Research on the safe distance between passing ship and offshore drilling platform based on theory and statistics

2020 ◽  
Vol 234 (3) ◽  
pp. 642-650
Author(s):  
Haibo Xie ◽  
Zhengjiang Liu ◽  
Xingkang Xu ◽  
Jiping Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Statistical Correlation ◽  
Automatic Identification ◽  
Identification System ◽  
Safe Distance ◽  
Offshore Drilling ◽  
Oil And Gas Exploration ◽  
Safe Navigation ◽  
Drift Model ◽  
Calculation Results

The offshore drilling platform is the main equipment for oil and gas exploration. The increase in offshore drilling platform results in the apparently increased contradiction between oilfield exploitation and safe navigation of ships. In order to ensure safe navigation and the normal exploitation of oil and gas fields in a limited space, it is necessary to quantify the distance between ships and coastal drilling platforms. In this investigation, the relevant theoretical calculation models were developed, including a drift model for ship out of control and a ship emergency stopping model. By selecting appropriate ship samples, theoretical safe distances under different models can be obtained. With the use of statistical correlation theory based on the Automatic Identification System data of ship, the safe distance between passing ship and platform was further studied. Finally, the recommended safe distance in different waters was summarized by comparing different model calculation results and data statistics results. Research results are beneficial for the safety of ship navigation, safe operation of the platform, and the revision of relevant standards.

Securing the Automatic Identification System (AIS): Using public key cryptography to prevent spoofing whilst retaining backwards compatibility

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Gareth Wimpenny ◽  
Jan Šafář ◽  
Alan Grant ◽  
Martin Bransby
Keyword(s):  
Data Exchange ◽  
Situational Awareness ◽  
Public Key Cryptography ◽  
Satellite System ◽  
Public Key ◽  
Automatic Identification ◽  
Identification System ◽  
Automatic Identification System ◽  
Safe Navigation ◽  
Global Navigation Satellite

Abstract The civilian Automatic Identification System (AIS) has no inherent protection against spoofing. Spoofed AIS messages have the potential to interfere with the safe navigation of a vessel by, amongst other approaches, spoofing maritime virtual aids to navigation and/or differential global navigation satellite system (DGNSS) correction data conveyed across it. Acting maliciously, a single transmitter may spoof thousands of AIS messages per minute with the potential to cause considerable nuisance; compromising information provided by AIS intended to enhance the mariner's situational awareness. This work describes an approach to authenticate AIS messages using public key cryptography (PKC) and thus provide unequivocal evidence that AIS messages originate from genuine sources and so can be trusted. Improvements to the proposed AIS authentication scheme are identified which address a security weakness and help avoid false positives to spoofing caused by changes to message syntax. A channel loading investigation concludes that sufficient bandwidth is available to routinely authenticate all AIS messages whilst retaining backwards compatibility by carrying PKC ‘digital signatures’ in a separate VHF Data Exchange System (VDES) side channel.

scholarly journals Maritime Lighthouses in the Republic of Croatia – Safety of Navigation and/or Tourist Attraction

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatjana Stanivuk ◽  
Ivan Juričević ◽  
Jelena Žanić Mikuličić
Keyword(s):  
Market Research ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Automatic Identification ◽  
Identification System ◽  
Tourist Attraction ◽  
Primary Role ◽  
Safe Navigation ◽  
Remote Control System ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Increasing Demand

The lighthouses are the most important navigation aids enabling safe navigation. Today, in the Republic of Croatia there are 46 maritime lighthouses in function. All the lighthouses are automated and controlled through the remote control system. In the Republic of Croatia, Plovput company is responsible for their maintenance. In recent years maritime lighthouses have increasingly been used for tourism. Still, their primary role has not been forgotten. The proof of this is the incorporation of the Automatic Identification System (AIS) in the lighthouses, raising the safety of navigation to a higher level. Interesting has been the market research in recent years, since there has been an increasing demand for lighthouses as tourist facilities. This is of great importance, as it provides additional financial resources for their maintenance. Unfortunately, the statistical data on renting and the availability of accommodation capacities indicates that there is space for improvement.

Verification of AIS Data by using Video Images taken by a UAV

2019 ◽  
Vol 72 (06) ◽  
pp. 1345-1358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fan Zhou ◽  
Shengda Pan ◽  
Jingjing Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Automatic Identification ◽  
Identification System ◽  
Target Image ◽  
Inland Waterways ◽  
Safe Navigation ◽  
Traffic Regulation ◽  
Video Images ◽  
Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Positioning Algorithm ◽  
Vibe Algorithm

Effective technical methods for verifying the authenticity and accuracy of Automatic Identification System (AIS) data, which are important for safe navigation and traffic regulation, are still lacking. In this study, we propose a new method to verify AIS data by using video images taken by an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV). An improved ViBe algorithm is used to extract the ship target image from the video images and the ship's spatial position is calculated using a monocular target-positioning algorithm. The positioning results are compared with the position, speed and course data of the same ship in AIS, and the authenticity and accuracy of the AIS data are verified. The results of the experiment conducted in the inland waterways of Huangpu River in Shanghai, China, show that AIS signals can be automatically checked and verified by a UAV in real time and can thus improve the supervision efficiency of maritime departments.

scholarly journals Low Cost Ais System for Safe Navigation

2008 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 235-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maciej Gucma
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Limited Range ◽  
Automatic Identification ◽  
Identification System ◽  
Automatic Identification System ◽  
Small Vessels ◽  
Safe Navigation ◽  
Navigational Aid ◽  
Transfer Of Information

Low Cost Ais System for Safe Navigation Automatic Identification System (AIS) ensures automatic transfer of information between sea going vessels and land based monitoring centers. AIS transceivers are obligatory on board vessels of 300 gross register tones and over. System supports safe navigation at confined and open areas, whilst on the former mentioned is especially helpful due to limited range of radar. Article presents low cost AIS system for small vessels and leisure crafts where AIS is not obligatory but might be valuable navigational aid. Some aspects concerning accuracy are presented as well.

scholarly journals AIS Data Vulnerability Indicated by a Spoofing Case-Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 5015
Author(s):  
Andrej Androjna ◽  
Marko Perkovič ◽  
Ivica Pavic ◽  
Jakša Mišković
Keyword(s):  
Situational Awareness ◽  
Automatic Identification ◽  
Identification System ◽  
Maritime Industry ◽  
Position Information ◽  
Safe Navigation ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Source Of Information

This paper takes a close look at the landscape of the Automatic Identification System (AIS) as a major source of information for maritime situational awareness (MSA) and identifies its vulnerabilities and challenges for safe navigation and shipping. As an important subset of cyber threats affecting many maritime systems, the AIS is subject to problems of tampering and reliability; indeed, the messages received may be inadvertently false, jammed, or intentionally spoofed. A systematic literature review was conducted for this article, complemented by a case study of a specific spoofing event near Elba in December 2019, which confirmed that the typical maritime AIS could be easily spoofed and generate erroneous position information. This intentional spoofing has affected navigation in international waters and passage through territorial waters. The maritime industry is neither immune to cyberattacks nor fully prepared for the risks associated with the use of modern digital systems. Maintaining seaworthiness in the face of the impact of digital technologies requires a robust cybersecurity framework.

scholarly journals Monitoring sea surface oil slicks; a combined approach using advances in satellite radar, AIS and Metocean information

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (1) ◽  
pp. 685396
Author(s):  
Will Jeffery ◽  
Claire Roberts ◽  
Zhelini Sivanesan
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Oil Pollution ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Satellite Monitoring ◽  
Automatic Identification ◽  
Identification System ◽  
Business Applications ◽  
Oil Spill Response ◽  
Satellite Radar ◽  
Oil And Gas Companies

Abstract In recent decades, industrial activity in the marine environment has dramatically increased. Dense offshore infrastructure combined with an increase in shipping activity creates a complex blend of potential oil pollution and environmental risk. Over the last year, CGG Satellite Mapping, supported by the European Space Agency's business applications, Oil Spill Response Limited and key oil and gas companies, created and managed a SeaScope monitoring demonstration service. SeaScope confirms the presence or absence of slicks around infrastructure; reports on the integrity of operations based on slicks observed; identifies the potential origins of pollution slicks or permitted discharge; and has the ability to distinguish between pollution and natural seepage by using routine satellite monitoring. This paper describes how advances in Earth observation radar combined with AIS (Automatic Identification System), metocean data and experts trained in the interpretation of offshore satellite imagery, can be used to regularly monitor sea surface oil slicks and notify offshore operators of anomalous events within the vicinity of offshore infrastructure and high density shipping areas.

scholarly journals Dual gradient drilling: a pilot test of decanter centrifuge for CAPM technology

2021 ◽  
pp. 70-79
Author(s):  
R. I. Ganiev ◽  
◽  
Luc Deboer ◽  
A. H. Agliullin ◽  
R. A. Ismakov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Offshore Drilling ◽  
Oil And Gas Exploration ◽  
Deepwater Drilling ◽  
Well Design ◽  
Managed Pressure Drilling ◽  
Drilling Technology ◽  
Different Depths ◽  
Dual Gradient ◽  
Decanter Centrifuge

The article is about problem of drilling deepwater oil and gas wells that consists in complicating and increasing cost of their well design due to narrowing mud window at different depths. The authors analyse drilling technology developed and applied in practice of offshore drilling with a dual gradient drilling, which allows drilling significant intervals without overlapping an intermediate casing string. Based on analysis of these technologies and taking into account their disadvantages the authors proposed and tested a new drilling technology of dual gradient drilling with placement of all necessary innovative equipment on drilling platform. Keywords: managed pressure drilling; deepwater drilling; offshore drilling; dual gradient drilling; riser; oil and gas exploration in sea.

scholarly journals Effect of Seasonal Flow Field on Inland Ship Emission Assessment: A Case Study of Ferry

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (18) ◽  
pp. 7484
Author(s):  
Hongxun Huang ◽  
Chunhui Zhou ◽  
Changshi Xiao ◽  
Liang Huang ◽  
Yuanqiao Wen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Field ◽  
Automatic Identification ◽  
Identification System ◽  
Estimation Model ◽  
Ship Emissions ◽  
Seasonal Flow ◽  
Improve Calculation ◽  
Calculation Results ◽  
Emission Estimation

The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the effect of the seasonal flow field on inland ship emissions and to improve calculation accuracy. Firstly, the flow field model is built through numerical simulation to correct the sailing speed of the ship from the Automatic Identification System (AIS) information in real-time. Then, an optimal emission estimation model for inland ships considering flow field factors is proposed. Finally, the effectiveness of the optimization model is demonstrated by a case study, and the influence of the seasonal flow field on emission calculation is analyzed. It indicates that the calculation results of the model considering the influence of the flow field are more accurate. Without considering the flow field, the results of emission calculations are often underestimated, especially in summer, which shows the importance of incorporating the flow field factors into the calculation of inland ship emissions.

Drilling and Service Contracts in Offshore Oil and Gas Operations

1973 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 480
Author(s):  
J. M. Killey
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Oil Industry ◽  
Offshore Drilling ◽  
Oil Companies ◽  
Drilling Rig ◽  
Service Contracts ◽  
Oil And Gas Operations ◽  
Offshore Oil And Gas ◽  
Offshore Oil ◽  
Offshore Operations

As onshore oil and gas deposits are becoming more difficult to locate, and as the world demands for energy continue to increase at an alarming rate, oil companies are channeling much of their exploration activities towards offshore operations, and in particular, towards operations centered off Canada's coast lines. Because of the environment, offshore drilling presents problems which are novel to the onshore-geared oil industry. J. M. Killey discusses in detail many of the considerations involved in drafting the offshore drilling contract, concentrating on problems such as the liability of the various parties; costs; scheduling; pollution; conflict of laws; etc. Similarly, he discusses service contracts (such as supply boat charters; towing services; helicopter services; etc.^ which are necessity to the operation of an offshore drilling rig. To complement his paper, the author has included number of appendices which list the various considerations lawyer must keep in mind when drafting contracts for offshore operations.

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