scholarly journals Honest Signals of Status: Facial and Bodily Dominance Are Related to Success in Physical but Not Nonphysical Competition

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 147470491986316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tobias L. Kordsmeyer ◽  
Daniel Freund ◽  
Mark van Vugt ◽  
Lars Penke
Keyword(s):  
Body Height ◽  
High Status ◽  
Physical Discipline ◽  
Physical Strength ◽  
Moderating Variables ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Honest Signals ◽  
Status Seeking ◽  
Relevant Context ◽  
Physical Dominance

Recent studies suggest that both facial and bodily dominance promote high status positions and predict status-seeking behaviors such as aggression and social dominance. An evolutionarily relevant context in which associations between these dominance signals and status outcomes may be prevalent are face-to-face status contests. The present study examined whether facial and bodily dominance predicted success in dyadic competitions (one physical discipline, arm wrestling, and three nonphysical disciplines) in men ( N = 125) in a controlled laboratory setting. Men’s bodies and faces were independently rated for physical dominance, and associations of these ratings with contest outcomes as well as mediating and moderating variables (such as physical strength, body height, trait dominance, baseline and reactive testosterone) were examined. Both facial and bodily dominance positively predicted success in the physical discipline, mediated by physical strength, but not in the three nonphysical disciplines. Our findings demonstrate that facial and bodily physical dominance may be honest signals for men’s formidability and hence status potential, at least in a physically competitive context.

The propensity to business startup

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 263-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul Rahim Abu Bakar ◽  
Syed Zamberi Ahmad ◽  
Norman S. Wright ◽  
Hazbo Skoko
Keyword(s):  
Control Variable ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Future Research ◽  
High Status ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Moderating Variables ◽  
Social Legitimacy ◽  
Gender And Education ◽  
Business Startup ◽  
Determining Factors

Purpose The purpose of this study is to assess the determining factors of entrepreneurial business startup in Saudi Arabia from an eclectic perspective. Design/methodology/approach Based on Global Entrepreneurship Monitor data of 2000 Saudi Arabian respondents, the study analyzes a multitude of individual factors which are classified into four groups: financial resources; social legitimacy; entrepreneurial personality; and entrepreneurial competencies. Gender and education are moderating variables influencing the relationship, whereas age is a control variable using binary logistic regression technique. Findings Out of ten hypotheses, only four hypotheses, namely, income, fear of failure, perception of high status and knowledge of other entrepreneurs, have a significant relationship with the possibility of a business startup. Originality/value Implications of these findings and directions for future research are discussed.

scholarly journals A status-seeking account of psychological entitlement

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jens Lange ◽  
Liz Redford ◽  
Jan Crusius
Keyword(s):  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
Status Attainment ◽  
High Status ◽  
Total N ◽  
Psychological Entitlement ◽  
Malicious Envy ◽  
Affective Processes ◽  
Status Seeking

We propose that people high in entitlement are characterized by motivation to attain status. Five studies (total N = 2,372) support that entitlement promotes motivation to seek status. This motivation, in turn, relates to affective processes when facing upward comparisons and contributes to status attainment. Specifically, entitlement fostered prestige and dominance motivation. These, in turn, predicted greater benign and malicious envy, respectively, when encountering high-status others. The indirect effects occurred when entitlement was measured (Studies 1A and 1B) and manipulated (Study 2A and 2B). Finally, entitlement related to status attainment, yet not always in line with more entitled people’s motivation. Although they ascribed themselves both more prestige and dominance, others ascribed them only more dominance, yet less prestige (Studies 3A, 3B, and 3C). These findings suggest that a status-seeking account offers important insights into the complexities of entitled behavior and its social consequences.

scholarly journals Wireless Communication Management in Dance Skill Learning

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 224-227
Keyword(s):  
Online Learning ◽  
Mobile Technology ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Skill Learning ◽  
Virtual Space ◽  
Communication Management ◽  
Dance Class ◽  
Physical Strength ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Face To Face Learning

Developments in mobile technology today are also changing the pattern of learning. Accordingly, learning is not only concentrated in the classroom but can occur anywhere and anytime using mobile devices and supported with mobile technology. In addition, dance class learning is a limb movement that follows the rhythm of music. Learning dance skills requires physical strength to master the dance. Therefore, learning dance classes online through learning applications such as google meet is to identify dance capabilities during the implementation of learning in virtual space. This study is based on qualitative methods and quantitative methods. Questionnaires on 200 students were conducted as a complement to the study. Interviews with students were also conducted. The results of this study show that students do not show interest in learning dance online. Difficulty of students understanding and demonstrating the dance movements learned. The conclusion is that dance cannot be performed in online learning with the google meet application. On the other hand, dance learning is not feasible in online learning because there are barrier factors that restrict online dance learning due to the intermittent internet. Accordingly, dance is still relevant to conventional face-to-face learning in the classroom to produce skilled dancers.

scholarly journals Quality of life of postmenopausal women of Kaski district

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-49
Author(s):  
Dipti Koirala ◽  
Nirupa Thapa ◽  
Sarala Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Menopausal Symptoms ◽  
Physical Domain ◽  
Facial Hair ◽  
Physical Strength ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Descriptive Survey ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

Aim: To assess menopause specific quality of life of postmenopausal women. Method: This descriptive survey was carried out among postmenopausal women aged 40 to 60 years residing in a municipality of Kaski district of Nepal. Data was collected from 150 women meeting the criteria through face to face interview using a structured questionnaire consisting of socio-demographic items and Menopause-Specific Quality of Life (MENQOL) scale. Results: Respondents’ mean age and SD was 52.83±4.19 years and their mean menopausal age and SD was 47.12±4.34 years. The most common menopausal symptom reported by the respondents was decrease in physical strength (82.70%) and the least frequent symptom was increase in facial hair (7.40%). The mean scores and SD of MENQOL for physical, psychosocial, sexual and vasomotor domains were 1.67±0.42, 1.46±0.42, 1.31±0.47 and 1.27±0.57 respectively. Significant differences were detected in vasomotor, psychosocial and physical domain score according to physical activity, living status and body mass index respectively (p=0.05). Conclusions: Based on findings, it is concluded that all the postmenopausal women tend to have at least one or more menopausal symptoms. Physical domain is the most affected domain of QOL among the postmenopausal women. The presence of menopausal symptoms affects the quality of life of women adversely that warrants focused teaching and counselling. Keywords: menopause, menopausal symptoms and menopause specific quality of life

Cooperation Between Strangers in Face-to-Face Dyads Produces More Cardiovascular Activation Than Competition or Working Alone

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Sariñana-González ◽  
Ángel Romero-Martínez ◽  
Luis Moya-Albiol
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Social Interaction ◽  
Social Engagement ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Simple Task ◽  
Moderating Variables ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
And Gender

Abstract. Individual and shared goals can be achieved through social interpersonal interaction, cooperation and competition being two different yet similar strategies to reach such aims and objectives. Nevertheless, there is a gap in the literature analyzing the effect of these types of social interactions, especially in cooperation, on autonomic nervous system responses using noninvasive measures, such as heart rate (HR). The regulation of HR and other cardiovascular variables of the central nervous system offers information about how to encourage or discourage social engagement and prosocial behaviors. In fact, a more flexible engagement with the environment and efficient emotions regulation is enabled by an efficient cardiac control. Hence, the main aim of this study was to investigate heart rate variability (HRV) in strangers (180 healthy young participants) who were set to cooperate or compete in face-to-face dyads (between same-gender participants) or to work alone (as the control condition), considering outcomes in these tasks (positive or negative) and gender as moderating variables. We found that participants who cooperated had higher HRs and lower high frequency (HF) HRV than those who competed and/or worked alone. Regarding gender and outcome, men who cooperate and lose have lower HF-HRV levels than men on the simple task with negative outcomes. Hence, our study indicates that cooperation between strangers in face-to-face dyads may produce less parasympathetic activation than competition or working on the task without any social interaction. Research in this field may help us understand the psychophysiological basis of social interaction, providing an opportunity to establish interaction strategies that would be physiologically desirable, in order to promote well-being.

scholarly journals Hiding Traces of Status Seeking: Contradictory Tagging Strategies on Instagram

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 205630512093731
Author(s):  
Floor Fiers
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Content Analysis ◽  
Random Sample ◽  
Digital Age ◽  
First Century ◽  
High Status ◽  
Self Presentation ◽  
Status Seeking ◽  
Twenty First Century

The prevailing presence of social media in the twenty-first century has changed processes of self-presentation. This study questions how Instagram users employ the platform’s tagging features to claim and seek status. Content analysis on a random sample of 787 posts carrying the hashtag “instagood” revealed that they utilize the tagging affordances to make their audience aware of their capital. In addition to displaying their capital through tags, however, users employ hashtags and account tags to increase their visibility on the platform. Interestingly, analysis shows the prevalence of attempts to conceal these obvious paratextual status-seeking strategies. Over half of the Instagram posts in the sample showed traces of the creators taking active steps to hide their use of like-hunter hashtags, through which users explicitly ask other Instagrammers for likes and follows. This finding builds upon Marwick’s concept of aspirational production: The perfecting of one’s online presentation does not only happen by producing a high-status image, but also by concealing the “inauthentic” nature of this production. Furthermore, the fact that traces of obvious status seeking can be found online implies that the lines between Goffman’s front- and backstage are blurred in the digital age.

scholarly journals Assessment of healthy students' locomotion in a wheelchair

2013 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 243-248
Author(s):  
Michał Wychowański ◽  
Ryszard Biernat ◽  
Agnieszka Witke
Keyword(s):  
Grip Strength ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Life Quality ◽  
Middle Phalanx ◽  
Anthropometric Parameters ◽  
Physical Strength ◽  
Left Hand ◽  
Physiotherapy Student ◽  
Propulsion Force ◽  
Static Conditions

Abstract Introduction.Efficient locomotion in a wheelchair is of great importance for the life quality of people with diseases that make them unable to walk, and also in many sport disciplines for the handicapped. The aim of this study was to compare the grip strength with the force of propulsion of a constrained wheelchair for different positioning of the hand on the wheel, and to observe the influence of grip strength and static propulsion force of the wheelchair on the results of a test ride on a given box-shaped path. Materials and methods. 84 healthy subjects took part in the test (52 female and 32 male), each being a Physiotherapy student of the Joseph Rusiecki Academy in Olsztyn. The grip strength measurement was conducted using a tensometric dynamometer in a sitting position. The propelling force was measured in static conditions with a dynamometer in three different hand positions on the push rim. The ability to move efficiently on a wheelchair was assessed on a “box” shaped track with measured completion times. Results. It was observed that women have lower grip strength of both hands than men and that their middle phalanx is shorter. In both groups a significant correlation was observed between grip strength and anthropometric parameters: body height, body weight, length of middle phalanx and between grip strength of the left and right hands. It has been found that grip strength is significantly correlated with the propulsion force of the wheelchair in almost all positions of the hand on the wheel. There was no significant correlation between the force generated with the left hand on the middle of the rim and the grip strength measured with a dynamometer. Men also achieved better results during the “box” test. A significant positive correlation was observed between body mass of both male and female subjects and the time of completing the “box” test. No correlation was found between the time of completing the “box” test and the propulsion force measured in constrains. Conclusions. Men achieve higher values of propulsion force than women in all cases of hand positioning on the wheel. Both men and women achieve highest values of propulsion force when positioning the hands in front of the rim. In all measured positions the average propulsion force was higher for men. In the case of healthy people who are not accustomed to using a wheelchair, the time of completing the “box” test depended mostly on their technical abilities and not their physical strength.

scholarly journals Konstruksi Laki-Laki Indonesia Dalam Iklan Kuku Bima Ener-G! ‘Jigojagajig’

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Indah Wenerda
Keyword(s):  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
Critical Discourse Analysis ◽  
Critical Discourse ◽  
Global Environment ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Physical Strength ◽  
The Public ◽  
Research Theme ◽  
Relevant Context ◽  
Public Audience

This research theme is a nationality associated construction into Indonesian Men on advertising Kuku Bima Ener-G!. This study was conducted to determine how and what are the practices that have been done ads producers when presenting the ads as a cultural product to the public audience. This study used critical discourse analysis methods, to obtain the data, carried out through an existing image in the ads. Image translates to obtain perceptions to be conveyed producers to consumers. This perception can be described, in turn were associated with how the perception of the image is related to a discourse on the global environment to determine the relevant context. Ad Kuku Bima Ener-G 'Jigojagajig' describes how the construction of Indonesian Men through visualization. Indonesian Men demonstrated through work always rely on physical strength. Meanwhile, when an ad is displayed on the screen, the era of masculinity has been in an era where masculinity is not only demonstrate their physical strength (still conventional masculine). But in the concept of modern masculinity, can also show softness possessed by men addition to the above findings, there is also a depiction of crippled in positioning of men and Women Keywords : Construction, Man, Ads, Visualitaion, Masculine        ABSTRAK Penelitian ini mengangkat tema kebangsaan dikaitkan konstruksi menjadi laki-laki Indonesia pada iklan Kuku Bima Ener-G!. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui bagaimana dan apa saja praktek-praktek yang telah dilakukan produsen iklan ketika mempersembahkan iklan tersebut sebagai produk budaya kepada khalayak masyarakat. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode analisis wacana kritis, untuk memperoleh data, dilakukan melalui gambar yang ada dalam iklan, gambar diterjemahkan untuk memperoleh persepsi-persepsi yang ingin disampaikan produsen kepada konsumen, persepsi ini dapat dideskripsikan, selanjutnya dikaitkan dengan bagaimana persepsi gambar tersebut mempunyai relasi dengan wacana yang ada di lingkungan secara global untuk mengetahui konteks yang relevan. Iklan Kuku Bima Ener-G! ‘Jigojagajig’ menggambarkan bagaimana konstruksi laki-laki Indonesia melalui visualisasinya. Laki-laki Indonesia diperlihatkan melalui pekerjaan yang selalu mengandalkan kekuatan fisik. Sementara ketika iklan ini dipertunjukkan di layar kaca, era maskulinitas telah berada pada era yang mana maskulinitas tidak hanya memperlihatkan kekuatan fisik semata (masih maskulin yang konvensional). Melainkan dalam konsep maskulinitas moderen, juga dapat memperlihatkan kelembutan yang dimiliki oleh laki-laki Selain temuan di atas, juga terdapat penggambaran yang timpang dalam pemosisian laki-laki dan perempuan. Kata Kunci : Konstruksi, Laki-laki, Iklan, Visualisasi, Maskulin

scholarly journals The Causal Effect of Testosterone on Men’s Competitive Behavior is Moderated by Basal Cortisol and Cues to an Opponent’s Status: Evidence for a Context-Dependent Dual Hormone Hypothesis

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik L Knight ◽  
Pablo Morales ◽  
Colton Christian ◽  
William Harbaugh ◽  
Pranjal Mehta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Performance Feedback ◽  
Causal Effect ◽  
High Status ◽  
Competitive Behavior ◽  
Opposite Pattern ◽  
Testosterone Treatment ◽  
Basal Cortisol ◽  
Status Seeking ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Context Dependent

Testosterone has been theorized to direct status-seeking behaviors, such as competitive decision-making. However, individual differences in basal cortisol and cues that signal an opponent’s status (an opponent’s gender or a prior win/loss in a competition) may moderate testosterone’s relationship with status-seeking behavior. This experiment (n = 115) examines the causal effect of testosterone treatment on men’s competitive behavior before and after receiving relative performance feedback (i.e. win/loss feedback) in mixed-gender math competitions, while also accounting for the moderating role of endogenous basal cortisol. Men given testosterone treatment who had high basal cortisol showed an increased tendency to compete against female opponents and avoid competition against male opponents; men given testosterone treatment who had low basal cortisol showed the opposite pattern (OR = 2.54, 95%CI [1.47, 4.37], p<.001). After providing trial-by-trial feedback, men given testosterone who had high basal cortisol re-entered competitions against low status opponents (prior losers) and avoided competition against high status opponents (prior winners); men given testosterone who had low basal cortisol preferred to re-enter competitions against high status opponents (prior winners) and avoid low status opponents (prior losers; OR = 10.21, [1.84, 56.54], p = .008). These results provide experimental support for a context-dependent dual hormone hypothesis: Testosterone flexibly directs men’s competitive behavior contingent on basal cortisol levels and cues that signal an opponent’s status.

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