The Impact of Policy Shift from In-kind Transfers to Direct Cash Transfers on Paddy Production: Evidence from Mahaweli H System in Sri Lanka

2021 ◽  
pp. 139156142110048
Author(s):  
Sumudu Perera ◽  
Ananda Rathnayake ◽  
Janaka Fernando ◽  
Thilani Navaratne ◽  
Dilan Rajapakshe
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Policy Change ◽  
National Level ◽  
Cash Transfers ◽  
Cash Transfer ◽  
Equivalent Amount ◽  
Transfer Policy ◽  
Subsidy Scheme ◽  
Level Data ◽  
The Impact

In 2016, the Sri Lankan government introduced a policy change related to fertilizer subsidy by converting the in-kind transfer into a direct cash transfer. This research article analyses the consequences of this policy change on the paddy production from economics perspective. The analysis uses national-level data from 1961 to 2013 and farm-level data collected in 2016. Macro-level findings manifest that the use of fertilizer significantly increases the paddy production in Sri Lanka. It was also identified that the cash amount granted under the direct cash transfer policy is not equivalent to the in-kind transfer programme. As a result, paddy production is expected to decline under the direct cash transfer programme when compared to the material subsidy scheme. However, this is against the preference of economists on direct cash transfers over in-kind transfers. The findings reveal that direct cash transfers increase the paddy production under two conditions: (a) when rational farmers effectively utilize the cash grants to optimize their production inputs; and (b) an equivalent amount of in-kind transfer is provided as direct cash transfer. Hence, direct cash transfers are not always better than in-kind transfers; it is better when in-kind transfer is compensated with an equivalent amount of cash transfer. JEL: A1, B1, B2, C1, C5, D6, N5

scholarly journals Changes in opioid-related deaths following increased access to opioid substitution treatment

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Andersson ◽  
Anders Håkansson ◽  
Jonas Berge ◽  
Björn Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Policy Change ◽  
National Level ◽  
Patient Choice ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Substitution Treatment ◽  
Opioid Substitution Treatment ◽  
Level Data ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Overdose Deaths ◽  
Opioid Substitution

Abstract Background Opioid-related mortality is high and increasing in the Western world, and interventions aimed at reducing opioid-related deaths represent an important area of study. In Skåne County, Sweden, a patient choice reform resulted in increased access to opioid substitution treatment (OST). In addition, a gradual shift towards less restrictive terms for exclusion from OST has been implemented. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of these policy changes on opioid-related deaths. Methods Detailed data on opioid-related deaths in Skåne during the 2 years prior to and following the policy change were obtained from forensic records and from health care services. Data on overdose deaths for Skåne and the rest of Sweden were obtained using publicly available national register data. Time periods were used as the predictor for opioid-related deaths in the forensic data. The national level data were used in a natural experiment design in which rates of overdose deaths were compared between Skåne and the rest of Sweden before and after the intervention. Results There was no significant difference in the number of deaths in Skåne between the data collection periods (RR: 1.18 95% CI:0.89–1.57, p= 0.251). The proportion of deaths among patients enrolled in OST increased between the two periods (2.61, 1.12–6.10, p= 0.026). There was no change in deaths related to methadone or buprenorphine in relation to deaths due to the other opioids included in the study (0.92, 0.51–1.63, p= 0.764). An analysis of national mortality data showed an annual relative decrease in unintentional drug deaths in Skåne compared to the rest of Sweden following the onset of the reform (0.90, 0.84–0,97, p= 0.004). Conclusions Opioid-related deaths, as assessed using forensic data, has not changed significantly in Skåne following a change to lower-threshold OST. By contrast, national level data indicate that the policy change has been associated with decreased overdose deaths. The discrepancy between these results highlights the need for more research to elucidate this issue. The result that more patients die during ongoing OST following an increase in access to treatment underlines the need for further preventive interventions within the OST treatment setting.

scholarly journals Examination of Self-efficacy Beliefs of on performance (An empirical study on National level Players of team sports in Sri Lanka)

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Perera HPN ◽  
Jusoh M ◽  
Azam SMF ◽  
Sudasinghe SRSN
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
National Level ◽  
Team Sports ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Research Model ◽  
Efficacy Belief ◽  
Perceived Performance ◽  
The Impact

The main goal of this study was identify the impact of Self-Efficacy on the performance of team sports players in Sri Lanka. Mainly it was focused to measure self-efficacy belief of team players and the experimental variable of the study was perceived performance. The study utilized a likert scale questionnaire which had been adopted from literature to obtain data for the study. The research model was tested using 308 subjects comprised of national level team players. Data were analyzed using SPSS and structural equation modeling with AMOS. Self-efficacy has proven to have a noticeable impact on subjective performance of the players. The recommendations included the strategies which can be utilized to enhance the self-efficacy belief of the players.

scholarly journals The Determinant of Participation in The Social Activities: Case in Indonesia

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-200
Author(s):  
Bayu Kharisma
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Cash Transfers ◽  
Cash Transfer ◽  
Influential Factor ◽  
Social Activities ◽  
The Social ◽  
Credit Association ◽  
Unconditional Cash Transfers ◽  
The Impact

One of the most issues debated in the social capital literature is the unconditional cash transfer effect on social capital, especially regarding the potential of unmeasured targeted mechanisms at the community level about social relations. This article aims to identify the determinant of social capital in the form of household participation in social activities and the impact of unconditional cash transfers (BLT) on participation in social activities in Indonesia by using differences-differences approach (DID). The results showed that the most influential factor on household participation in social activities is the education level of the head of the household and the members of the productive age group. Meanwhile, unconditional cash transfers policy has a positive effect on the rotating saving and credit association. Thus, participation in social activities undertaken by the community undoubtedly has an important element in the success of government programs.DOI: 10.15408/sjie.v7i2.7365

The Impact of Cash Transfers: A Review of the Evidence from Low- and Middle-income Countries

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (03) ◽  
pp. 569-594 ◽  
Author(s):  
FRANCESCA BASTAGLI ◽  
JESSICA HAGEN-ZANKER ◽  
LUKE HARMAN ◽  
VALENTINA BARCA ◽  
GEORGINA STURGE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Evidence Base ◽  
Cash Transfers ◽  
Cash Transfer ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Unintended Effects ◽  
Screening Process ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Low And Middle Income

AbstractThis article presents the findings of a review of the impact of non-contributory cash transfers on individuals and households in low- and middle-income countries, covering the literature of 15 years, from 2000 to 2015. Based on evidence extracted from 165 studies, retrieved through a systematic search and screening process, this article discusses the impact of cash transfers on 35 indicators covering six outcome areas: monetary poverty; education; health and nutrition; savings, investment and production; work; and empowerment. For most of the studies, cash transfers contributed to progress in the selected indicators in the direction intended by policymakers. Despite variations in the size and strength of the underlying evidence base by outcome and indicator, this finding is consistent across all outcome areas. The article also investigates unintended effects of cash transfer receipt, such as potential reductions in adult work effort and increased fertility, finding limited evidence for such unintended effects. Finally, the article highlights gaps in the evidence base and areas which would benefit from additional future research.

Conditional Cash Transfers and the Effect on Recent Murder Rates in Brazil and Mexico

2014 ◽  
Vol 56 (01) ◽  
pp. 55-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin Earl Lance
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Conditional Cash Transfer ◽  
Cash Transfers ◽  
Conditional Cash Transfers ◽  
Cash Transfer ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Municipal Level

Abstract This article examines whether conditional cash transfer (CCT) programs have had a significant effect on reducing murder rates in Mexico and Brazil, using time-series municipal-level data on murders in both countries. The findings, over the period 2005–8, show that the greater the proportion of beneficiaries enrolled in a CCT program in each municipality, the lower the number of murders. There are, however, important differences between the two countries, with a much larger effect in Brazil than in Mexico. This holds even when controlling for GDP and levels of development.

scholarly journals The inequity of morbidity: Disparities in the prevalence of morbidity between ethnic groups in New Zealand

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 2235042X2097116
Author(s):  
Jason Gurney ◽  
James Stanley ◽  
Diana Sarfati
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
National Level ◽  
Morbidity Burden ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Level Data ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Impact

Objective: The burden of chronic disease is not evenly shared within our society. In this manuscript, we use comprehensive national-level data to compare morbidity burden between ethnic groups in New Zealand. Methods: We investigated the prevalence of morbidity among all New Zealanders aged 18+ (n = 3,296,837), stratified by ethnic group (Māori, Pacific, Asian, Middle Eastern/Latin American/African, European/Other), using national-level hospitalisation and pharmaceutical data and two measures of morbidity (the M3 and P3 indices). Results and Conclusions: We observed substantial disparities for Māori and Pacific peoples compared to other ethnic groups for the vast majority of commonly-diagnosed morbidities. These disparities appeared strongest for the most-common conditions – meaning that Māori and Pacific peoples disproportionately shoulder an increased burden of these key conditions. We also observed that prevalence of these conditions emerged at earlier ages, meaning that Māori and Pacific peoples also experience a disproportionate impact of individual conditions on the quality and quantity of life. Finally, we observed strong disparities in the prevalence of conditions that may exacerbate the impact of COVID-19, such as chronic pulmonary, liver or renal disease. The substantial inequities we have presented here have been created and perpetuated by the social determinants of health, including institutionalised racism: thus solutions will require addressing these systemic issues as well as addressing inequities in individual-level care.

scholarly journals Effects of family income and conditional cash transfers on household food insecurity: evidence from a longitudinal study in Northeast Brazil

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 756-767 ◽  
Author(s):  
Poliana A Palmeira ◽  
Rosana Salles-Costa ◽  
Rafael Pérez-Escamilla
Keyword(s):  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Cash Transfers ◽  
Conditional Cash Transfers ◽  
Cash Transfer ◽  
Household Food Insecurity ◽  
Northeast Brazil ◽  
Household Food ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Impact

AbstractObjective:Food insecurity (FI) is a challenge to policy makers worldwide, who need to understand which polices and programmes are effective at overcoming FI. The present study aimed to examine the impact of family income and conditional cash transfers on changes in household FI status in a highly vulnerable municipality in Northeast Brazil.Design:A population-based longitudinal cohort study among families in a municipality in the semi-arid area in Northeast Brazil (2011 and 2014). FI was estimated with the Brazilian Household Food Insecurity Measurement Scale (EBIA). The effects of family income and cash transfer on changes in FI were estimated using logistic regression models and the population-attributable risk fraction.Setting:Households in Cuité, Paraíba, Brazil.Participants:Household respondents interviewed in 2011 (n 358) and 2014 (n 326).Results:There was a reduction in FI prevalence of 17·5 % across time; 24·5 % of families who were food insecure in 2011 became food secure in 2014. After adjustment, families that did not experience an increase in their total household income or a reduction in the cash transfer amount were at increased risk of persistent FI across time. If the cash transfer programme had not been in place, about 10 % of the families that switched from food insecure to food secure across time would have remained in FI instead.Conclusions:The decrease of FI occurred in an area of extreme climatic and social vulnerability. These changes were more related to the cash transfer than the increase in family income over time.

scholarly journals The impact of COVID–19 lockdown on dengue transmission in Sri Lanka; A natural experiment for understanding the influence of human mobility

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. e0009420
Author(s):  
Prasad Liyanage ◽  
Joacim Rocklöv ◽  
Hasitha Aravinda Tissera
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Natural Experiment ◽  
Human Mobility ◽  
National Level ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
School Closure ◽  
Stage Model ◽  
Health Seeking ◽  
Dengue Transmission ◽  
The Impact

Background Dengue is one of the major public health problems in Sri Lanka. Its outbreak pattern depends on a multitude of drivers, including human mobility. Here we evaluate the impact of COVID–19 related mobility restriction (lockdown) on the risk of dengue in Sri Lanka. Methodology Two-stage hierarchical models were fitted using an interrupted time-series design based on the notified dengue cases, January 2015 to July 2020. In the first stage model, the district level impact was estimated using quasi-Poisson regression models while accounting for temporal trends. Estimates were pooled at zonal and national levels in the second stage model using meta-analysis. The influence of the extended period of school closure on dengue in children in the western province was compared to adults. Findings Statistically significant and homogeneous reduction of dengue risk was observed at all levels during the lockdown. Overall an 88% reduction in risk (RR 0.12; 95% CI from 0.08 to 0.17) was observed at the national level. The highest impact was observed among children aged less than 19 years showing a 92% reduction (RR 0.8; 95% CI from 0.03 to 0.25). We observed higher impact in the dry zone having 91% reduction (RR 0.09; 95% CI from 0.05 to 0.15) compared to wet zone showing 83% reduction (RR 0.17; 95% CI from 0.09 to 0.30). There was no indication that the overall health-seeking behaviour for dengue had a substantial influence on these estimates. Significance This study offers a broad understanding of the change in risk of dengue during the COVID–19 pandemic and associated mobility restrictions in Sri Lanka. The analysis using the mobility restrictions as a natural experiment suggests mobility patterns to be a very important driver of dengue transmission.

scholarly journals The Impact of Plastic Money Use on VAT Compliance: Evidence from EU Countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 239 (4) ◽  
pp. 5-26
Author(s):  
Amakoe D. Alognon ◽  
◽  
Antonios M. Koumpias ◽  
Jorge Martínez-Vázquez ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Instrumental Variables ◽  
National Level ◽  
Percentage Points ◽  
Level Data ◽  
European Union Countries ◽  
Ex Ante ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Instrumental Variables Approach

This paper examines the impact of credit and debit card usage on VAT compliance using annual national level data for 26 European Union countries from 2000 to 2016. Exploiting spatio temporal variation in plastic money use along with an instrumental variables approach, we find that a 1% increase in card payments reduces VAT gaps 0.51 percentage points whereas a 1% increase in cash withdrawals increases VAT gaps by 0.6 percentage points. Our contribution lies in using more adequate measures of VAT compliance gap and in accounting for potential confounders such as the ex-ante enforcement capacity of tax administrations.

scholarly journals The Impact of Conditional Cash Transfer (CCT) to Socio-Economic of Poor Families; A Case Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moh. Dulkiah ◽  
Avid Leonardo Sari ◽  
Irwandi Irwandi
Keyword(s):  
Conditional Cash Transfer ◽  
Cash Transfers ◽  
Conditional Cash Transfers ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
Cash Transfer ◽  
Political Dimension ◽  
Economic Dimension ◽  
Indonesian Government ◽  
Poor Families ◽  
The Impact

Poverty is a multidimensional problem such as political dimension, social dimension, environmental dimension, economic dimension and asset dimension. Indonesian government creates program to alleviate poverty. Program Keluarga Harapan (PKH) is one of Indonesian government program. Program Keluarga Harapan (PKH) is a social protection program through the provision of conditional cash transfers to very poor families. This program focuses on improving the quality of life to achieve social welfare through behavioral changes to education and health. The article aims to explore the impact of Conditional Cash Transfer (CCT) on the socio-economic of poor families in Linggo Sari Baganti district,  Pesisir Selatan regency. Data were collected from interviews, observations, and documentation by referring to descriptive research method with a qualitative approach. Research findings evaluate the provision of Conditional Cash Transfers. It has not been effective in improving the socio-economic life of poor families in Linggo Sari Baganti district, Pesisir Selatan regency.

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