Repair of historic stone pagoda: Flexural behavior of granite reinforced with stainless steel bars

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (11) ◽  
pp. 2431-2441
Author(s):  
Woo-Young Lim
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Epoxy Resin ◽  
Flexural Behavior ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Reinforcing Bars ◽  
Architectural Heritage ◽  
Steel Bars ◽  
Load Displacement ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Stone Pagoda

In the stone-made architectural heritage, one of the most widely used stones is granite. Given its superior material properties and abundant reserves, most Korean stone pagodas were built using granite. For the repair and restoration of the ancient stone pagoda made of granite, understanding of the structural behavior of reinforced granite is crucial. In this study, flexure tests for seven simply supported full-scale granite reinforced with stainless steel bars were conducted to investigate the failure mode and load–displacement relationship. Through the experiments, the feasibility of the suggested method for reinforcement of the damaged granite was also explored. Test specimens were manufactured after injecting epoxy resin by inserting stainless steel bars into the drilled holes, and then each granite substrate was bonded with adhesive epoxy resin. The test results showed that the load–displacement relationship of reinforced granite was highly dependent on the presence of the reinforcement, positioning of the reinforcing bars, and bond capacity of the reinforcing bars. Also, reinforcing bars significantly affected the deformation of the reinforced granite. Based on the test results, four distinct flexural responses of reinforced granite are presented.

Flexural Behavior of Void Reinforced Concrete Slab with CFRP Reinforcing Bars

2012 ◽  
Vol 184-185 ◽  
pp. 988-991
Author(s):  
Seung Hun Kim
Keyword(s):  
Concrete Slab ◽  
Flexural Behavior ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Compression Zone ◽  
Reinforcing Bars ◽  
Flexural Capacity ◽  
Reinforced Concrete Slab ◽  
Bending Tests ◽  
Bending Performance ◽  
Flexural Members

Use of hollow material in slab can reduce self-weight and deflection than solid slab with CFRP reinforcement. This study was intended to evaluate the bending performance of void flexural members with CFRP reinforcements by bending tests. Test results showed that specimens with void and solid section had the similar failure mode by concrete crushing at the compression zone, and that there was a big flexural capacity difference between the two section. Flexural capacity of solid section with CFRP bars was increased by 55% for void section. Thus, for the design of flexural members with CFRP bars by concrete crushing failure, it is important to calculate the exact distribution of strains and stresses, and to consider the reduction of flexural strength of void section.

scholarly journals Experimental Behavior of Concrete-Filled Steel Tubular Members Subjected to Lateral Loads

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chengzhi Wang ◽  
Xin Liu ◽  
Pengfei Li
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Bending Moment ◽  
Steel Tube ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Lateral Loads ◽  
Reinforcing Bars ◽  
Concrete Pile ◽  
Steel Bars ◽  
Concrete Model

The findings of an experimental study that was undertaken to investigate the performance of concrete-filled steel tubular members subjected to lateral loads are reported in this study. Columns of pure concrete, concrete with reinforcing bars, and two steel tube thicknesses were considered. Two different tests were conducted in this study. One test is used to research the performance of steel tube-reinforced concrete model piles under a lateral loading. The other test is used to research the effect of the depth of rock embedment for piles embedded in a foundation to simulate actual engineering applications in an experimental study. According to these test results, a detailed analysis was carried out on the relationships, such as the stress-strain and load-displacement relationships for the specimen. These tests show that the steel tube thickness and steel bars will significantly enhance the lateral bearing capacity and rigidity of the composite components. Additionally, the ultimate bending moment formula of a steel tube-reinforced concrete pile is deduced. The comparison of the calculated results with the experimental results shows that this formula is applicable for this type of pile foundation.

Experimental Study on Flexural Behavior of Reinforced Concrete Beams with Variety Lap Splices of Reinforcing Steel Bars

2016 ◽  
Vol 845 ◽  
pp. 132-139
Author(s):  
Mochamad Teguh ◽  
Novia Mahlisani
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Concrete Beams ◽  
Reinforced Concrete Beams ◽  
Flexural Behavior ◽  
Reinforced Concrete Structures ◽  
Reinforcing Steel ◽  
Reinforcing Bars ◽  
Lap Splices ◽  
Steel Bars

The limited lengths of reinforcing bars have been commonly found in the practical construction of most reinforced concrete structures. The required length of a bar may be longer than the available stock of steel length. For maintaining desired continuity of the reinforcement in almost all reinforced concrete structures, some reinforcing bars should be carefully spliced. In the case of long flexural beam, bar installers end up with two or even more pieces of steel that must be spliced together to accomplish the desired steel length. An experimental study was conducted to investigate flexural behavior of reinforced concrete beams utilizing a variety lap splices of reinforcing steel bars under two-point loading. Five variations of lap splices of reinforcing steel bars positioned at midspan of tensile reinforcement of the beam were investigated. Welded joints and overlapped splices were used to construct the variation of lap splices of reinforcing steel bars. The general trend in crack pattern, the load deflection characteristics and the mode of failure of flexural beams under two-point loading were also observed. The flexural strength comprising load-displacement response, flexural crack propagation, displacement ductility is briefly discussed in this paper.

scholarly journals Experimental study on damage evaluation of stainless steel–reinforced concrete piers under lateral impact

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 168781402092488
Author(s):  
Bo Wu ◽  
Shixiang Xu
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Impact Damage ◽  
Test System ◽  
Reinforcement Ratio ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Lateral Impact ◽  
Steel Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Steel Bars ◽  
The Impact

Horizontal impact tests of stainless steel–reinforced concrete piers with different reinforcement ratios at different impact velocities were carried out by using the ultra-high drop weight impact test system. Degree of piers damage after impact was comprehensively analyzed by measuring the acceleration of the impact body, the displacement of the top of the pier specimens, the strain of the steel bars, the rotation of the pier bottom, and the crack development of concrete. The test results showed that under the same impact velocity, with the decrease in reinforcement ratio, the peak acceleration of the impact body, the displacement of the top of pier specimens, the strain of steel bars, and the pier bottom rotation all increase. To a certain extent, increasing the reinforcement ratio of bridge piers can effectively reduce impact damage.

scholarly journals Pullout performance of steel bars partially bonded in concrete with epoxy resin

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 598-619
Author(s):  
R. H. SOUZA ◽  
M. E. TAVARES ◽  
D. V. FERNANDES
Keyword(s):  
Epoxy Resin ◽  
Cast Steel ◽  
Steel Reinforcement ◽  
Reinforcing Bars ◽  
Structural Bonding ◽  
Test Parameters ◽  
Steel Bars ◽  
Existing Structure ◽  
Bar Diameter ◽  
Sizeable Reduction

Abstract The installation of new reinforcing bars onto an existing structure is a common practice in civil construction both for old and new structures. The use of anchors has been extensively studied and normalized. The placement of steel reinforcement bars in holes filled with epoxy resin, despite their wide use, still lacks a satisfactory methodology for the design of such systems. In this context, the aim of this paper is to present the results of an experimental programme for confined pullout tests, comparing the performance of cast steel reinforcement bars to that of bars bonded to concrete with epoxy resin. The investigated test parameters included the bar diameter, the embedment length and the resin thickness. Tests results showed a significant efficiency of epoxy resin as structural bonding agent and allowed the verification of sizeable reduction in the anchorage lengths for bonded bars.

Strength and ductility performance of corroded steel bars in concrete exposed to 2D chloride ingress

MRS Advances ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (54-55) ◽  
pp. 2817-2825
Author(s):  
Mike Otieno ◽  
Ze Zakka
Keyword(s):  
Concrete Beam ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Chloride Ingress ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Reinforcing Bars ◽  
Corrosion Morphology ◽  
Cracked Concrete ◽  
Steel Bars ◽  
Corrosion Pits ◽  
Strength And Ductility

AbstractThis paper presents the residual tensile strength test results of corroded high yield steel bars. Single steel bars were embedded at a cover depth of 20 mm in 150 × 150 × 625 mm long cracked concrete beam specimens made with 70/30 PC/FA and 50/50 PC/SL binders with a constant w/b ratio of 0.40. The steel bars were placed in the cross-section centre and near the orthogonal edge of the beams, and selected beam faces epoxy-coated in order to simulate, respectively, 1D and 2D chloride ingress. The beams were subjected to 2-week wetting (with 5% NaCl) and 2-week air-drying cycles in the laboratory for 110 weeks after which the corroded steel bars were extracted, assessed for corrosion morphology, and tested in tension for ultimate strength, fracture strength and ductility performance. The steel bars in concretes exposed to 1D chloride ingress had isolated corrosion pits while both general and isolated corrosion pits were observed in specimens exposed to 2D chloride ingress. The residual ultimate and fracture tensile strengths, and ductility of corroded steel reinforcing bars in concretes exposed to 2D chloride ingress are lower than those for steel bars in concretes exposed to 1D chloride ingress.

scholarly journals Finite Element Modeling of Cyclic Out-of-Plane Response of Masonry Walls Retrofitted by Inserting Inclined Stainless Steel Bars

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kshitij C. Shrestha ◽  
◽  
Takuya Nagae ◽  
Yoshikazu Araki ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Masonry Walls ◽  
Fe Model ◽  
Reinforcing Bars ◽  
Interface Elements ◽  
Numerical Result ◽  
Steel Bars ◽  
Out Of Plane ◽  
Historical Masonry

This paper focuses on finite element (FE) modeling of the out-of-plane response of retrofitted masonry walls subjected to quasistatic cyclic loading. Retrofitting involves inserting inclined stainless steel bars on the plane perpendicular to the wall face, already practiced in several historical masonry structures in Japan. The FE model for masonry walls, in which continuum elements represent brick units, interface elements the brick unit/mortar interface, and truss elements reinforcing bars, is demonstrated in comparisons with experimental results. A simplified FE model we also propose represents reinforcing bars by an equivalent vertical bar to facilitate convergence and reduce the computational burden. A study evaluating numerical result sensitivity to modeling parameters demonstrates both modeling stability and retrofitting robustness.

Problematic Internet Use digunakan Ketika Kesepian pada Remaja

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-60
Author(s):  
Yashinta Yashinta ◽  
Dwi Hurriyati
Keyword(s):  
Internet Use ◽  
Hypothesis Test ◽  
Problematic Internet Use ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Research Subjects ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Effective Contribution

This study aims to determine the relationship of loneliness with problematic internet use on boarding students on Silaberanti street in Siantan jaya Opposite Ulu 1 Palembang city. Research subjects numbered 220 people using random sampling methods. Data was collected using a 60 item problematic internet use scale and a 60 item loneliness. Realibility is generated on scale of problematic internet use of 0,955 and loneliness of 0,946.Hypothesis testing uses product moment correlation analysis techniques. Hypothesis test results showed a positive relationshif between loneliness with problematic internet use on boarding students on Silaberanti street in Siantan jaya Opposite Ulu 1 Palembang city r= 0,684 with a significance level of 0,000 (p<0,01). Loneliness in this study made an effective contribution of 46,8% to problematic internet use which can be seen from the coefficient of determination (r²) that is equel to 0,468.

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