Spray characterization of DMC and MeFo on multi-hole injectors for highly boosted DISI combustion engines

2021 ◽  
pp. 146808742110381
Author(s):  
Alexander Plaß ◽  
Malki Maliha ◽  
Heiko Kubach ◽  
Thomas Koch
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Dimethyl Carbonate ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Spray Angle ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Synthetic Fuels ◽  
Constant Volume Chamber

In the future, synthetic fuels could replace fossil fuels to minimize the CO2 emissions of combustion engines. Dimethyl carbonate (DMC) and methyl formate (MeFo) represent not only possible synthetic fuels but, due to their oxygen content, also have properties to reduce the pollutant emissions. For a good combustion process, the spray targeting and evaporation properties are important. Due to the less known injection behavior of DMC and MeFo, the spray characteristics were examined in a pressure chamber. The penetration depth, projected spray area, and spray angle were investigated at injection pressures of 100 and 200 bar, chamber pressures of 1 and 2.5 bar, and a temperature variation of up to 90°C for two different injector spray angles and flow rates in comparison with gasoline E5. The spray was recorded with a high-speed camera in a constant-volume chamber with a N2 environment. Both fuels showed a faster evaporation than E5 even with a higher injection mass due to their lower LHV. MeFo showed extreme spray collapse and flash boiling effects, which lead to even faster evaporation rates and higher penetration velocities.

Analysis of Micro-Explosion Phenomenon in a Constant Volume Chamber by Butanol-Biodiesel-Diesel Blend Fuel

2012 ◽  
Vol 443-444 ◽  
pp. 996-1006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Liu ◽  
Jun Li ◽  
Ying Gao ◽  
Xin Mei Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Constant Volume ◽  
Liquid Jet ◽  
Penetration Length ◽  
Temperature Conditions ◽  
Constant Volume Chamber ◽  
Jet Penetration

Different blend ratio of ternary component fuel was tested inside a constant volume chamber to investigate fuel injection and combustion under similar real engine working conditions. Because liquid spray light scattering is the different reflective rate from the liquid droplets and its surrounding background, butanol-biodiesel-diesel liquid jet penetration length can be highlighted in the images taken by high speed camera. Various ambient temperatures from 800K to 1200K and fuel composition were investigated. Measured results showed that sudden but repeatable drop of liquid jet penetration length at constant ambient temperature conditions of 800K and 900K. With ambient temperature increasing, this phenomenon became weak and disappeared. So more works focus on non-combusting experiments in order to delete combustion reflect. With butanol and biodiesel content increasing, micro explosion becomes prone excited and more violent because of the enlarged differences in volatilities and boiling point among the components. It is concluded that micro explosion which will distinctly enhances premixed combustion process and heat release rate but it present under certain initial ambient temperature conditions only and the light fuel content shouldn’t be lower than 10%.

REDUCING THE ADVERSE EFFECTS OF THE OPERATION OF GAS FIRED MELTING FURNACES ON THE ENVIRONMENT

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luboslav Straka ◽  
Tibor Krenicky
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Melting Furnace ◽  
Operating Mode ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Experimental Measurements ◽  
Global Concern ◽  
Overall Efficiency

Due to the growing production on a global scale, the use of fossil fuels is also increasing. Therefore, the control of pollutant emissions produced in the industrial sphere has become a global concern. In general, an imperfect combustion process has a negative impact on the overall efficiency and economy of plant operation, but at the same time increases the share of total emissions in the environment. We also encounter this problem when operating gas fired melting furnaces. Therefore, the paper aimed to describe the results of experimental measurements of the number of emissions produced during the operation of a gas fired melting furnace, which in practice is mainly used for melting alloys. Experimental measurements were oriented to find the most suitable variant of the operating mode of the gas fired melting furnace with regard to minimizing the total amount of emissions produced.

scholarly journals Alternative Fuels for Internal Combustion Engines

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 4086 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Martins ◽  
F. P. Brito
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Co2 Production ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Synthetic Fuels ◽  
Ic Engines

The recent transport electrification trend is pushing governments to limit the future use of Internal Combustion Engines (ICEs). However, the rationale for this strong limitation is frequently not sufficiently addressed or justified. The problem does not seem to lie within the engines nor with the combustion by themselves but seemingly, rather with the rise in greenhouse gases (GHG), namely CO2, rejected to the atmosphere. However, it is frequent that the distinction between fossil CO2 and renewable CO2 production is not made, or even between CO2 emissions and pollutant emissions. The present revision paper discusses and introduces different alternative fuels that can be burned in IC Engines and would eliminate, or substantially reduce the emission of fossil CO2 into the atmosphere. These may be non-carbon fuels such as hydrogen or ammonia, or biofuels such as alcohols, ethers or esters, including synthetic fuels. There are also other types of fuels that may be used, such as those based on turpentine or even glycerin which could maintain ICEs as a valuable option for transportation.

Analysis of the Flame Structure in a Trapped Vortex Combustor Using Low and High-Speed OH-PLIF

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pradip Xavier ◽  
Alexis Vandel ◽  
Gilles Godard ◽  
Bruno Renou ◽  
Frederic Grisch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Laser Diagnostics ◽  
Flame Structure ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
Lean Combustion ◽  
Stage Combustion ◽  
Trapped Vortex

Operating with lean combustion has led to more efficient “Low-NOx” burners but has also brought several technological issues. The burner design geometry is among the most important element as it controls, in a general way, the whole combustion process, the pollutant emissions and the flame stability. Investigation of new geometry concepts associating lean combustion is still under development, and new solutions have to meet the future pollutant regulations. This paper reports the experimental investigation of an innovative staged lean premixed burner. The retained annular geometry follows the Trapped Vortex Combustor concept (TVC) which operates with a two stage combustion chamber: a main lean flame (1) is stabilized by passing past a vortex shape rich-pilot flame (2) located within a cavity. This concept, presented in GT2012-68451 and GT2013-94704, seems to be promising but exhibits combustion instabilities in certain cases, then leading to undesirable level of pollutant emissions and could possibly conduct to serious material damages. No precise information have been reported in the literature about the chain of reasons leading to such an operation. The aim of this paper is to have insights about the main parameters controlling the combustion in this geometry. The flame structure dynamics is examined and compared for two specific operating conditions, producing an acoustically self-excited and a stable burner. Low and high-speed OH-PLIF laser diagnostics (up to 10 kHz) are used to have access to the flame curvature and to time-resolved events. Results show that the cavity jets location can lead to flow-field oscillations and a non-constant flame’s heat release. The associated flame structure, naturally influenced by turbulence is also affected by hot gases thermal expansion. Achieving a good and rapid mixing at the interface between the cavity and the main channel leads to a stable flame.

Analysis of the Combustion Process in a EURO III Heavy-Duty Direct Injection Diesel Engine

2002 ◽  
Vol 124 (3) ◽  
pp. 636-644 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Desantes ◽  
J. V. Pastor ◽  
J. Arre`gle ◽  
S. A. Molina
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Injection Pressure ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Injection Timing ◽  
Engine Operation ◽  
Operation Conditions ◽  
Representative Points

To fulfill the commitments of future pollutant regulations, current development of direct injection (DI) Diesel engines requires to improve knowledge on the injection/combustion process and the effect of the injection parameters and engine operation conditions upon the spray and flame characteristics and how they affect engine performance and pollutant emissions. In order to improve comprehension of the phenomena inherent to Diesel combustion, a deep experimental study has been performed in a single-cylinder engine with the main characteristics of a six-cylinder engine passing the EURO III legislation. Some representative points of the 13-mode engine test cycle have been considered modifying the nominal values of injection pressure, injection load, intake pressure, engine speed, and injection timing. The study combines performance and emissions experimental measurements together with heat release law (HRL) analysis and high-speed visualization. Controlling parameters for BSFC, NOx, and soot emissions are identified in the last part of the paper.

scholarly journals Maximizing the Productivity of a Gas Melting Furnace with Regard to the Ecological Efficiency of its Operation

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 292-297
Author(s):  
Ľuboslav Straka ◽  
Ján Piteľ ◽  
Peter Michalík ◽  
Matej Hrabčák
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Melting Furnace ◽  
Operating Mode ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Experimental Measurements ◽  
Melting Cycle ◽  
Air Intake ◽  
Global Concern ◽  
Combustion Systems

AbstractDue to the implementation of environmental regulations and the continual tightening up of the limits for pollutants in combustion systems, we are being forced to pay more attention to this area. A significant source of pollutants originating from the industry is, in particular, the formation of carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) in combustion systems with air intake. The control of pollutant emissions has become a global concern due to the worldwide increase in the use of fossil fuels. Besides the fact that the insufficient combustion process has a significant share of emissions in the environment, it also reduces the overall efficiency and economy of the operation using this energy source. We encounter this problem also in the operation of gas melting furnaces. Therefore, the aim of this paper was to describe the results of experimental measurements of the amount of emissions produced during the gas melting furnace KOV 010/1998 operation, which is in practice predominantly used for the melting of Aluminium alloys. Experimental measurements were performed to design the most appropriate operating mode variant of the melting furnace with regard to maximizing its productivity and at the same time to minimizing the total amount of emissions produced during one melting cycle.

PHYSICOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF BIODIESEL PRODUCTION FROM RICINUS COMMUNIS SEED OIL

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 404-410
Author(s):  
L. M. Mustapha ◽  
M. I. Shago ◽  
R. H. Burhanudden ◽  
G. Suleiman
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Ricinus Communis ◽  
Oil Quality ◽  
Physicochemical Analysis ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Tropical Climates

The global energy concern with the availability of recoverable fossil fuel reserves and the environmental problems caused by those fossil fuels, considerable attention has been given to biodiesel production as an alternative to petro diesel worldwide. In this research, the seed oil of Ricinus communis (castor bean) was investigated for its viability as a feedstock for biodiesel production. The oil was extracted from the seed using petroleum ether .The oil quality characteristics of the seed oil were; Acid values for both Ricinus communis oil  and biodiesel, 4.208 and3.93, and free fatty acids for both Ricinus communis and biodiesel were 1.2408 and 2.508, saponification value (SV) for both Ricinus communis and biodiesel,, 185.0 and 173.16, specific gravity (S.G) for both Ricinus communis and biodiesel, 0.976g/ml and 0.935g/ml. the PH value for both Ricinus communis and biodiesel, 6.67 and 6.8. Refractive index for both Ricinus communis and biodiesel, 1.37 and 1.191, moisture content of seed, 0.052. Colour for both and Ricinus communis oil and biodiesel is brown colour and amber colour, respectively. The oil was transesterified using methanol and concentrated sulphuric acid. And with other investigated oils from the literature and were found to fall within acceptable limits, this implies that Ricinus communis seed oil could be used as diesel in combustion engines in tropical climates like Nigeria.

scholarly journals Investigation on An Innovative Hydrocarbon Sensor for Real Drive Emissions

2021 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 39-49
Author(s):  
Muhammad Nor Azril Zulkafli ◽  
Norazlianie Sazali ◽  
Saiful Anwar Che Ghani ◽  
Maurice Kettner
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Limit Values ◽  
Strict Regulation ◽  
Measurement Concept ◽  
Light Duty Vehicles ◽  
Real Traffic

European law specifies limit values (and test methods) for pollutant emissions from light duty vehicles and heavy-duty engines including carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbons (HC), nitrogen oxide (NOx) and particulates, which are considered dangerous to human health. The internal combustion engines nowadays have strict regulation for emissions that resulted in the growth of demands for measuring methods and the measuring technology. WLTC is a new procedure that replaced the existing New European Diving Cycle (NEDC) to make the emissions become more effective when do the test in laboratory or in real traffic driving. The aim of this research is to investigate suitability of the sensor principle for HC measurement based on tests and their evaluations. The hydrocarbon sensor used to detect the HC by thermal ionization, which produces an ion current as the output voltage of the sensor. The results obtained by the ion measurement concept show that the optimization of the combustion process can be developed through simple mean.

Visual Spray and Evaporization Character of Biodiesel Blend Fuels in a Combustion Chamber

2011 ◽  
Vol 80-81 ◽  
pp. 654-660
Author(s):  
Yu Liu ◽  
Jun Li
Keyword(s):  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Premixed Combustion ◽  
Copper Vapor Laser ◽  
Diffusion Combustion ◽  
Penetration Length ◽  
Constant Volume Chamber ◽  
Fuel Evaporation ◽  
Measured Liquid

Different from traditional engine test, an optical constant volume chamber simulated HTHP ambient condition was employed by using biodiesel-diesel-butanol blends. With high-speed camera and synchronized copper vapor laser, recorded fuel spray and combustion process, measured liquid jet penetration length and heat release rate under variable ambient temperature and fuel composition conditions. With ambient temperature increasing, burn process converted from premixed combustion to diffusion combustion, and the micro-explosion became weak and disappeared. It was concluded that micro-explosion could occur under particular initial ambient temperature and specific blend ratio conditions for the biodiesel-diesel-butanol fuel, that will distinctly enhance fuel evaporation and premixed combustion process.

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