scholarly journals Partner Commitment in Close Relationships Mitigates Social Class Differences in Subjective Well-Being

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacinth Jia Xin Tan ◽  
Michael W. Kraus ◽  
Emily Impett ◽  
Dacher Keltner
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Close Relationships ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Lower Class ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Upper Class ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Class Differences ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
The Relationship

Close relationships can be a source of positive subjective well-being for lower-class individuals, but stresses of lower-class environments tend to negatively impact those relationships. The present research demonstrates that a partner’s commitment in close relationships buffers against the negative impact of lower-class environments on relationships, mitigating social class differences in subjective well-being. In two samples of close relationship dyads, we found that when partners reported low commitment to the relationship, relatively lower-class individuals experienced poorer well-being than their upper-class counterparts, assessed as life satisfaction among romantic couples (Study 1) and negative affect linked to depression among ethnically diverse close friendships (Study 2). Conversely, when partners reported high commitment to the relationship, deficits in the well-being of lower-class relative to upper-class individuals were attenuated. Implications of these findings for upending the class divide in subjective well-being are discussed.

scholarly journals Partner Commitment in Close Relationships Mitigates Social Class Differences in Subjective Well-Being

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacinth J. X. Tan ◽  
Michael W. Kraus ◽  
Emily A. Impett ◽  
Dacher Keltner
Keyword(s):  
Close Relationships ◽  
Lower Class ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Upper Class ◽  
Exploratory Research ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Romantic Couples ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
The Relationship

The present exploratory research examined the possibility that commitment in close relationships among lower class individuals, despite greater strains on those relationships, buffers them from poorer subjective well-being (SWB). In two samples of close relationship dyads, we found that when partners reported high commitment to the relationship, the typical deficits in relatively lower class individuals’ well-being compared to their upper-class counterparts, assessed as life satisfaction among romantic couples (Study 1) and negative affect linked to depression among ethnically diverse close friendships (Study 2), were mitigated. Conversely, when partners reported low commitment to the relationship, relatively lower class individuals reported poorer well-being than their upper-class counterparts. These patterns were not found with actors’ commitment. Implications of these findings for upending the class divide in SWB are discussed.

In a Class on Their Own: Investigating the Role of Social Integration in the Association Between Social Class and Mental Well-Being

2021 ◽  
pp. 014616722110211
Author(s):  
Olivia Evans ◽  
Mark Rubin
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Social Integration ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Lower Class ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Class Differences ◽  
Mental Well Being ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Financial Issues

It has been established that people from lower social classes tend to have poorer mental well-being compared with people from higher classes. Research also suggests that people from the lower classes are also less socially integrated. This research investigated the role of social integration in the relationship between social class and mental well-being across three studies (Study 1 N = 15,028; Study 2 N = 1,946; Study 3 N = 461). Across all studies, social class had an indirect effect on mental well-being via social integration. Moderation results found that social integration buffers the negative impact of financial issues on mental well-being, social support buffers the effects of class on mental ill-health, and family support amplifies rather than reduces social class differences in mental well-being. We propose that although improving social integration has the potential to improve the mental well-being of lower class populations, some caveats need to be considered.

scholarly journals The relationship between life-domain interactions and the well-being of internationally mobile employees

2017 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felix Ballesteros-Leiva ◽  
Gwénaëlle Poilpot-Rocaboy ◽  
Sylvie St-Onge
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Life Domain ◽  
Work Life ◽  
Personal Life ◽  
Professional Lives ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Domain Interactions ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the relations between the life-domain interactions (i.e. interactions between the personal and professional lives) of internationally mobile employees (IMEs) and their well-being and to examine whether these links are different for assigned expatriates (AEs) and self-initiated expatriates (SIEs). Design/methodology/approach Questionnaire data were collected from 284 IMEs including 182 SIEs, and 102 AEs. Two measures of IMEs’ well-being were used: subjective, namely satisfaction with life, and psychological well-being (PWB), which refers to self-acceptance, personal growth, and reaching for life goals. Life-domain interactions were measured from a conflict and an enrichment perspective, each in two directions: Work Life → Personal Life (WL → PL) and Personal Life → Work Life (PL → WL). Findings Regression analyses confirm that IMEs’ life-domain conflicts (WL → PL and PL → WL) have an adverse impact on their subjective and PWB, IMEs’ life-domain enrichments account for their subjective well-being over and above what is explained by their life-domain conflicts, the relationship between WL → PL conflicts and subjective well-being is more negative among SIEs than among AEs. Practical implications This study underscores the need for both employers and IMEs to take action not only to reduce conflicts but also to promote enrichments between their personal and their professional lives. It is of particular importance to reduce the WL → PL conflict of SIEs, often left to fend for themselves, because it has a significant negative impact on their subjective well-being. Originality/value This study innovates in using conservation of resources theory and recent theoretical work linking this theory with the interplay between personal and professional lives to understanding SIEs’ and AEs’ well-being.

scholarly journals Can Labor Make Women Happier?The Relationship Between Labor Time, Cross-generational Care and Women’s Subjective Well-being——A Research Based on CFPS (2016)

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Guangyan Li
Keyword(s):  
Gender Equality ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Female Employment ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Labor Time ◽  
Family Culture ◽  
The Relationship

Marxism women-theory advocates women to achieve gender equality and liberation through employment. But due to the influence of culture，if the promotion of female employment, women may face the dual pressure of housework and work, that is, the promotion of female employment may deviate from the ruling effect of people’s happiness. This study aims to explore the relationship between labor time, cross-generational care and women’s subjective well-being by using the data of CFPS (2016). Findings are as follow. Firstly, the time spent on housework differs between men and women, and the burden of housework still falls on women. Secondly, women’s employment reduces women’s subjective well-being to a certain extent, but this effect turns into a positive one under the moderating effect of cross-generational care. China’s family culture weakens the negative impact of the increase in working hours of women to a certain extent.

scholarly journals The relationship between proactive coping with difficult life situations and the level of mindfulness: A cross-cultural analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-62
Author(s):  
Elena Belinskaya ◽  
◽  
Malika Djuraeva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Cultural Analysis ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Proactive Coping ◽  
Main Stage ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
The Relationship

The modern understanding of the processes of coping with difficult life situations, emphasizing the provision of subjective well-being as their function, raises the question of what factors ensure the final effectiveness of coping strategies. The inconsistency of the available empirical data on the relationship between personal and situational predictors as well as effective coping allows us to assume the presence of mediating variables. Their search can be centered both on the inclusion of parameters of a higher socio-cognitive level in the analysis, and on the procedural characteristics of coping, one of which is proactivity in coping. The mindfulness construct seems to meet both of these requirements. The article presents the results of the preliminary and main stages of an empirical study of the relationship between mindfulness and proactive coping strategies. During the preliminary stage, the questionnaire “scale of awareness” was adapted to correspond to the “Western” model of awareness. During the main stage, the results of the relationship of mindfulness indicators according to the “Eastern” and “Western” models with proactivity strategies in two samples (Moscow — Tashkent) were obtained, which allowed us to identify certain cultural differences. The results indicate that there are partial correlations between the indicators of the two mindfulness questionnaires, which is consistent with existing theoretical concepts and allows us to consider the two models of mindfulness as stages of a single process. It is shown that in both samples, indicators of “Western” awareness are associated with the attitude to potential difficulties as a source of positive experience and with reflection in the event of the occurrence of possible variants of behavior, cognitive assessment of one’s own resources and prediction of results, as well as with a proactivity strategy such as the search for instrumental support. Cross-cultural differences were noted on a scale corresponding to “Eastern” awareness: in the sample of Tashkent, it was associated with a strategy of proactive coping, and in the sample of Moscow — with reflexive coping. The obtained relationship between the two types of mindfulness and proactive coping strategies allows us to conclude that mindfulness has the potential of meta-cognitive function in the structure of human activity, especially in the situation of evaluating possible life difficulties.

Impact of college students' academic procrastination on subjective well-being

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (7) ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Xiaodong Bu ◽  
Lin Wu ◽  
Hongchun Wang
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Self ◽  
Academic Procrastination ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Moderating Role ◽  
Predictive Effect

We used mindfulness as a mediating variable and self-efficacy as a moderator to examine the relationship between academic procrastination and subjective well-being. Participants comprised 512 college students from Hangzhou, Xiamen, and Huizhou in China. Results show that academic procrastination had a negative impact on subjective well-being, and that mindfulness was a mediator in this relationship. In addition, self-efficacy played a moderating role in the academic procrastination–mindfulness relationship, and, to a certain extent, regulated the relationship between academic procrastination and subjective well-being. Thus, the stronger the self-efficacy of college students, the weaker was the negative predictive effect of academic procrastination on mindfulness. The significance of mindfulness and self-efficacy regarding subjective well-being among procrastinators is discussed.

scholarly journals Subjective Emotional Well-Being, Emotional Intelligence, and Mood of Gifted vs. Unidentified Students: A Relationship Model

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (18) ◽  
pp. 3266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana María Casino-García ◽  
Josefa García-Pérez ◽  
Lucía Inmaculada Llinares-Insa
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Intelligence ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Negative Mood ◽  
Gifted Students ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
The Relationship

Subjective well-being (SWB) is a basic component of the health of children and adolescents. Studies of SWB in gifted students are scarce and show contradictory results. Some researchers consider these groups to be vulnerable, and according to some reports they are more often involved in situations of harassment as victims and/or harassers. Emotional intelligence (EI) is related to SWB and can be a protective factor in these situations. However, the underlying mechanism remains relatively unexplored, especially in the affective dimension of SWB. The present study develops and tests a model for the mediating role of mood in the relationship between EI and SWB. The participants were 273 Spanish students aged 8 to 18 years, distributed into two samples: sample 1, gifted students, and sample 2, unidentified students. The results showed that (1) gifted students exhibited lower scores in EI (specifically, in clarity) and SWB (specifically, in positive experiences) and higher scores on the sadness dimension of mood states and that (2) EI was positively related to SWB, and mood was a significant mediator in the relationship between EI and SWB. The mediating role of the positive mood is given in both groups; however, the negative mood only mediates this relationship in gifted students. The results are discussed, theoretical and practical contributions to the literature are proposed, and implications for parents and teachers are suggested.

The Cost of Being Too Patient

2020 ◽  
Vol 110 ◽  
pp. 314-318
Author(s):  
Paola Giuliano ◽  
Paola Sapienza
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Optimal Level ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Optimal Amount ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Relationship

We study the cost of being too patient on happiness. We find that the relationship between patience and various measures of subjective well-being is hump-shaped: there exists an optimal amount of patience that maximizes happiness. Beyond this optimal level, higher levels of patience have a negative impact on well-being.

Employment precarization as a factor of wages differentiation and social wellbeing

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-96
Author(s):  
A. V. Kuchenkova
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Employment Conditions ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Part Time ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Relationship

Employment conditions (form of labor relations, social security, (un)stability of wages, informal payments, etc.) are a key factor of the social-economic differentiation in the contemporary Russian society, which determines the need to clarify the relationship between the workers position in the labor market and ones earnings. There are many empirical assessments of wage losses for various types of non-standard employment (informal, temporary, part-time, casual, etc.); however, each type is just one manifestation of precarization (as non-guaranteed and unstable employment), which does not present this phenomenon in general. The author considers the relationship between precarization and wages. Based on the data of the all-Russian survey of the working population (2018), the author argues that not all but some features of precarization (lack of indefinite term employment agreement, sick leave and vacation pay) are associated with a lower salary; only a high level of precarization (three or more its features together) significantly reduces wages. Despite the fact that this relationship is partly mediated by the level of education of the employee, precarization still has an independent negative impact on wages. Groups of workers with a high and low level of precarization are heterogeneous in wages which can compensate for the disadvantages of the unstable and non-guaranteed employment situation. Thus, workers can be divided into four groups according to their employment precarization and salaries, which determine their social well-being. The unstable group with wages below average shows the lowest level of subjective well-being and social optimism both in life in general and in assessing the labor sphere. The unstable group with wages above the average declares a lower level of social well-being than the stable group with wages below the average, i.e., higher wages do not compensate for the negative consequences of precarious employment which worsens social well-being even provided wages above the average.

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