the society in the twentieth is fundamentally separated by two large groups namely Pashtun and Hazara. They are inhabit Afghanistan as told in The Kite Runner. The Pashtuns act as the dominant upper class and the Hazaras fill the society of the lower class which fits the theory of Marxism.

scholarly journals EKSPRESI HONORIFIK DAN STATUS SOSIAL DALAM MASYARAKAT JAWA

tuahtalino ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Dwi Atmawati
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
Social Status ◽  
Lower Class ◽  
Upper Class ◽  
Class Society

Various titles and honorifics expressions in Javanese society has become particular interest for writer to analyze. The honorific expressions described in this paper include the title of nobility and greeting word in Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. The research uses equality method to review particular lingual unit using determiner tools beyond language. Based on the data and analysis it is known that titles of the nobles are rara, gusti raden ajeng, gusti raden ayu, kanjeng pangeran harya, gusti bendara raden mas, gusti bendara raden ajeng, gusti bendara raden ayu, bendara raden mas, bendara kanjeng pangeran, bendara raden ajeng, bendara raden ayu. Where greeting word based on social class, the writer classifies it into three, upper, middle, and lower class. The greeting word on upper class society are such as papi, mami, papa/papah, mama/mamah, daddy, mom, tante, om, oma, opa, eyang, jeng. The greeting word on middle class society are such as ayah, ibu, bapak, bunda, abi, ummi, paman, bibi, mas, mbak. The greeting word on lower class society are such as pak/bapak, mbok/embok/simbok, biyung, mbakyu, pakdhe, mbokdhe, paklik, bulik. The greeting word are decreasing in number are embok/mbok/simbok dan biyung. Defining the greeting word is tightly associated to social status of the speakers.

scholarly journals Self-induced class stratification in competitive societies of agents: Nash stability in the presence of envy

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 200411
Author(s):  
Claudius Gros
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulations ◽  
Utility Function ◽  
Mixed Strategy ◽  
Reference Model ◽  
Lower Class ◽  
Upper Class ◽  
Analytic Treatment ◽  
Class Stratification ◽  
Basic Reference ◽  
Pure Strategies

Envy, the inclination to compare rewards, can be expected to unfold when inequalities in terms of pay-off differences are generated in competitive societies. It is shown that increasing levels of envy lead inevitably to a self-induced separation into a lower and an upper class. Class stratification is Nash stable and strict, with members of the same class receiving identical rewards. Upper-class agents play exclusively pure strategies, all lower-class agents the same mixed strategy. The fraction of upper-class agents decreases progressively with larger levels of envy, until a single upper-class agent is left. Numerical simulations and a complete analytic treatment of a basic reference model, the shopping trouble model, are presented. The properties of the class-stratified society are universal and only indirectly controllable through the underlying utility function, which implies that class-stratified societies are intrinsically resistant to political control. Implications for human societies are discussed. It is pointed out that the repercussions of envy are amplified when societies become increasingly competitive.

scholarly journals International Migration, Livelihood Strategy, and Poverty Cycle

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 113
Author(s):  
Martua Sihaloho ◽  
Ekawati Sri Wahyuni ◽  
Rilus A. Kinseng ◽  
Sediono M.P. Tjondronegoro
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
Social Mobility ◽  
Lower Class ◽  
Social Classes ◽  
Upper Class ◽  
Livelihood Strategy ◽  
Poor Households ◽  
Lower Social Class ◽  
Social Climbing

Poverty drove Indonesian poor households (e.g. their family members) to find other livelihoods. One popular choice is becoming an international migrant. This paper describes and analyzes the change in agrarian structure which causes dynamics in agrarian poverty. The study uses qualitative approach and constructivism paradigm. Research results showed that even if migration was dominated by farmer households from lower social class; it also served as livelihood strategy for middle and upper social classes. Improved economics brought dynamics on social reality. The dynamic accesses to agrarian resources consist of (1) horizontal social mobility (means that they stay in their previous social class); (2) vertical social mobility in the form of social climbing; low to middle class, low to upper class, and middle class to upper class; and, (3) vertical social mobility in the form of social sinking: upper class to middle class, upper class to lower class, and middle class to lower class. The dynamic in social classes indicates the presence of agrarian poverty cycle, they are social climbing and sinking.

Effects of Sex, Race, and Class on Self, Ideal-Self, and Parental Ratings in Southern Adolescents

1968 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert L. Mc Donald
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Lower Class ◽  
The Self ◽  
Upper Class ◽  
Check List ◽  
Ideal Self ◽  
Race And Class ◽  
Segregated Schools ◽  
Parental Ratings ◽  
Interpersonal Warmth

This study replicated an earlier one in evaluating the effects of sex, race, and social class on the self- and ideal-self ratings of adolescent Ss. The effects of these three factors on Ss' parental ratings and self-parental congruency were also assessed. Interpersonal Check List data were obtained from 218 Negro and 310 white high school seniors from rural segregated schools whose social class was determined from parental occupations as reported by the students. The results largely replicated the earlier findings on self- and ideal-self-ratings for the sex and race variables. In addition, lower class students obtained higher self- and ideal-self-love scores than upper-class students. The major findings involving the parental ratings and self-parental congruency pertained to the females who described (1) their fathers as possessing more interpersonal warmth than their mothers and (2) greater self-father than self-mother congruency.

scholarly journals THE POSITIONING MATTERS OF THE DOLL’S HOUSE IN POSTCOLONIALISM

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dwi Mega Fitriana
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Social Class ◽  
Short Story ◽  
Postcolonial Theory ◽  
Lower Class ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Other ◽  
Upper Class ◽  
Social Discrimination ◽  
Social Oppression

<p>The purpose of this research is to analyze the self-positioning and social class phenomenon of <em>The Doll’s House</em>. It tells about social oppression create by upper to dominate lower class. Upper class takes part as dominant while lower class takes part as minority in society. This research uses qualitative research. The researcher needs postcolonial theory to identify the self-positioning between upper and lower class in the short story. The analysis reveals that upper class treats lower class to be the other, subaltern and create social discrimination. The conclusion is the upper class founds powerful, otherwise the lower class is found surviving not fighting from injustice.</p>

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