Analysis of cognitive states in response to stimuli from augmented reality applications for teaching physics

The scope of this article is to analyze the behavior of children’s brain waves in response to interaction with an augmented reality application that aims to support the concept of measurement in physics teaching. In particular, the analysis of brain waves is carried out through a brain-computer interface that measures 6 cognitive states such as engagement, interest, stress, focus, excitation, and relaxation. The method used to perform the analysis is carried out by means of electroencephalography, which is an electrophysiological process to record the electrical activity of the brain, and which is captured by means of sensors located on the scalp. Once the signals are captured, they are amplified, digitized, and stored in a computer for processing and analysis. Initially, electrical signals are recorded in response to a measurement stimulus with traditional methods and later with an augmented reality application stimulus. Among the most relevant findings, it was possible to establish that interest and commitment increase in response to the teaching method supported with an augmented reality application for the measurement concept with respect to the traditional teaching method. The use of vision technologies in teaching the concept of measurement improves cognitive states of interest, commitment and reduces the level of stress.

Motivational Reserve

Brain reserve (i.e., the ability of the brain to tolerate age- and disease-related changes in a way that cognitive function is still maintained) is assumed to be based on the lifelong training of various abilities. Motivational reserve (MR) is a form of brain reserve and can be defined as a set of motivational abilities that provide the individual with resilience to neuropathological damage. The first part of the chapter explains the term motivational processes and the model of MR and describes the measurement concept. The second part summarizes the results of several studies on the model of MR. For example, motivational abilities have been shown to be associated with a reduced risk of mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer disease (AD) in apolipoprotein E ɛ4 carriers, but not in noncarriers. Revealing the mechanisms underlying the association of motivational abilities and cognitive decline may lead to novel strategies for delaying the onset of AD symptoms.

Pengungkapan Aspek Matematis pada Aktivitas Etnomatematika Produksi Ecoprint di Butik El Hijaaz

AbstrakButik El Hijaaz merupakan pengrajin kain ecoprint di Tulungagung yang mengembangkan teknik ecoprint menggunakan bahan alam sebagai pewarna kain dan pencetak motif yang ramah lingkungan. Penelitian dilakukan untuk mengungkap aspek matematika yang terkandung dari proses pembuatan kain ecoprint, seperti membilang, mengukur, mendesain. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengungkap aspek-aspek matematis dan aktivitas-aktivitas fundamental matematis yang terdapat dalam aktivitas ecoprint di butik El Hijaaz Tulungagung. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode etnografi yakni observasi, wawancara, dokumentasi. Subjek penelitian yaitu karyawan butik dan pemilik Butik El Hijaaz. Lokasi penelitian yaitu di butik El Hijaaz Kabupaten Tulungagung. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa: 1) aktivitas fundamental yang ditemukan pada proses pembuatan kerajinan kain ecoprint di Galery El Hijaaz antara lain counting, measuring, design, locating, playing dan explaining. 2) Konsep matematis yang dapat diungkap adalah perbandingan, konversi waktu, konversi suhu, konsep membilang, himpunan, konsep pecahan, konsep pengukuran, refleksi, kesebangunan, kongruensi, program linier, aritmatika sosial. Disclosure of Mathematics Aspects on Ethnomathematics Activities of Ecoprint Production in El Hijaaz BoutiqueAbstractButik El Hijaaz is an ecoprint fabric craftsman in Tulungagung who develops ecoprint techniques using natural materials as fabric dyes and prints environmentally friendly motifs. The research was conducted to reveal the mathematical aspects contained in the process of making ecoprint fabrics, such as counting, measuring, designing. The purpose of this research is to reveal the mathematical aspects and mathematical fundamental activities contained in the ecoprint activity at El Hijaaz boutique Tulungagung. This study uses a qualitative approach with ethnographic methods namely observation, interviews, documentation. The research subjects are boutique employees and El Hijaaz Boutique owners. The research location is the El Hijaaz boutique, Tulungagung Regency. The results of the study show that: 1) the fundamental activities found in the process of making ecoprint fabrics at the El Hijaaz Gallery include counting, measuring, design, locating, playing and explaining. 2) Mathematical concepts that can be revealed are comparison, time conversion, temperature conversion, counting concept, set, fraction concept, measurement concept, reflection, similarity, congruence, linear program, social arithmetic.

Investigation on An Innovative Hydrocarbon Sensor for Real Drive Emissions

European law specifies limit values (and test methods) for pollutant emissions from light duty vehicles and heavy-duty engines including carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbons (HC), nitrogen oxide (NOx) and particulates, which are considered dangerous to human health. The internal combustion engines nowadays have strict regulation for emissions that resulted in the growth of demands for measuring methods and the measuring technology. WLTC is a new procedure that replaced the existing New European Diving Cycle (NEDC) to make the emissions become more effective when do the test in laboratory or in real traffic driving. The aim of this research is to investigate suitability of the sensor principle for HC measurement based on tests and their evaluations. The hydrocarbon sensor used to detect the HC by thermal ionization, which produces an ion current as the output voltage of the sensor. The results obtained by the ion measurement concept show that the optimization of the combustion process can be developed through simple mean.

ANALYSIS OF LEARNING DIFFICULTIES WITH FRACTIONS IN THREE AFRICAN COUNTRIES: FOCUSING ON THE SCOPE, SEQUENCE AND MODELS OF FRACTIONS

Purpose: This study aims to compare and analyze learning content with regard to fractions, the order in which that content is taught in primary school mathematics curricula, and how it is presented in textbooks in three eastern and southern African countries, Zambia, Ethiopia, and Mozambique as well as to clarify the characteristics of the instruction concerning fraction in each of these countries. Methodology: Firstly, we refer to the curriculum to extract information about the learning contents and their order in each grade. Secondly, concerning the meaning of fractions, we refer to the textbooks since we cannot clearly judge from the description in the curriculum. Thirdly, we focus on the common points and differences among the three countries and analyze the causes of difficulty in learning fractions. Findings: There is a significant discrepancy between the grades in learning fractions among the three countries. In addition, the learning order differs to a certain degree. A common feature of the three countries regarding the order is the multiplication and division of fractions. For all three countries, while the addition and subtraction of fractions and types of fractions are handled separately by different grades, the multiplication and division are all taught in one grade. Further, how the meaning of fractions is taught is common to all three countries. In all the countries, the part-whole concept of fractions is mainly employed, and the fraction as measurement concept is not taught at all. Unfortunately, since children learn without considering fractions as measurements, their understanding of fractions will be limited. Unique contribution to theory, practice, and policy: Regarding fraction, basic research on the teaching content and their order in African countries have not been conducted extensively. While improving the quality of education is a common goal globally, it is paramount to analyze the difficulty in learning fractions from the perspectives of the intended curriculum and textbook. The result will be the implication for revising the curriculum and suggestions for teaching fractions.

First gravity data aquired by the transportable absolute Quantum Gravimeter QG-1 employing collimated Bose-Einstein condensates

<p>The transportable Quantum Gravimeter QG-1 is designed to determine the local gravity to the nm/s² level of uncertainty. It relies on the interferometric interrogation of magnetically collimated Bose-Einstein condensates in a transportable setup consisting of a sensor head and an electronics supply unit.<br>In this contibution we introduce the measurement concept and discuss it's impact on the measurement uncertainty. We are reporting on the first gravity data taken with the device over the course of three days thereby validating the operability and the measurement concept applied in QG-1.<br>We acknowledge financial support from "Niedersachsisches Vorab" through "Förderung von Wissenschaft und Technik in Forschung und Lehre" for the initial funding of research in the new DLR-SI Institute. Funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) under Germany's Excellence Strategy - EXC-2123 QuantumFrontiers - 390837967 and under Project-ID 434617780 - SFB 1464.</p>

Ultra-high dynamic range quantum measurement retaining its sensitivity

Quantum sensors are highly sensitive since they capitalise on fragile quantum properties such as coherence, while enabling ultra-high spatial resolution. For sensing, the crux is to minimise the measurement uncertainty in a chosen range within a given time. However, basic quantum sensing protocols cannot simultaneously achieve both a high sensitivity and a large range. Here, we demonstrate a non-adaptive algorithm for increasing this range, in principle without limit, for alternating-current field sensing, while being able to get arbitrarily close to the best possible sensitivity. Therefore, it outperforms the standard measurement concept in both sensitivity and range. Also, we explore this algorithm thoroughly by simulation, and discuss the T−2 scaling that this algorithm approaches in the coherent regime, as opposed to the T−1/2 of the standard measurement. The same algorithm can be applied to any modulo-limited sensor.

Origin and Evolution of Conceptual Differences Between Two Measurement Theories

In several published literatures, some new measurement concepts have been proposed to reinterpret measurement theory, which leads to a new interpretation method of measurement theory. By directly comparing the measurement concept differences between the new theory and the traditional theory, this paper reveals that the root of these differences is due to the different understanding of the mathematical concept of random variable, and clarifies the evolution process of other conceptual differences. Also, by reviewing the mathematical concept, it points out that the traditional theory has been gone astray, and the concept of error classification is actually the product of going astray, while the new concept theory should get active attention and research.