scholarly journals Elevated concentrations of terrestrial radionuclides in sand: An essential raw material used in Bangladeshi dwellings

2020 ◽  
pp. 1420326X2092483
Author(s):  
Mehade Hasan ◽  
Afroza Hossain Chaity ◽  
Abu Haydar ◽  
Idris Ali ◽  
Mayeen Uddin Khandaker
Keyword(s):  
Construction Industry ◽  
Radiation Effects ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Radiation Hazard ◽  
World Average ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Hazard Parameters ◽  
Terrestrial Radionuclides

Sand is one of the main materials used in the construction industry. Elevated concentrations of terrestrial radionuclides in sand may cause great harm to dwellers. Present study determines concentrations of terrestrial radionuclides in sand that is widely used as a raw material in the construction industry in Bangladesh, via conventional HPGe γ-ray spectrometry. The average activity concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K in the analysed samples were found as 36.8 ± 3.9, 58.9 ± 6.0 and 755 ± 91 Bqkg−1 in Base sand, 68.1 ± 5.3, 185.7 ± 9.9 and 1032 ± 104 Bqkg−1 in Sylhet sand, and 38.1 ± 3.6, 74.7 ± 5.9 and 636 ± 77 Bqkg−1 in Aster sand. All data show relatively higher values than the world average of 35, 30, 400 Bqkg−1, respectively. Key hazard parameters were estimated to realize the radiation effects on human health due to the use of sand as construction and building materials. The estimated parameters for Sylhet sand show relatively higher values than the population-weighted world average values, prescribed by regulatory bodies. Results show that the Sylhet sand may pose a significant radiation hazard to the dwellers via prolonged exposure, and necessary precautionary steps need to be taken to ensure safe dwellings while using this sand for construction and decorative purposes.

DETERMINATION OF RADON AND NATURAL RADIOACTIVITY CONCENTRATION IN SOME BUILDING MATERIALS USED IN IZMIR, TURKEY

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-118
Author(s):  
Daniel Hatungimana ◽  
Caner Taşköprü ◽  
Mutlu İçhedef ◽  
Müslim Murat Saç ◽  
Şemsi Yazıcı ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Radioactivity ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Gamma Spectroscopy ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
Absorbed Dose ◽  
Radiation Hazard ◽  
Absorbed Dose Rate ◽  
Dose Rates ◽  
Activity Concentrations ◽  
Materials Used

ABSTRACT The aim of this study is to determine the radon and natural radioactivity concentrations of some building materials and to assess the radiation hazard associated with those mortar materials when they are used in the construction of dwellings. Radon measurements were realized by using LR-115 Type 2 solid state nuclear track detectors. Radon activity concentrations of these materials were found to vary between 130.00 ± 11.40 and 1604.06 ± 40.5 Bq m−3. The natural radioactivity in selected mortar materials was analyzed by using scintillation gamma spectroscopy. The activity concentrations for 226Ra, 232Th and 40K for the studied mortar materials ranged from ND to 48.5 ± 7.0 Bq kg−1, ND to 41.0 ± 6.4 Bq kg−1 and ND to 720.4 ± 26.8 Bq kg−1, respectively. Radium equivalent activities, external and internal hazard indexes, gamma and alpha indexes and absorbed gamma dose rates were calculated to assess the radiation hazard of the natural radioactivity in studied samples. The calculated Raeq values of all samples were found to be lower than the limit of 370 Bq kg−1 set for building materials. The estimated hazard index values were found to be under the unity and the absorbed dose rate values were also below the worldwide average of 84 nGy h−1.

On the Issue of Reducing the Energy Intensity of the Silicate Composites Production with the Unconventional Aluminosilicate Raw Materials Use

2019 ◽  
Vol 974 ◽  
pp. 20-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.A. Volodchenko ◽  
Valery S. Lesovik ◽  
L.K. Zagorodnjuk ◽  
E.S. Glagolev
Keyword(s):  
Energy Saving ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Energy Intensity ◽  
High Pressures ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
High Reactivity ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Green Technologies ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Clay Rocks

The energy intensity of production of the most common wall materials in Russia is significantly higher than their foreign counterparts. The urgent task is to reduce the energy intensity of the production of building materials, to develop and introduce energy-saving nature-like technologies for the production of building materials, which corresponds to modern trends in the development of "green" technologies. It is possible to reduce the energy intensity of the production of silicate materials due to the transition from traditional raw materials to the use of unconventional aluminosilicate raw materials of various genesis, in particular, clay rocks of the unfinished stage of mineral formation. In the course of the research, the possibility of the synthesis of the new growth in the system “aluminosilicate raw material – calcium hydroxide – water” under the conditions of hydrothermal treatment was shown. Due to the high reactivity of the raw materials used, under the conditions of hydrothermal processing, the synthesis of tumors occurs not only at high pressures and temperatures, but also at temperatures up to 100 °C. This will allow to obtain efficient hollow-walled wall building materials using energy-saving technology.

scholarly journals Physicochemical, mineralogical and radiological properties of red mud samples as secondary raw materials

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 261-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Snezana Nenadovic ◽  
Gabor Mucsi ◽  
Ljiljana Kljajevic ◽  
Miljana Mirkovic ◽  
Milos Nenadovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Red Mud ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Preliminary Investigation ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Radiation Hazard ◽  
Absorbed Dose Rate ◽  
Radium Equivalent Activity

The main goal of the presented research was the preliminary investigation of possibility of red mud - Hungarian dump sites Almasfuzito (sample A) and Ajka (sample B) - application as a pigment or as a raw material for use in the construction materials industry. Also, the aim of this work was the characterization of red mud as industrial waste generated by the Bayer process in the aluminum industry - which may cause environmental problems if appropriate treatment is not carried out. The main mineral phases of both red mud are hematite (Fe2O3), calcite (CaCO3), gibbsite (Al(OH)3) and they consists of particles of median particle size 2.1 mm (sample A) and 2.5 mm (sample B) and have a characteristic red color, which was the reason for its testing for use in the industry of building materials as a pigment for standard concrete mixtures. The radionuclides content in the samples was determined by gamma spectrometry, and the radiological hazards originating from 238U, 232Th, 40K in the samples, were assessed through the radium equivalent activity, and the external radiation hazard index. The absorbed dose rate and the annual effective dose were calculated in accordance with the UNSCEAR 2010 report and the results are presented in this paper.

Research of Properties of Modern Construction Materials Based on Industrial Waste, Waste Wood and Metallurgical Industries

2019 ◽  
Vol 802 ◽  
pp. 113-124
Author(s):  
Ruslan Aharonovich Abramov ◽  
Maksim Sergeevich Sokolov ◽  
Svetlana Vyacheslavovna Derevianko
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Waste ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Total Output ◽  
Material Consumption ◽  
Waste Wood ◽  
New Construction ◽  
Materials Used

Material consumption of production of building materials is determined by the amount of raw materials used for their production, to the total output. One of the ways to reduce material consumption is the use of industrial waste as the main raw material for the production of new construction products. Most of the waste generated as a result of the activities of enterprises are man-made raw materials for the production of products such as brick, lime, cement, etc.Given that man-made raw materials are similar to the natural composition and physical properties and even has a number of advantages (heat treatment, increased dispersion, etc.), the manufacture of building materials from it is usually profitable and justified [4, 5].

scholarly journals Sustainability of earth building materials - Environmental product declarations as an instrument of competition in building material industry

2015 ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
Horst Schroeder ◽  
Manfred Lemke
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Building Product ◽  
Building Products ◽  
Voluntary Standards ◽  
Special Instrument ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
The Individual

<p>The evaluation of the building process in terms of their environmental impact in all life cycle phases of a building leads to the key principle of sustainable building: the analysis of the life cycle of the materials used in a building. The goal of this analysis is to reduce waste and keep the environmental impact as low as possible by “closing” the cycle. During an inventory, the entire life cycle is assessed. This includes the sourcing and extracting of the raw material, the use of the raw material to produce building products, elements and structures, the use in finished buildings including emission of pollutants, decay and maintenance, and, finally, the demolition of the building and the recycling of the demolition materials. Transportation between the individual phases as well as production-related material and energy flows are also included in this evaluation.</p><p>Several European and national norms and regulations define core rules and a special instrument for the evaluation of the sustainable quality of a building product based on a quantitative analysis of the life cycle of the materials used in a building: the Environmental Product Declaration EPD. These documents are voluntary standards, commitments or guarantees for building products. They are provided by producers, organizations and quality assurance associations in order to establish the “environmental performance” of buildings in the form of a certificate. Such declarations must fully include all phases of the life cycle of a product by describing the environmental impact during production and use as well as possible health hazards for the users.</p><p>Until now, EPDs for earth building products do not exist. This paper will give current information about a project for developing EPDs for earth mortars and earth blocks started by the German Dachverband Lehm e.V. (DVL).</p>

Development of Green Cementitious Materials by Using the Abrasive Waterjet Garnet Wastes: Preliminary Studies

2021 ◽  
Vol 1164 ◽  
pp. 87-96
Author(s):  
Cornelia Baeră ◽  
Vasilica Vasile ◽  
Claudiu Matei ◽  
Aurelian Gruin ◽  
Henriette Szilagyi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Construction Industry ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Cementitious Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Abrasive Waterjet ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Fine Grain ◽  
Reduced Toxicity

The constant need for recycling, waste prevention and general environmental protection represent the new directive approaches imposed by the geo-political, industrial and environmental context, at the regional, European and global level. Ensuring the environmental protection and reducing the natural resources consumption represent general purposes of the sustainable development and also considerations to implement the Circular Economy Model [1]. The present study is developed with respect to the previously mentioned principles: the waterjet cutting operations by the use of abrasive GARNETs for quality, speed and accuracy gain, are in continuous expansion, generating proportionally increasing wastes, which could be valorized by innovatively integrating them in advanced cementitious materials for the construction industry. The international research regarding the use of abrasive waterjet Garnet wastes as raw material for construction industry are at incipient stage and quite limited, but preliminary results are promising. Further studies are presently developed, considering the potential benefits and also the reduced toxicity degree of abrasive Garnet wastes. This paper offers a general overview concerning the recent studies performed in the topic of efficient use of abrasive Garnet wastes in different building materials. Supplementary, further research, both theoretical and experimental is considered, for developing green, advanced, high performance cement-based materials by using the abrasive waterjet Garnet wastes, mainly as fine grain addition or replacement in the composites.

scholarly journals Conditioning techniques technogenic raw materials used for binders

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 16-24
Author(s):  
Kochetkov S.P. ◽  
Bryl S.V. ◽  
Smirnov N.N. ◽  
Rukhlina N.I. ◽  
Rukhlin G.V.
Keyword(s):  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Calcium Carbonates ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Technogenic Raw Materials

For production of binding building materials in Russia and worldwide, used a variety of calcium-containing natural raw material: calcium carbonates, aragonite (CaCO3); sulfates-gypsum (CaSO4∙2H2O,CaSO4); oxides and hydroxides (bauxite glinozemservice); perforate-apatites and phosphates (Ca5∙(PO4)3∙F). The article discusses the need for air-conditioning of phosphogypsum to ensure that he was suitable without restrictions for processing into high-quality gypsum binders.

scholarly journals Geoecological assessment methods of the radiation hazard of the use of rocks in the building materials industry

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 ◽  
pp. 03020
Author(s):  
Daria Buzina ◽  
Igor Engovatov
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Natural Radionuclides ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Radiation Hazard ◽  
Radiation Characteristics ◽  
Radiation Background ◽  
Human Environment ◽  
Industrial Buildings

The production of human activity has led to the formation of technogenic radiation background, which is formed in its habitat due to initially distributed in the structures of the earth, particularly in rocks, “eternal” natural radionuclides (NRN). In its turn, rocks are the main raw material for building materials and products from them. Natural radionuclides are a source of radiation hazard to humans and their habitats throughout the entire chain of production and use of building materials for the construction of residential, administrative and industrial buildings. In order to reduce the factors of the negative impact of man-made radiation background on a person it is possible on the basis of studies of the radiation characteristics of building materials and raw materials for their manufacture, to identify sources of NRN in the chain from rocks to industrial production. In turn, the completeness and validity of the results is possible only on the basis of a comprehensive geo-environmental assessment of the radiation hazard characteristics of building materials and raw materials for their manufacture, which will reduce the negative impact on the ecology of the human environment through the use of “radiation-friendly” materials.

scholarly journals RAW MATERIALS BASE OF THE CRIMEAN CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY AND WAYS OF ITS EXPANSION

2021 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 66-71
Author(s):  
S.I. Fedorkin ◽  
N.V. Lyubomirsky ◽  
E.A. Kogay ◽  
A.V. Dudinskaya
Keyword(s):  
Construction Industry ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Material Base ◽  
Secondary Mineral ◽  
Mineral Raw Materials ◽  
The Crimea ◽  
Wall Materials

The article analyzes the raw material base of building materials of the Crimea and shows the ways of its expansion due to the production of wall materials based on secondary mineral raw materials and lime-fluff using the technology of forced carbonation of products.

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