Infrared high-speed thermography of combustion chamber wall impinged by diesel spray flame

2021 ◽  
pp. 146808742110080
Author(s):  
Tetsuya Aizawa ◽  
Tomoki Kinoshita ◽  
Shinobu Akiyama ◽  
Kouya Shinohara ◽  
Yuusei Miyagawa
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Heat Flux ◽  
Thermal Radiation ◽  
Combustion Chamber ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Chamber Wall ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Diesel Spray ◽  
Quartz Window ◽  
Spray Flame

As a demonstration of a new method to examine the extremely unsteady and spatially varying wall heat transfer phenomena on diesel engine combustion chamber wall, high-speed imaging of infrared thermal radiation from the wall surface impinged by a diesel spray flame was attempted using a high-speed infrared camera. A 35 mm-diameter chromium-coated quartz window surface was impinged by a diesel spray flame with an impinging distance of 27 mm from the nozzle orifice in a constant volume combustion chamber. The infrared thermal radiation from the back surface of the 0.6 µm thick chromium layer was successfully visualized at 10 kHz frame rate and 128 × 128 pixel resolution through the quartz window. The infrared radiation exhibited coherent and streaky structure with radial stripes extending and waving from the stagnation point. The width of the radial stripes, spatial amplitude and the period of the waving movement were comparable to the ones for turbulent heat transfer on the engine cylinder wall previously measured with a heat flux sensor, suggesting that they are resulting from the turbulent structure in the wall-impinging diesel flame. The radiation intensity was calibrated to temperature and converted to heat flux via 3-D numerical analysis of transient thermal conduction in the quartz window. The peak-to-peak variation amplitudes of temperature and heat flux among the radial stripes during the diesel spray flame impingement were about 20 K and 2.3 MW/m2, corresponding to 13% of 150 K maximum temperature swing amplitude and 18 MW/m2 maximum heat flux, respectively.

Experimental investigation of wall heat transfer due to spray combustion in a high-pressure/high-temperature vessel

2021 ◽  
pp. 146808742110072
Author(s):  
Karri Keskinen ◽  
Walter Vera-Tudela ◽  
Yuri M Wright ◽  
Konstantinos Boulouchos
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Heat Flux ◽  
High Pressure ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Transfer Problem ◽  
Wall Heat Transfer ◽  
Gas Temperature ◽  
Reference Case ◽  
High Pressure High Temperature

Combustion chamber wall heat transfer is a major contributor to efficiency losses in diesel engines. In this context, thermal swing materials (adapting to the surrounding gas temperature) have been pinpointed as a promising mitigative solution. In this study, experiments are carried out in a high-pressure/high-temperature vessel to (a) characterise the wall heat transfer process ensuing from wall impingement of a combusting fuel spray, and (b) evaluate insulative improvements provided by a coating that promotes thermal swing. The baseline experimental condition resembles that of Spray A from the Engine Combustion Network, while additional variations are generated by modifying the ambient temperature as well as the injection pressure and duration. Wall heat transfer and wall temperature measurements are time-resolved and accompanied by concurrent high-speed imaging of natural luminosity. An investigation with an uncoated wall is carried out with several sensor locations around the stagnation point, elucidating sensor-to-sensor variability and setup symmetry. Surface heat flux follows three phases: (i) an initial peak, (ii) a slightly lower plateau dependent on the injection duration, and (iii) a slow decline. In addition to the uncoated reference case, the investigation involves a coating made of porous zirconia, an established thermal swing material. With a coated setup, the projection of surface quantities (heat flux and temperature) from the immersed measurement location requires additional numerical analysis of conjugate heat transfer. Starting from the traces measured beneath the coating, the surface quantities are obtained by solving a one-dimensional inverse heat transfer problem. The present measurements are complemented by CFD simulations supplemented with recent rough-wall models. The surface roughness of the coated specimen is indicated to have a significant impact on the wall heat flux, offsetting the expected benefit from the thermal swing material.

scholarly journals Operating temperatures of oil-lubricated medium-speed gears: Numerical models and experimental results

2003 ◽  
Vol 217 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Long ◽  
A A Lord ◽  
D T Gethin ◽  
B J Roylance
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Heat Flux ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Rotational Speed ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Applied Load ◽  
Frictional Heat ◽  
Transfer Coefficients ◽  
Gear Teeth ◽  
Heat Transfer Coefficients

This paper investigates the effects of gear geometry, rotational speed and applied load, as well as lubrication conditions on surface temperature of high-speed gear teeth. The analytical approach and procedure for estimating frictional heat flux and heat transfer coefficients of gear teeth in high-speed operational conditions was developed and accounts for the effect of oil mist as a cooling medium. Numerical simulations of tooth temperature based on finite element analysis were established to investigate temperature distributions and variations over a range of applied load and rotational speed, which compared well with experimental measurements. A sensitivity analysis of surface temperature to gear configuration, frictional heat flux, heat transfer coefficients, and oil and ambient temperatures was conducted and the major parameters influencing surface temperature were evaluated.

Numerical Simulation of Convective Heat Transfer in a Spark Ignition Engine

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arash Mohammadi ◽  
Seyed Ali Jazayeri ◽  
Masoud Ziabasharhagh
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Heat Flux ◽  
Heat Transfer Coefficient ◽  
Transfer Coefficient ◽  
Combustion Chamber ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Cylinder Wall ◽  
Single Cylinder Engine ◽  
Crank Angle ◽  
Exhaust Valves

A computational fluid dynamics code is applied to simulate fluid flow and combustion in a four-stroke single cylinder engine with flat combustion chamber geometry. Heat flux and heat transfer coefficient on the cylinder head, cylinder wall, piston, intake and exhaust valves are determined. Result for a certain condition is compared for total heat transfer coefficient of the cylinder engine with available correlation proposed by experimental measurement in the literature and close agreement is observed. It is observed that the value of heat flux and heat transfer coefficient varies considerably in different positions of the combustion chamber, but the trend with crank angle is almost the same.

Autoignition of Reacting Hydrocarbon Mixture with Negative Temperature Coefficient Due to the Cold-Spot and Cold Chamber Wall

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Omid Samimi Abianeh
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Ignition Delay ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Pressure Rise ◽  
Chamber Wall ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Hydrocarbon Mixture ◽  
Cold Spot ◽  
Combustion Mode ◽  
Reactor Model

Abstract Autoignition of an n-heptane/air mixture was simulated in non-uniform temperature environments of a Rapid Compression Machine (RCM) and Shock-Tube (ST) with and without the presence of a cold-spot. The simulations were performed to investigate how the presence of a cold-spot and the cold boundary layer of the chamber wall may affect the ignition delay of the hydrocarbon mixture with NTC behavior. The simulations were performed using three models, (1) 3-Dimensional (3D) Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model, (2) Zero-Dimensional (0D) homogenous batch reactor model by including the heat transfer model, and (3) 0D adiabatic homogenous batch reactor model. A detailed n-heptane mechanism was reduced in this work and used for 3D combustion modeling. A cold-spot critical radius of 7 mm was determined, which affects the ignition delay by more than 9%. In addition, two combustion modes were observed in the combustion chamber with a non-uniform temperature environment. With the first combustion mode, combustion starts at the high gas temperature region of the combustion chamber and quickly propagates towards the periphery of the chamber. In this combustion mode, the location of the maximum concentration of hydroxyl radical and the maximum temperature are the same. With the second combustion mode, the combustion starts at the periphery of the chamber, where the temperature is lower than the center of the chamber due to heat transfer to the cold chamber wall. The location of maximum concentration of the hydroxyl radical and maximum temperature are different with this combustion mode. The two observed combustion modes are due to the NTC behavior of the n-heptane mixture. The 0D homogenous batch reactor model (with and without heat transfer models) failed to mimic the ignition delay accurately when the second combustion mode was present. In addition, a propagating combustion has been observed in the simulation which is in agreement with some of the optical autoignition diagnostics of these hydrocarbons. This propagating combustion leads to a gradual pressure rise during autoignition, rather than a sharp pressure rise. The results of this work show that 0D homogenous batch reactor models are unable to simulate autoignition of mixtures with NTC behavior.

Performance Comparison of Microchannel Heat Sink Using Boron-Based Ceramic Materials

2021 ◽  
Vol 1163 ◽  
pp. 73-88
Author(s):  
Md Tanbir Sarowar
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Heat Flux ◽  
Heat Sink ◽  
Electronic Devices ◽  
Ceramic Materials ◽  
Substrate Material ◽  
Heat Sinks ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Microchannel Heat Sink ◽  
Small Surface

Microchannel heat sink plays a vital role in removing a considerable amount of heat flux from a small surface area from different electronic devices. In recent times, the rapid development of electronic devices requires the improvement of these heat sinks to a greater extent. In this aspect, the selection of appropriate substrate materials of the heat sinks is of vital importance. In this paper, three boron-based ultra-high temperature ceramic materials (ZrB2, TiB2, and HfB2) are compared as a substrate material for the microchannel heat sink using a numerical approach. The fluid flow and heat transfer are analyzed using the finite volume method. The results showed that the maximum temperature of the heat source didn’t exceed 355K at 3.6MWm-2 for any material. The results also indicated HfB2 and TiB2 to be more useful as a substrate material than ZrB2. By applying 3.6 MWm-2 heat flux at the source, the maximum obtained surface heat transfer coefficient was 175.2 KWm-2K-1 in a heat sink having substrate material HfB2.

Investigation of Luminous/Nonluminous Radiation in a Vortex Engine

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. H. Saidi ◽  
M. Kargar ◽  
A. Ghafourian
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Outer Surface ◽  
Direct Contact ◽  
Radiative Heat ◽  
Radiation Heat Transfer ◽  
Axial Flow ◽  
Chamber Wall ◽  
Radiation Heat ◽  
Insulating Material ◽  
Quartz Window

Investigation of radiation heat transfer In vortex engine is an important and new phenomenon in combustion for scientists and combustion researchers. In this research some parts of the combustion chamber wall are insulated using Blanket as a high insulating material. The rate of radiative heat transfer to the chamber wall is calculated using temperature difference between inner and outer surface of chamber. In the experiments this parts are protected from direct contact with hot combustion media using quartz window. The luminous radiative transfer per volume of chamber and also volume of flame in a vortex engine are compared with that in a similar axial flow type engine. A detector sensitive to emission from C2* excited radically is utilized for the measurement of chemiluminescence emission at the centerline of chamber along all axial positions. The filtered photographs of flame are used to compare total C2* emission from flame.

scholarly journals A Theorem for Finding Maximum Temperature in Wet Grinding

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. González-Santander ◽  
G. Martín
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Heat Flux ◽  
Temperature Field ◽  
Integral Form ◽  
Stationary Regime ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Theoretical Computation ◽  
Constant Heat ◽  
Workpiece Surface

We consider the solutions found in the literature for heat transfer in surface grinding, assuming a constant heat transfer coefficient for the coolant acting on the workpiece surface and a constant or linear heat flux profiles entering into the workpiece. From the integral form of the time-dependent temperature field reached in the workpiece, assuming the previous conditions, we prove that the maximum temperature always occurs in the stationary regime on the workpiece surface within the contact zone between the wheel and the workpiece. This result assures a very rapid method for the theoretical computation of the maximum temperature.

Single Phase and Flow Boiling Heat Transfer of Water and Ethanol in a Mini-Channel Array

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. W. Alnaser ◽  
K. Spindler ◽  
H. Mu¨ller-Steinhagen
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Heat Flux ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Single Phase ◽  
Flow Boiling ◽  
Video Camera ◽  
Local Heat ◽  
Transfer Coefficients ◽  
Heat Transfer Coefficients ◽  
High Speed Video Camera

A test rig was constructed to investigate flow boiling in an electrically heated horizontal mini-channel array. The test section is made of copper and consists of twelve parallel mini-channels. The channels are 1 mm deep, 1 mm wide and 250 mm long. The test section is heated from underneath with six cartridge heaters. The channels are covered with a glass plate to allow visual observations of the flow patterns using a high-speed video-camera. The wall temperatures are measured at five positions along the channel axis with two resistance thermometers in a specified distance in heat flow direction. Local heat transfer coefficients are obtained by calculating the local heat flux. The working fluids are deionised water and ethanol. The experiments were performed under near atmospheric pressure (0.94 bar to 1.2 bar absolute). The inlet temperature was kept constant at 20°C. The measurements were taken for three mass fluxes (120; 150; 185 kg/m2s) at heat fluxes from 7 to 375 kW/m2. Heat transfer coefficients are presented for single phase forced convection, subcooled and saturated flow boiling conditions. The heat transfer coefficient increases slightly with rising heat flux for single phase flow. A strong increase is observed in subcooled flow boiling. At high heat flux the heat transfer coefficient decreases slightly with increasing heat flux. The application of ethanol instead of water leads to an increase of the surface temperature. At the same low heat flux flow boiling heat transfer occurs with ethanol, but in the experiments with water single phase heat transfer is still dominant. It is because of the lower specific heat capacity of ethanol compared to water. There is a slight influence of the mass flux in the investigated parameter range. The pictures of a high-speed video-camera are analysed for the two-phase flow-pattern identification.

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