scholarly journals Detection of Coagulase Activity in Pathogenic Candida Species

2008 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 1378-1382 ◽  
Author(s):  
N Yigit ◽  
AE Aktas ◽  
A Ayyildiz
Keyword(s):  
Human Plasma ◽  
Candida Species ◽  
Geotrichum Candidum ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Rabbit Plasma ◽  
Candida Spp ◽  
Tube Test

The coagulase activities of various Candida spp were assessed using a classical tube test. A total of 125 clinical Candida isolates representing eight species ( C. albicans, C. parapsilosis, C. tropicalis, C. glabrata, C. kefyr, Geotrichum candidum, C. krusei and C. guilliermondii) were incubated with rabbit, sheep or human plasma. After 24 h incubation, 29/64 (45.3%) C. albicans isolates and 23/61 (37.7%) non-albicans Candida strains were positive for coagulase in rabbit plasma, whereas 20/64 (31.2%) C. albicans and 6/61 (9.8%) non-albicans Candida isolates were positive for coagulase in sheep plasma. None of the tested Candida isolates reacted positively in human plasma. These results suggest that rabbit plasma is the most appropriate medium for detection of coagulase activity in Candida spp. Variations in coagulase production by Candida spp may be related to their pathogenicity. It is concluded that the laboratory detection of coagulase activity in clinical isolates of Candida spp may help the diagnosis of Candida-related infections.

scholarly journals COMPARISON BETWEEN FOUR USUAL METHODS OF IDENTIFICATION OF Candida SPECIES

2015 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 281-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margarida Neves SOUZA ◽  
Stéfanie Otowicz ORTIZ ◽  
Marcelo Martins MELLO ◽  
Flávio de Mattos OLIVEIRA ◽  
Luiz Carlos SEVERO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candida Species ◽  
Germ Tube ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Correct Identification ◽  
Kappa Index ◽  
Candida Spp ◽  
Chromogenic Medium ◽  
Tube Test ◽  
Automated Method ◽  
Manual Methods

SUMMARY Infection by Candidaspp. is associated with high mortality rates, especially when treatment is not appropriate and/or not immediate. Therefore, it is necessary to correctly identify the genus and species of Candida. The aim of this study was to compare the identification of 89 samples of Candida spp. by the manual methods germ tube test, auxanogram and chromogenic medium in relation to the ID 32C automated method. The concordances between the methods in ascending order, measured by the Kappa index were: ID 32C with CHROMagar Candida(κ = 0.38), ID 32C with auxanogram (κ = 0.59) and ID 32C with germ tube (κ = 0.9). One of the species identified in this study was C. tropicalis,which demonstrated a sensitivity of 46.2%, a specificity of 95.2%, PPV of 80%, NPV of 81.1%, and an accuracy of 80.9% in tests performed with CHROMagar Candida;and a sensitivity of 76.9%, a specificity of 96.8%, PPV of 90.9%, NPV of 91%, and an accuracy of 91% in the auxanogram tests. Therefore, it is necessary to know the advantages and limitations of methods to choose the best combination between them for a fast and correct identification of Candidaspecies.

Comparative Study of Proactivators of the Fibrinolysin System in Three Mammalian Species

1969 ◽  
Vol 21 (03) ◽  
pp. 594-603 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y Takada ◽  
A Takada ◽  
J. L Ambrus
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Human Plasma ◽  
Mammalian Species ◽  
Gel Filtration ◽  
Plasminogen Activators ◽  
The Other ◽  
Rabbit Plasma ◽  
Plate Test ◽  
Fibrin Plate

SummarySephadex gel filtration of human plasma gave results suggesting the presence of two proactivators of plasminogen, termed proactivators A and B.Activity resembling that of proactivator A was found in rabbit plasma, but not in guinea pig plasma.Plasminogen activators produced by the interaction of proactivator A of human plasma with streptokinase had no caseinolytic or TAMe esterolytic effect.Proactivator A can be separated in a form apparently free from plasminogen, as shown by the heated fibrin plate test and by immunological analysis. On the other hand, proactivator B concentrates prepared so far are contamined with plasminogen.Human proactivators appear to be far more susceptible to streptokinase than are rabbit proactivators.Inhibitors of the fibrinolysin system were observed in the plasmas of all 3 species. These inhibitors are not present in the euglobulin fraction of plasma. Sephadex fractionation of euglobulin fractions results in proactivator preparations that do not contain inhibitors.

Antibody to antihemophilic factor and its lack of reaction with hemophilic plasma

1965 ◽  
Vol 208 (3) ◽  
pp. 499-507 ◽  
Author(s):  
William D. McLester ◽  
Robert H. Wagner
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Human Plasma ◽  
Measurable Effect ◽  
Rabbit Plasma ◽  
Canine Plasma ◽  
Inhibitor Titer ◽  
Antihemophilic Factor ◽  
Immune Rabbit

A partially purified preparation of canine antihemophilic factor was obtained utilizing amino acids as precipitating agents. This AHF preparation was used as the antigen in an immunologic investigation of canine hemophilia. Plasma from rabbits immunized with this preparation contained antibodies which inhibited the coagulation of normal canine plasma. The immune rabbit plasma inhibited AHF activity but had no measurable effect on any other procoagulant. Neither canine hemophilic plasma nor fractions prepared from canine hemophilic plasma contained an antigen capable of neutralizing the inhibitor (no cross-reacting material). The inhibitor titer was inversely proportional to the amount of added AHF in the form of a fraction of normal canine plasma. The inhibitor cross-reacted with human plasma AHF, but not with porcine, bovine, or rabbit AHF. The results of these studies are interpreted as providing further evidence that hemophilia, specifically canine hemophilia, is due to the failure of production of the antihemophilic factor.

Comparison of the VITEK 2 antifungal susceptibility system with Etest using clinical isolates of Candida species

2017 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 171-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wadha Alfouzan ◽  
Tahani Al-Enezi ◽  
Ebteehal AlRoomi ◽  
Vayalil Sandhya ◽  
Rachel Chandy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candida Species ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Vitek 2

scholarly journals Candida spp. occurrence in oral cavities of breastfeeding infants and in their mothers' mouths and breasts

2003 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Stella Amorim da Costa Zöllner ◽  
Antonio Olavo Cardoso Jorge
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Candida Species ◽  
Statistical Difference ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Candida Spp ◽  
Lactating Women ◽  
Sabouraud Agar ◽  
Breastfed Infants ◽  
Yeast Strains

This study aimed to determine the occurrence of Candida spp. in the oral cavity of predominantly breastfed infants and in their mothers' mouths and breasts, as well as in the oral cavity of bottlefed infants and in non-lactating women. One hundred and sixty nine women and eighty-five milk-fed infants took part in this study and were divided into four groups: 1) infants predominantly on breastfeeding (n = 55) and their mothers (n = 55); 2) infants on bottlefeeding (n = 30); 3) non-lactating women on whom oral collections were performed (n = 80) and, 4) non-lactating women on whom breast collections were performed (n = 34). Oral and mammary swabs were cultured on Sabouraud agar dextrose with chloramphenicol. The Candida yeast strains found were isolated and identified through morphological and biochemical tests. Candida species were much less frequent in infants who were predominantly breastfed than in those who were bottlefed. Yeasts were much more frequent on the breasts of lactating women, with statistical difference in relation to the control group.

scholarly journals Isolation of Candida species in children and their biofilm-forming ability on nano-composite surfaces

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-52
Author(s):  
Harina Akila Che Hussin ◽  
Nadiah Arshad ◽  
Siti Nor Humaira Nor Azemi ◽  
Raja Izzatun Nisa Raja Sahrul Hishan ◽  
Wan Nur Fatihah Wan Mohd Kamaluddin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Buccal Mucosa ◽  
Candida Species ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Tooth Surface ◽  
Nano Composites ◽  
Candida Spp ◽  
Nano Composite ◽  
Tooth Surfaces

Candida species including Candida albicans, Candida krusei and Candida glabrata are opportunistic microorganisms that inhabit oral cavity. The objective of this study is to determine the effect of dental caries on Candida spp. biofilm-forming ability on nano- composite with the hypothesis that dental caries enhances the colonization of Candida spp. To assess Candida spp. colonisation in the oral cavity of the paediatric patient, samples were obtained from 30 subjects aged five to six years old from Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia. The samples were collected from buccal mucosa, palate and tooth surfaces using sterile swabs. 10 mL of patient’s saliva suspension was also collected. Following that, the samples were inoculated on CHROMagar and incubated for 24 h at 37 ºC. Candida biofilm of caries isolate C. albicans (HNFC2), and C. albicans ATCC 32354 were developed on three different types of nano-composites. The study showed that no C. albicans was isolated from the caries-free oral cavity while 76% of children with caries possessed Candida spp. 65% of the yeasts were isolated from the tooth surface. Only 35% of the total isolates were obtained from soft tissues, including palatal and buccal mucosa. C. albicans is the most isolated Candida spp. with 82% and 67% of the yeast were obtained from the tooth surface and buccal mucosa, respectively. Besides, HNFC2 significantly colonised the nano- composites more than the ATCC (P < 0.05). In the comparison of the three types of nano- composites, nano-hybrid-based containing pre-polymerised filler (cB) exhibited the least C. albicans HNFC2 cells colonisation with 7.7 x 10³ cells mL-1. In contrast, the nano-composite that contained bulk-filled nanohybrid (cC) was the most colonised with 14.3 x 10³ cells mL-1. In conclusion, dental caries enhances the colonization of Candida spp. in children's oral cavity, and that caries isolate form more biofilm on nano-composites compared to the lab strain C. albicans.

scholarly journals Susceptibility Pattern of Caspofungin-Coated Gold Nanoparticles against Clinically Important Candida Species

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahra Salehi ◽  
Azam Fattahi ◽  
Ensieh lotfali ◽  
Abdolhassan Kazemi ◽  
Ali Shakeri-Zadeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Candida Species ◽  
Spherical Shape ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Antifungal Drugs ◽  
Wall Structure ◽  
Candida Spp ◽  
Average Size

Purpose: The present study was performed to examine whether caspofungin-coated gold nanoparticles (CAS-AuNPs) may offer the right platform for sensitivity induction in resistant isolates. Methods: For the purpose of the study, a total of 58 archived Candida species were enrolled in the research. The identification of Candida spp. was performed using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism and HWP1 gene amplification approaches. The conjugated CAS-AuNPs were synthesized and then characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Zetasizer system to determine their morphology, size, and charge. Furthermore, the efficacy of CAS, CAS-AuNPs conjugate, and AuNPs against Candida spp. was assessed based on the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute M60. Finally, the interaction of CAS-AuNPs with Candida element was evaluated via scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results: According to the TEM results, the synthesized CAS-AuNPs had a spherical shape with an average size of 20 nm. The Zeta potential of CAS-AuNPs was -38.2 mV. Statistical analyses showed that CAS-AuNPs could significantly reduce the minimum inhibitory concentration against C. albicans (P=0.0005) and non-albicans Candida (NAC) species (P<0.0001). All isolates had a MIC value of ≥ 4 µg/ml for CAS, except for C. glabrata. The results of SEM analysis confirmed the effects of AuNPs on the membrane and cell wall structure of C. globrata exposed to CAS-AuNPs, facilitating the formation of pores on the cell wall and finally cell death. Conclusion: The findings revealed that CAS-AuNPs conjugates had significant antifungal effects against Candida spp. through the degradation of the membrane and cell wall integrity. Therefore, it can be concluded that the encapsulation of antifungal drugs in combination with NPs not only diminishes side effects but also enhances the effectiveness of the medications.

scholarly journals In vitro differential activity of phospholipases and acid proteinases of clinical isolates of Candida

2011 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 334-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aurean D'Eça Júnior ◽  
Anderson França Silva ◽  
Fernanda Costa Rosa ◽  
Sílvio Gomes Monteiro ◽  
Patrícia de Maria Silva Figueiredo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bovine Serum Albumin ◽  
Hydrolytic Enzymes ◽  
Egg Yolk ◽  
Acid Protease ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
In Vitro Activity ◽  
Normal Flora ◽  
Candida Spp ◽  
Favorable Conditions

INTRODUCTION: Candida yeasts are commensals; however, if the balance of normal flora is disrupted or the immune defenses are compromised, Candida species can cause disease manifestations. Several attributes contribute to the virulence and pathogenicity of Candida, including the production of extracellular hydrolytic enzymes, particularly phospholipase and proteinase. This study aimed to investigate the in vitro activity of phospholipases and acid proteinases in clinical isolates of Candida spp. METHODS: Eighty-two isolates from hospitalized patients collected from various sites of origin were analyzed. Phospholipase production was performed in egg yolk medium and the production of proteinase was verified in a medium containing bovine serum albumin. The study was performed in triplicate. RESULTS: Fifty-six (68.3%) of isolates tested were phospholipase positive and 16 (44.4%) were positive for proteinase activity. C. tropicalis was the species with the highest number of positive isolates for phospholipase (91.7%). Statistically significant differences were observed in relation to production of phospholipases among species (p<0,0001) and among the strains from different sites of origin (p=0.014). Regarding the production of acid protease, the isolates of C. parapsilosis tested presented a larger number of producers (69.2%). Among the species analyzed, the percentage of protease producing isolates did not differ statistically (χ2=1.9 p=0.5901 (χ2=1.9 p=0.5901). CONCLUSIONS: The majority of C. non-albicans and all C. albicans isolates were great producers of hydrolytic enzymes and, consequently, might be able to cause infection under favorable conditions.

scholarly journals Human Pathogenic Candida Species Respond Distinctively to Lactic Acid Stress

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 348
Author(s):  
Isabella Zangl ◽  
Reinhard Beyer ◽  
Ildiko-Julia Pap ◽  
Joseph Strauss ◽  
Christoph Aspöck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Carbon Source ◽  
Candida Species ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Phenotypic Variability ◽  
Acid Stress ◽  
Acid Tolerance ◽  
Candida Spp ◽  
Vaginal Tract ◽  
High Concentrations

Several Candida species are opportunistic human fungal pathogens and thrive in various environmental niches in and on the human body. In this study we focus on the conditions of the vaginal tract, which is acidic, hypoxic, glucose-deprived, and contains lactic acid. We quantitatively analyze the lactic acid tolerance in glucose-rich and glucose-deprived environment of five Candida species: Candidaalbicans, Candida glabrata, Candida parapsilosis, Candida krusei and Candida tropicalis. To characterize the phenotypic space, we analyzed 40–100 clinical isolates of each species. Each Candida species had a very distinct response pattern to lactic acid stress and characteristic phenotypic variability. C. glabrata and C. parapsilosis were best to withstand high concentrations of lactic acid with glucose as carbon source. A glucose-deprived environment induced lactic acid stress tolerance in all species. With lactate as carbon source the growth rate of C. krusei is even higher compared to glucose, whereas the other species grow slower. C. krusei may use lactic acid as carbon source in the vaginal tract. Stress resistance variability was highest among C. parapsilosis strains. In conclusion, each Candida spp. is adapted differently to cope with lactic acid stress and resistant to physiological concentrations.

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