scholarly journals The relationship between substance use disorder and gambling disorder: A nationwide longitudinal health registry study

2021 ◽  
pp. 140349482110422
Author(s):  
Tony Leino ◽  
Torbjørn Torsheim ◽  
Mark D. Griffiths ◽  
Ståle Pallesen
Keyword(s):  
Gambling Disorder ◽  
Census Data ◽  
The Other ◽  
Addictive Disorder ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Co Morbidity ◽  
Substance Abuse Disorders ◽  
Health Registry ◽  
First Time ◽  
Over Time

Aim: This study aimed to examine the co-morbidity and temporal relationship between substance abuse disorders (SUDs) and gambling disorder (GD). Method: Cross-tabulated census data were retrieved from the Norwegian Patient Registry. The data included the number of patients by year of first-time incidence of GD and/or SUD diagnoses, age and sex from 2008 to 2017. Results: Approximately 22.5% of GD patients were also diagnosed with SUD, whereas 0.7% of SUD patients were also diagnosed with GD. Among GD patients, males had a greater risk of SUD in the same year compared to females, whereas the risk of SUD a year or more after the onset of GD was greater among females compared to males. Among SUD patients, males had a greater risk of GD in all age categories and across all time periods except among those aged 40–66 years. The risk of GD three to four years after the onset of SUD among those aged 40–66 years was similar between SUD males and females. Discussion: The overall co-morbidity of SUD and GD was low. However, the risk of the other addictive disorder was contingent upon the nature of the first disorder. The risk of SUD among GDs over time was greater among females compared to males. Conclusions: The risk of the other addictive disorder appears to be contingent upon the first addictive disorder. There are sex differences in the risk trajectories of the other addictive disorder over time between GD patients and SUD patients.

Surgical treatment for infective endocarditis over three decades: a nationwide study

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Dalsgaard Jensen ◽  
M.H Smerup ◽  
H Bundgaard ◽  
J.H Butt ◽  
N.E Bruun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infective Endocarditis ◽  
Mortality Risk ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Valve Surgery ◽  
Annual Number ◽  
Nationwide Study ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
First Time ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Background An increasing number of patients with infective endocarditis (IE) are treated surgically over time. It is important to know how this affects patient outcome. Current studies are mainly from tertiary centres which may bias estimations of outcomes. We have therefore conducted a nationwide study of surgical outcomes during admission for IE over three decades. Purpose We set out to examine temporal trends in use of valve surgery for IE and these patients' characteristics and related outcomes in Denmark in the period 1998–2017. Methods Using Danish nationwide registries, we included patients with first-time IE (1998–2017). The study population was categorized into four groups of five-year intervals (1998–2002, 2003–2007, 2008–2012, 2012–2017). Annual number of patients with IE and the proportion who underwent valve surgery during admission were reported. Kaplan-Meier estimates and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to compare the associated 30-day mortality risk between calendar periods. Kaplan-Meier estimates and multivariable adjusted Cox proportional hazard analyses were used compare the associated 1-year mortality risk between calendar periods. Results A total of 8,455 patients with first-time IE were identified in the period of 1998–2017 of which 1,906 (22.5%) underwent valve surgery (1998–2002; N=320, 2003–2007; N=468, 2008–2012; N=528, 2013–2017; N=595). The proportion of patients who underwent surgery was 21.5% in 1998 and 19.4% in 2017 (P=0.02 for trend). See figure. For patients undergoing surgery, the median age and proportion of males increased from 58.3 years (P25-P75: 48.2–67.4) and 69.1% to 66.7 years (P25-P75: 55.2–73.0) and 73.1% in 1998–2002 and 2013–2017, respectively. Patients had an increasing burden of comorbidities including diabetes (10.3% to 14.3%), hypertension (16.9% to 37.5%) and renal disease (9.1% to 9.6%) across calendar periods. The 30-day mortality risk for patients with IE who underwent valve surgery was 10.0% (1998–2002), 10.8% (2003–2007), 6.4% (2008–2012) and 8.5% (2013–2017), respectively (P=0.09). One-year mortality risk for patients with IE who underwent valve surgery was 16.7% (1998–2002), 21.2% (2003–2007), 15.2% (2008–2012) and 16.6% (2013–2017), respectively (P=0.08). The declining 30-day and 1-year mortality was statistically significant over time when adjusting for patient characteristics (P=0.01 and P≤0.0001, respectively). Conclusion From a nationwide, unselected cohort of patients with first-time IE, around 1/5 undergo surgery during admission. Surgical IE-cases are older and sicker now compared to 10–20 years ago. In spite of this, there was a trend towards a decreased associated 30-day and 1-year mortality over time. Our data show a lower rate of surgery in IE than in most prior studies and we believe that this is due to the nationwide, unselected nature of our study. Infective endocarditis and surgery Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: None

The Distribution of Scottish Settlements in Ontario, 1871–1901

2016 ◽  
pp. 28-43
Author(s):  
Sara Rose Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Settlement Patterns ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Support Point ◽  
The Other ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Chain Migration ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Over Time

Emigration from Scotland in the nineteenth century is marked by its significant use of chain migration. This article focuses on how migrant chains affected Scottish settlement patterns in Ontario in the late nineteenth century, highlighting their reliance on friends and family to successfully relocate. Remittances, letters, and other forms of support point to the continued importance of kin and clan across borders. What differentiated Scottish migrants from chain migrants of other nationalities was the durability of their settlements. Migrant chains from other origins typically produce durable settlements that persist over time. Scots, on the other hand, show significantly less settlement durability. Census data are used to describe the concentration of Scottish immigrants over time within districts in Ontario, Canada, and how the degree of concentration changed over time. These data and the results are illustrated with a series of census maps.

The Politics of Consensus in an Age of Affluence

1965 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 874-895 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert E. Lane
Keyword(s):  
Economic Security ◽  
The Other ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Individual Effect ◽  
Social Effect ◽  
Politics And Government ◽  
Political Interests ◽  
The Business Cycle ◽  
First Time ◽  
Over Time

Marx is surely right when he says that the way men earn their living shapes their relations to each other and to the state; but this is, of course, only the beginning. Aside from all the other non-economic factors which also have these effects, there is the matter of the source of income, the level of income, and, especially, the security of income. Moreover, each of these factors has both an individual effect, a set of influences apparent in the study of individual enrichment or immiseration, and a social effect, the influences which appear when whole societies become richer or more secure economically. So I am led to inquire into what is happening to men's political interests, behavior, and attitudes toward politics and government in an Age of Affluence, a period when men's economic security and income have increased and when, for the first time in history, it appears likely that the business cycle can now be controlled. Like Marx's, my interest is in change over time.

scholarly journals Children's gradient sensitivity to phonological mismatch: considering the dynamics of looking behavior and pupil dilation

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katalin TAMÁSI ◽  
Cristina MCKEAN ◽  
Adamantios GAFOS ◽  
Barbara HÖHLE
Keyword(s):  
Time Course ◽  
Pupillary Response ◽  
Pupil Dilation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Preferential Looking ◽  
Differential Responses ◽  
First Time ◽  
Phonological Mismatch ◽  
Over Time

AbstractIn a preferential looking paradigm, we studied how children's looking behavior and pupillary response were modulated by the degree of phonological mismatch between the correct label of a target referent and its manipulated form. We manipulated degree of mismatch by introducing one or more featural changes to the target label. Both looking behavior and pupillary response were sensitive to degree of mismatch, corroborating previous studies that found differential responses in one or the other measure. Using time-course analyses, we present for the first time results demonstrating full separability among conditions (detecting difference not only between one vs. more, but also between two and three featural changes). Furthermore, the correct labels and small featural changes were associated with stable target preference, while large featural changes were associated with oscillating looking behavior, suggesting significant shifts in looking preference over time. These findings further support and extend the notion that early words are represented in great detail, containing subphonemic information.

How nonce borrowings become loanwords

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shana Poplack
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
The Other ◽  
Grammatical Structure ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Speech Corpora ◽  
The Moment ◽  
First Time ◽  
And Diffusion ◽  
Over Time

Making use of a unique series of speech corpora collected between the 1940s and 2007, this chapter traces for the first time the diachronic trajectory of nonce forms in bilingual production over a real-time period of 61 years and nearly a century and a half in apparent time. It tests and refutes two standard assumptions about nonce borrowings: (1) they increase in frequency and diffusion, and (2) they originate as code-switches and are gradually converted to loanwords. Results show that nonce forms generally do not go on to become established loanwords: few persist, let alone increase over time. Based on several diagnostics, analysis of the linguistic trajectory of those that diffuse and increase in frequency shows that they are not integrated gradually; instead they assume recipient-language grammatical structure abruptly. Code-switches are not converted into borrowings; the decision to code-switch or borrow is made at the moment the other-language item is accessed.

scholarly journals ‘Other’ gender in India: An Analysis of 2011 Census Data

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chaitali Mandal ◽  
Paramita Debnath ◽  
Apyayee Sil
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Labour Force Participation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Human Rights Protection ◽  
Rights Protection ◽  
Data Limitations ◽  
Indian Census ◽  
First Time

In spite of a lot of human rights protection given to the ‘other-gender’ population worldwide, they still have been a deserted community who faces a significant occupational challenge around the world. In India, the other-gender community encompasses persons with a variety of gender identities, forming a culturally unique gender group. Although they have always remained an integral part of the society from the very ancient time, unfortunately, their existence is grappling with abject poverty, illiteracy, hatred, and mockery. Such stigmatisation and segregation from society have left them to compromise with the employment opportunities available. It is important to identify the gap between the other-gender population and the general population in the field of literacy and workforce participation. This paper uses the data on other-gender published by the Census of India for the first time. According to the Indian Census 2011, there is around 4.9 lakh other-gender population in the country. The data reveal that other-gender have lower levels of literacy and labour force participation compared with the general population. Our attempt is here to conceptualise the findings along with some discussion on the data limitations.

Emotional Impact Feedback Changes How We Remember Negative Autobiographical Experiences

2010 ◽  
Vol 57 (5) ◽  
pp. 354-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melanie K. T. Takarangi ◽  
Deryn Strange
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
The Other ◽  
Personal Perspective ◽  
Emotional Impact ◽  
Potential Mechanism ◽  
Negative Experiences ◽  
Negative Memory ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Negative Memories ◽  
Over Time

When people are told that their negative memories are worse than other people’s, do they later remember those events differently? We asked participants to recall a recent negative memory then, 24 h later, we gave some participants feedback about the emotional impact of their event – stating it was more or less negative compared to other people’s experiences. One week later, participants recalled the event again. We predicted that if feedback affected how participants remembered their negative experiences, their ratings of the memory’s characteristics should change over time. That is, when participants are told that their negative event is extremely negative, their memories should be more vivid, recollected strongly, and remembered from a personal perspective, compared to participants in the other conditions. Our results provide support for this hypothesis. We suggest that external feedback might be a potential mechanism in the relationship between negative memories and psychological well-being.

Darwin's two competing phylogenetic trees: marsupials as ancestors or sister taxa?

2012 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. David Archibald
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Record ◽  
Evolutionary Biology ◽  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
Charles Darwin ◽  
The Other ◽  
Charles Lyell ◽  
Single Origin ◽  
Molecular Studies ◽  
Richard Owen ◽  
First Time

Studies of the origin and diversification of major groups of plants and animals are contentious topics in current evolutionary biology. This includes the study of the timing and relationships of the two major clades of extant mammals – marsupials and placentals. Molecular studies concerned with marsupial and placental origin and diversification can be at odds with the fossil record. Such studies are, however, not a recent phenomenon. Over 150 years ago Charles Darwin weighed two alternative views on the origin of marsupials and placentals. Less than a year after the publication of On the origin of species, Darwin outlined these in a letter to Charles Lyell dated 23 September 1860. The letter concluded with two competing phylogenetic diagrams. One showed marsupials as ancestral to both living marsupials and placentals, whereas the other showed a non-marsupial, non-placental as being ancestral to both living marsupials and placentals. These two diagrams are published here for the first time. These are the only such competing phylogenetic diagrams that Darwin is known to have produced. In addition to examining the question of mammalian origins in this letter and in other manuscript notes discussed here, Darwin confronted the broader issue as to whether major groups of animals had a single origin (monophyly) or were the result of “continuous creation” as advocated for some groups by Richard Owen. Charles Lyell had held similar views to those of Owen, but it is clear from correspondence with Darwin that he was beginning to accept the idea of monophyly of major groups.

Coevolution

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Avi Max Spiegel
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
The Political ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Islamist Movements

This chapter seeks to understand how Islamist movements have evolved over time, and, in the process, provide important background on the political and religious contexts of the movements in question. In particular, it shows that Islamist movements coevolve. Focusing on the histories of Morocco's two main Islamist movements—the Justice and Spirituality Organization, or Al Adl wal Ihsan (Al Adl) and the Party of Justice and Development (PJD)—it suggests that their evolutions can only be fully appreciated if they are relayed in unison. These movements mirror one another depending on the competitive context, sometimes reflecting, sometimes refracting, sometimes borrowing, sometimes adapting or even reorganizing in order to keep up with the other.

Correspondances étymologiques, lexicales et sémantiques dans le processus de féminisation de noms de profession, métiers et activités dans les sociétés française et roumaine

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 401-422
Author(s):  
Estelle Variot
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Roman World ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One ◽  
Over Time

"Etymological, Lexical and Semantic Correspondences in the Process of Feminization of Professional Names, Trades and Activities in French and Romanian Societies. The feminization of thought represented by language and of its varieties in the Roman World has allowed to highlight some convergences that come from a common linguistic heritage, often from Greek and Latin and some hesitation about adapting society to its realities. The feminization of some words which comes from an ancient process illustrates on the one hand the potential of the language and on the other hand some constraints sometimes linked to the society itself, which creates transitional periods, between matching grammatical correction and the evolution of linguistic uses over time. The possibilities of lexical enrichment (internal creation or loan) show the means available in French and Romanian and some convergences in the area of derivation, of lexical units and their etymologies. The grammatical perspective and word constructing methods make it possible to give keys for the feminization of names of trades or professions. Likewise, recording entries in the lexicon, their evolution, their assimilation or sometimes their forgetfulness, for the benefit of new constructions highlight the existence of objective and subjective criteria which teach us a lot about society as a whole. Keywords: feminization of professions, internal and external enrichment, suffixal match, use of words, grammar, lexicon, French and Romanian."

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