The marijuana user in US news media: an examination of visual stereotypes of race, culture, criminality and normification

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-255
Author(s):  
Tara Marie Mortensen ◽  
Leigh Moscowitz ◽  
Anan Wan ◽  
Aimei Yang
Keyword(s):  
News Media ◽  
Political Ideology ◽  
Marijuana Use ◽  
The Political ◽  
Marijuana User ◽  
The Us ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Visual Framing ◽  
Political Spectrum ◽  
News Outlet

In the wake of growing legalization efforts, both medicinal and recreational marijuana use in the US is becoming more prevalent and societally acceptable. However, racial, criminal and cultural stereotypes linger in mediated visual portrayals. This study examines the extent to which mediated visual portrayals in mainstream news have been impacted by these recent legalization efforts. Employing a quantitative as well as a qualitative analysis of visual images used to represent marijuana use in mainstream news, this study draws upon the power of visual framing and the construction of social reality to examine how visual symbols and iconic signifiers are used to construct both stereotypical and ‘mainstreamed’ or ‘normative’ depictions of marijuana use. Analyzing 458 visuals across 10 different media outlets across the political spectrum, both before and after legalization of marijuana in Colorado, this study shows how news portrayals perpetuated stereotypes about marijuana users, particularly around criminality and pot-culture iconography. Relatively few depictions of marijuana users in the US are visuals of ordinary, ‘normal’ people or families. This study thus interrogates the relationship between representations of race, criminality and ‘pothead’ stereotypes associated with marijuana use, and how these visual representations differ amongst liberal and conservative news sites, finding that the political ideology of the news outlet largely influences the visual stereotyping of marijuana users. The study concludes by considering both the legal and cultural implications of how mainstream news visually represents marijuana use, considering how persistent decades-old representations were largely perpetuated rather than challenged in light of legalization efforts.

scholarly journals What is (un)fair? Political ideology and collective action

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 810-829 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gosia Mikołajczak ◽  
Julia C. Becker
Keyword(s):  
Collective Action ◽  
Political Ideology ◽  
Social Protest ◽  
The Political ◽  
The Us ◽  
Social Protests ◽  
Fairness Principles ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Political Spectrum

The established models predicting collective action have been developed based on liberal ideas of injustice perceptions showing that progressive collective action occurs when people perceive that the equality or need rule of fairness are violated. We argue, however, that these perceptions of injustice cannot explain the occurrence of social protests among Conservatives. The present work addresses one shortcoming in collective action research by exploring the interactive role of political ideology and injustice appraisals in predicting social protest. Specifically, we focused on injustice appraisals as a key predictor of collective action and tested whether the same or different conceptualizations of injustice instigate protest among Liberals versus Conservatives using data from two studies conducted in Germany (Study 1, N = 130) and in the US (Study 2, N = 115). Our findings indicate that injustice appraisals play an equally important role in instigating social protest both among Liberals and Conservatives. As we show, however, predicting collective action among individuals across the political spectrum requires accounting for ideological preferences for different fairness rules. Whereas Liberals are more likely to engage in protest when the equality and need rules are violated, Conservatives are more likely to protest when the merit rule is violated. We recommend that studies on collective action consider not only the strength of injustice appraisals but also their content, to assess which fairness principles guide one’s perceptions of (in)justice.

scholarly journals The Political Domain Appears Simpler to the Politically Extreme Than to Political Moderates

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 612-622 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joris Lammers ◽  
Alex Koch ◽  
Paul Conway ◽  
Mark J. Brandt
Keyword(s):  
Social Relationships ◽  
Political Ideology ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Sophistication ◽  
Personal Taste ◽  
Political Preference ◽  
Political Spectrum ◽  
Preference Study

How does political preference affect categorization in the political domain? Eight studies demonstrate that people on both ends of the political spectrum—strong Republicans and strong Democrats—form simpler and more clustered categories of political stimuli than do moderates and neutrals. This pattern was obtained regardless of whether stimuli were politicians (Study 1), social groups (Study 2), or newspapers (Study 3). Furthermore, both strong Republicans and strong Democrats were more likely to make inferences about the world based on their clustered categorization. This was found for estimating the likelihood that geographical location determines voting (Study 4), that political preference determines personal taste (Study 5), and that social relationships determine political preference (Study 6). The effect is amplified if political ideology is salient (Study 7) and remains after controlling for differences in political sophistication (Study 8). The political domain appears simpler to the politically extreme than to political moderates.

Knowledge about the nature of science increases public acceptance of science regardless of identity factors

2020 ◽  
pp. 096366252097770
Author(s):  
Deena Skolnick Weisberg ◽  
Asheley R. Landrum ◽  
Jesse Hamilton ◽  
Michael Weisberg
Keyword(s):  
Nature Of Science ◽  
Political Ideology ◽  
Political Orientation ◽  
Public Acceptance ◽  
The Political ◽  
Prior Work ◽  
Acceptance Of Evolution ◽  
The Us ◽  
Scientific Claims ◽  
Positive Effect

While people’s views about science are related to identity factors (e.g. political orientation) and to knowledge of scientific theories, knowledge about how science works in general also plays an important role. To test this claim, we administered two detailed assessments about the practices of science to a demographically representative sample of the US public ( N = 1500), along with questions about the acceptance of evolution, climate change, and vaccines. Participants’ political and religious views predicted their acceptance of scientific claims, as in prior work. But a greater knowledge of the nature of science and a more mature view of how to mitigate scientific disagreements each related positively to acceptance. Importantly, the positive effect of scientific thinking on acceptance held regardless of participants’ political ideology or religiosity. Increased attention to developing people’s knowledge of how science works could thus help to combat resistance to scientific claims across the political and religious spectrum.

Epilogue

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Rogers ◽  
Sal Hagen
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
The Political ◽  
Junk Food ◽  
Fake News ◽  
The Us ◽  
Political Spectrum

The publication of the study elicited reactions, especially on Twitter, where questions arose about the use of the notion of junk news, rather than ‘pulp news’, among other points. The analogy to junk food is emphasised. There was also the question of symmetry, and the treatment of both ends of the political spectrum. Why is the new populist right identified as the purveyors of extreme content? We found a polarised Dutch media landscape where hyperpartisan (and to a lesser extent conspiracy) content from new populist right (rather than the left or other orientations) circulates well on social media. Unlike in the US during the initial Trump insurgency, mainstream news in the Netherlands still outperforms what was hitherto known as ‘fake news’, across all platforms.

Voters’ Left–Right Perception of Parties in Contemporary Japan: Removing the Noise of Misunderstanding

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 114-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
HIROFUMI MIWA
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Political Ideology ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
The Political ◽  
Opinion Poll ◽  
New Parties ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
Survey Design And Analysis ◽  
Political Spectrum ◽  
Survey Responses

AbstractThe prevailing theory states that either Japanese voters have stopped ideologically distinguishing parties or that the main political parties in Japan have become more centrist in recent years. These arguments are based on survey questions asking citizens to locate parties on an ideological scale. However, these questions may suffer from noise caused by respondents who misinterpret the question wording or answer the questions inappropriately to mask their misunderstanding of the terms ‘left’ and ‘right’. To address this problem by extracting only the views of those who know the meaning of left–right terms, this article develops a mixture model. Applying the model to an opinion poll conducted after the 2012 Japanese general election, I confirm that those who comprehend the left–right terminology – slightly over half of all voters – largely perceived parties’ ideologies in the same way as experts. Additionally, I find that even these voters face difficulties in placing ambiguous or new parties on the political spectrum. This study has implications not only for understanding trends in Japanese political ideology, but also for survey design and analysis of heterogeneous survey responses.

Motivation and morality: Insights into political ideology

2014 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 316-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronnie Janoff-Bulman ◽  
Nate C. Carnes
Keyword(s):  
Social Justice ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Political Ideology ◽  
The Political ◽  
Social Cooperation ◽  
Past Work ◽  
Social Coordination ◽  
Regulatory Systems ◽  
Political Spectrum

AbstractOur past work linking motivation and morality provides a basis for understanding differences in political ideology and positions across the political spectrum. Conservatism is rooted in avoidance-based proscriptive morality, whereas liberalism is rooted in approach-based prescriptive morality. Two distinct, binding, group moralities reflect these different regulatory systems and emphasize social coordination through Social Order versus social cooperation through Social Justice.

scholarly journals Testing cognitive and interpersonal asymmetry vs. symmetry among voters in the 2020 Presidential primaries

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 592-607
Author(s):  
Jake Womick ◽  
Laura A. King
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Style ◽  
Political Ideology ◽  
Openness To Experience ◽  
The Political ◽  
Cognitive Rigidity ◽  
Presidential Primary ◽  
Candidate Support ◽  
The Asymmetry ◽  
Political Spectrum ◽  
Interpersonal Warmth

During the 2020 U.S. Presidential primary season, we measured candidate support and cognitive and interpersonal variables associated with political ideology among 831 U.S. participants. Cognitive style variables included openness to experience, active open-minded thinking, dogmatism, and preference for one right answer. Interpersonal variables were compassion and empathy. We modeled candidate support across the political spectrum, ranging from the most conservative to the most liberal (Trump, Bloomberg, Biden, Warren, Sanders), testing competing pre-registered predictions informed by the symmetry and asymmetry perspectives on political ideology. Specifically, we tested whether mean levels on the variables of interest across candidate supporters conformed to patterns consistent with symmetry (i.e., a curvilinear pattern with supporters of relatively extreme candidates being similar to each other relative to supporters of moderate candidates) vs. asymmetry (e.g., linear differences across supporters of liberal vs. conservative candidates). Results broadly supported the asymmetry perspective: Supporters of liberal candidates were generally lower on cognitive rigidity and higher on interpersonal warmth than supporters of conservative candidates. Results and implications are discussed.

Mass Dance

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire Warden
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Social Position ◽  
The Body ◽  
Early Years ◽  
The Political ◽  
Technological Innovations ◽  
Historical Events ◽  
The Us ◽  
Political Borders ◽  
Political Spectrum

The early years of the twentieth century saw a proliferation of mass spectacles and events on a grand scale with thousands of participants, which frequently included non-professional performers. These spectacles often re-enacted historical events (Paterson Strike Pageant, The Storming of the Winter Palace) or celebrated technological innovations or national achievements (18BL, Olympic Youth). Performances crossed both geographical and political borders, were encouraged by parties from across the political spectrum, and took place in a range of countries including Germany, Italy, Russia and the US. The aim of these mass spectacles was to unite a crowd, which could number in the thousands, behind a particular historical, political or social position or idea. By attempting to unite a majority, these performances often ignored, isolated or marginalized others. Dance and movement techniques were at the very forefront of this genre of performance. The body became a central motif, functioning as an emblem of political emancipation, ethnic superiority, nostalgic tradition and/or a mechanized symbol of modernity.

International tourism in North Korea: how, where and when does political ideology enter?

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 260-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yukang Wang ◽  
Anne Marie Van Broeck ◽  
Dominique Vanneste
Keyword(s):  
News Media ◽  
Political Ideology ◽  
North Korea ◽  
Political Influence ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
International Travel ◽  
International Tourism ◽  
The Political ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The North

Purpose In the recent decades, an increasing trend has been observed in the steps North Korea has taken to open up to tourism. The purpose of this paper is to gain a deeper understanding of the influence the North Korean political ideology has on different aspects of international tourism. Design/methodology/approach Apart from the scarce academic literature, news media and internet resources, fieldwork that includes interviews with two international travel companies and a trip to North Korea contributed to gathering information from different perspectives. Findings It is not surprising that North Korean tourism cannot be divorced from its political context. By looking at the political influence exerted by the North Korean Government on the structure of the industry, tourism policies applied to the organization of tours and the content of tourism and marketing, this paper shows the existence of elements that remained unchanged in the last three decades, as well as new liberal elements that transform North Korea into a more open and versatile tourism destination. Originality/value Based on an analysis of primary and secondary data, this paper makes original contributions to North Korea tourism studies by investigating the influence of the political ideology on different aspects of tourism industry and on tourist experience.

scholarly journals Ideology, policy decision-making and environmental impact in the face of the Coronavirus pandemic in the US

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Prieto-Rodriguez ◽  
Rafael Salas ◽  
Douglas Noonan ◽  
Francisco Tomas Cabeza-Martinez ◽  
Javier Ramos-Gutierrez
Keyword(s):  
Political Ideology ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Policy Decision ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Political ◽  
State Governments ◽  
Political Partisanship ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Face ◽  
The One

Covid-19 pandemic was a challenge for the health systems of many countries. It altered people's way of life and shocked the world economy. In the United States, political ideology has clashed with the fight against the pandemic. President Trump's denial prevailed despite the warnings from the WHO and scientists who alerted of the seriousness of the situation. Despite this, some state governments did not remain passive in the absence of federal government measures, and passed laws restricting mobility (lockdowns). Consequently, the political polarity was accentuated. On the one hand, the defenders of more severe public health measures and, on the other, the advocates of individual rights and freedom above any other consideration. In this study, we analyze whether political partisanship and the political ideology has influenced the way Covid-19 was handled at the outbreak. Specifically, we analyze by using a Diff-in-Diff model, whether the ideology of each state, measure at three levels, affected the decrease in the NO2 levels observed after the pandemic outbreak in the US. We distinguish three alternative post-Covid periods and results show that the State ideology has a robust negative impact on the NO2 levels. There is an important difference between Democratic and Republican states, not just in the scope and following-up of the mobility and activity restrictions, but also in the speed they implemented them.

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