scholarly journals Perspective-taking is two-sided: Misunderstandings between people with Asperger’s syndrome and their family members

Autism ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 740-750 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brett Heasman ◽  
Alex Gillespie
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Perspective Taking ◽  
Asperger's Syndrome ◽  
Asperger’S Syndrome ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Social Understanding ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Two Sides

Misunderstandings are social in nature, always having two sides. Yet the misunderstandings experienced by people with Asperger’s syndrome are usually studied in terms of the individual with a diagnosis, with less emphasis on social relations. We use a two-sided methodology to map out misunderstandings within 22 dyads (n = 44) consisting of people with Asperger’s syndrome and their family members. Both sides of the relationship were asked about 12 topics in terms of one’s rating of Self, one’s rating of Other and one’s predicted rating by Other. The findings show that people with Asperger’s are able to predict lower scores from family members, despite disagreeing with their view, and that family members often over-estimate the extent to which their relatives with Asperger’s syndrome are egocentrically anchored in their own perspective. The research demonstrates that a two-sided methodology is viable, and it uses it to identify how representations of Asperger’s syndrome can both support and hinder social understanding within relationships affected by Asperger’s.

scholarly journals Social Technologies and Principles of Criminal Justice in the Context of its Digitalization

Lex Russica ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 84-92
Author(s):  
V. I. Przhilenskiy
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Social Engineering ◽  
Criminal Proceedings ◽  
Social Technologies ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Methodological Guidelines ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Gradual Transformation

The paper analyzes the problems that arise in the process of digitalization of criminal proceedings, when its organizers are forced to organize the interaction of social and computer technologies, the joint development and application of which become inevitable in modern conditions. The basic concepts of social technologies theory that were originally developed as a means of organizing human activities, with criminal justice system being only one of them, are interpreted in a new way. The main contexts of application of "social technology" concept, as well as the significance of social technologies in the formulation of principles and achieving the goals of criminal proceedings are studied. The author defines a special type of social technologies, humanitarian technologies in the paper, and analyzes the relevance of this type of technology in the system of principles of criminal procedure. The author substantiates the need to distinguish between the theoretical and technological aspects of compliance with the principles of criminal justice, which allows us to reconstruct the entire system of goal-setting impact on people’s actions and social relations through the development and application of social technologies. The concept of gradual transformation of society through the use of social engineering, put forward by K. Popper, is analyzed in detail. The role of the theoretical distinction between methodological essentialism and methodological nominalism (antirealism) is reconstructed. The ideological and political contextualization of the theory of social technologies, which dominates in modern social science, is subjected to critical analysis. The author examines the ontological assumptions and methodological guidelines proposed by K. Popper for the approval of his socio-technological doctrine. The author identifies and describes the specifics of the use of social technologies in the context of the use of artificial intelligence systems in criminal proceedings. The point about the need to search for the relationship and mutual consistency of the systems of the individual and society in the process of digitalization of criminal proceedings both at the level of principles and at the level of technology is substantiated.

METHODOLOGICAL PARADIGM OF MODERN LEGAL SCIENCE IN UKRAINE

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 12-20
Author(s):  
Vladimir Yashchenko ◽  
◽  
Olha Balynska ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
General Theory ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Positive Law ◽  
Legal Science ◽  
The Will ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Interacting Components

The leading idea of the article is the application of the most appropriate methodology for disclosing the essence and content of law, its origin, evolution, contradictions and their coordination in the context of the relationship between natural and positive law, social and individual paradigms, in particular, in the context of nationalizing the individual, and, on the contrary, individualizing the collective in a wide humanistic plane. This aspect synthesizes approaches to the disclosure of individual and collective through the categories of �self�, where dialectical, phenomenological, existential and other approaches are qualified as communicative and dialogic paradigm, which today finds its practical embodiment in lawmaking and law enforcement. Feeling the controversy of these views, the authors emphasize the deepening of the humanistic content of the legal regulator of social relations. Domestic modern legal science in its development should focus on deepening the humanistic content of the normative regulation of social relations. This actualizes the need to solve such scientific problems as the methodology of research and functioning of law, achieving a harmonious relationship between individual and collective in law, the connection of its natural and positive aspects, etc. A fundamentally new definition of the essence of law is proposed, not as the will of a certain class or majority, but as the will to self-existence, which is expressed in the phenomenon of self as a harmonious synthesis of individual and social. In this context, to investigate the legal phenomena dialectics can be effectively used not as a materialistic or idealistic methodology, but as the most general theory and way of ascending to the truth. After all, opposites in law are not necessarily antipodes, but can act as interacting components of legal reality

Bereavement

2019 ◽  
pp. 390-404
Author(s):  
Inge B. Corless ◽  
Janice Bell Meisenhelder
Keyword(s):  
Family Members ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Loved One ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Middle Aged Adult ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Levels Of Support

“Bereaved” is the term used for those who have experienced the death of a loved one. Deaths of family members and close friends require various degrees of adjustment depending on the relationship, the ages of the deceased and the bereaved, and the circumstances of the death. In some cases, the death of a loved one will occur when the bereaved is at a younger age, and, in other situations, the death may occur when the individual is a middle-aged adult. Death has consequences for those who survive. Some of these ramifications are emotional and psychosocial and others financial. The variety of circumstances and the levels of support make each situation somewhat individual although there are commonalities. This chapter explores some of those commonalities and the supports that can help the bereaved accommodate to the loss.

The Greeks and Their Rituals

2020 ◽  
pp. 67-89
Author(s):  
Barbara Kowalzig
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Greek Life ◽  
Ancient Greek ◽  
Greek City ◽  
The Past ◽  
Sacrificial Ritual ◽  
The Individual ◽  
City State ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

For the ancient Greeks, ritual was communication with the gods, aimed at achieving a communality between gods and humans, principally in the service of a community’s welfare, cohesion, and stability, and at the very least, configuring social relations between individuals. This chapter provides a brief methodological survey of how society, predominantly the ancient Greek city-state (polis), has been the main reference for the study of Greek ritual. Rituals derived their authority from tradition but were flexible actions in constant dialogue with the past, endowed with agency in all areas of Greek life: society, politics, economics, culture, and religion itself. After explaining the relationship of myth to ritual, the chapter examines how the Greeks developed strategies working up towards a ritual moment of temporary intimacy with the divine in sacrificial ritual, choral performance, festivals, processions, and dedications. The essay concludes with a section on how the individual relates to the community through ritual.

scholarly journals “What About Us?” Exploring What It Means to Be a Management Educator With Asperger’s Syndrome

2017 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Wright ◽  
Gundars Kaupins
Keyword(s):  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Asperger's Syndrome ◽  
Asperger’S Syndrome ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Institutional Issues ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The University ◽  
Available Information ◽  
Management Educator

Very little is known on the subject of educators with Asperger’s syndrome (AS), and the available information pales in comparison to the enormous literature studying students with AS. While there are many resources for engaging students with AS, and increasing awareness of how AS affects student learning, discussions about the implications for teaching and learning from the instructor’s perspective are much harder to find. In this article, Professor Gundy Kaupins shares his thoughts and experiences related to the issues educators with AS face and offers an alternative lens to see the advantages that having AS can bring to the management education classroom. Professor Kaupins also offers ideas for behavioral solutions and considerations for future research. We finish with a commentary on the individual and institutional issues pertaining to disclosure of “differences” and invisible disability in the university classroom.

scholarly journals Quality of Life on Chronic Renal Patients Who Running Hemodialysis: A Descriptive Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
Imelda Rahmayunia Kartika ◽  
Lisavina Juwita
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
World Health ◽  
World Health Organization Quality ◽  
Environment Quality ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Introduction: Patients with Chronic Renal Failure (CRF) cannot survive if they do not do hemodialysis. Therefore, it is necessary to explore the experience, the hope of patients with CRF who undergo hemodialysis in order to continue hemodialysis routinely and can improve the quality of their lives even though their lives depend on hemodialysis. The purpose of this study was to determine the quality of life of patients with CRF in undergoing hemodialysis as an effort to improve the quality of life. Methods: This study was a quantitave study using analytic descriptive approach. There were 66 patients as sample. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistic using World Health Organization Quality of Life Instruments (WHOQoL-Bref) as a quality of life questionnare. Results: This study shows the highest quality of life of research respondents undergoing hemodialysis in the high category (68.2%). This means the quality of life of patients undergoing hemodialysis is good enough. Conclusions: A good quality of life means that the respondent feels satisfied and most of his daily needs can be met, which includes physical, psychological, patient social relations, and the patient's environment. Quality of life is influenced by the physical condition of the individual psychologically, the level of independence, and the relationship of the individual with the environment. Nurses are expected to be able to motivate patients undergoing hemodialysis in improving their quality of life. 

Alexithymia, Asperger's syndrome and criminal behaviour: a review

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katy-Louise Payne ◽  
Clive Hollin
Keyword(s):  
Asperger's Syndrome ◽  
Asperger’S Syndrome ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Criminal Behaviour ◽  
Sexual Offences ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to review the empirical literature informing the nature of the relationship between criminal behaviour and both Alexithymia and Asperger's syndrome (AS). Design/methodology/approach – The relevant literature was identified through database searches and via citations in primary sources. Findings – Alexithymia and AS are relatively similar constructs with some overlap in their defining characteristics including utilitarian thinking and deficiencies in empathy. Alexithymia is significantly more prevalent in offender populations than controls and, in particular, has a complex relationship with psychopathy. The research concerning AS has mainly focused on offense type and reasons for offending. In terms of offences, homicide rates were in keeping with general base rates, however, sexual offences were under-represented and arson was over-represented. Practical implications – In terms of reasons for offending, criminal behaviour is best described as a consequence of the classical characteristics of AS. It is suggested that despite their similarities the relationship of the two disorders with criminal behaviour may well be different. This suggestion has implications for the design of services intended to reduce the risk of offending in these two groups. Originality/value – The review draws together a diverse range of literature around a rather neglected topic in criminological psychology. It will be of value to researchers in suggesting where new knowledge is needed, particularly with regard to disentangling the risk factors for offending for the two conditions, and to practitioners within the criminal justice system in pointing towards areas for intervention to reduce risk.

The relationship between Asperger’s syndrome and schizophrenia in adolescence

2012 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 217-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petra Waris ◽  
Nina Lindberg ◽  
Kirsi Kettunen ◽  
Pekka Tani
Keyword(s):  
Asperger's Syndrome ◽  
Asperger’S Syndrome ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals STUDENTS ́ EMPATHY AND CLASSROOM CLIMATE AS PREDICTORS OF ATTITUDES TOWARDS IMMIGRANTS - A case study in three EU countries

2020 ◽  
pp. 316-327
Author(s):  
Manja Veldin ◽  
◽  
Ana Kozina ◽  
Mirta Mornar ◽  
Helene Dahlström ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Perspective Taking ◽  
Classroom Climate ◽  
Intercultural Sensitivity ◽  
Inclusive Classroom ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
8Th Grade ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship

The development of positive attitudes towards immigrants among students can be addressed at the individual level through their empathic abilities and at the school or classroom level, where the classroom climate plays an important role.In the present study, we have taken a closer look into the relationship between attitudes towards immigrants, two components of empathy (perspective taking, empathic concern), quality of student-teacher relations (both positiveand negative) and inclusive classroom climate(presented as perceived intercultural sensitivity of teachers) in a sample of 814 8th-grade students in three EU countries (Slovenia, Croatia, and Sweden). The findings showonlyempathy (especially perspective taking) was associated with better attitudes towards immigrantsin all three countries. Additionally, in two out of three countries, the importance of the relationship with teachers and inclusiveclassroomclimate was important as well. The results are discussed in the light of guidelines for school practice.

scholarly journals ALIENATION FROM ITSELF AS A BREAK OF TIES WITH THE WORLD

2020 ◽  
pp. 33-38
Author(s):  
Yulia Brodetska
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Meaning In Life ◽  
Internal Resources ◽  
The Social ◽  
Material Goods ◽  
The Individual ◽  
External Forces ◽  
Spiritual Potential ◽  
The Relationship

The study analysis focuses on one of the main existential problems of the individual and social life development, namely the problem of alienation. As a phenomenon that describes the ontological situation of violation or rupture of the individual's ties with the common being, alienation is a condition of non-acquisition or loss of meaning in life. Reproduced genetically in the Judeo-Christian tradition, the alienation phenomenon characterizes the situation of connection loss of the individual with his spiritual potential. That is, we are talking about the non-disclosure of the inner potential of human. Therefore, it is noted that as a result, a person refuses to take responsibility for his life. In this situation, internal resources are directed not to the development of the soul potential, but to the achievement of material goods. The latter are presented by the modern socio-political system as markers of "success". Thus, a person betrays himself. It, therefore, subordinates its life to the power of external forces, alien, inherent in its nature. This leads to a gap between essence and existence, the formation of dissatisfaction feelings, helplessness, inadequacy. The author focuses on the fact that integrity, co-existence, co-involvement, demand for personality are born in the relationship. Therefore, any violation, deformation or simulation of these spiritual connections causes problems of both individual and social development. The modern relations space, in which "distant connections" predominate, only states the actualization of the individual alienation problem, which is transmitted from the individual space to all types of social relations. The solution to the problem, according to the author, lies in the space of existential issues, overcoming tendencies to self-alienation of the individual. It is this perspective of the study of the social and individual problems development and requires the development of a methodology for studying the issue.

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