scholarly journals Maritime Lighthouses in the Republic of Croatia – Safety of Navigation and/or Tourist Attraction

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatjana Stanivuk ◽  
Ivan Juričević ◽  
Jelena Žanić Mikuličić
Keyword(s):  
Market Research ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Automatic Identification ◽  
Identification System ◽  
Tourist Attraction ◽  
Primary Role ◽  
Safe Navigation ◽  
Remote Control System ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Increasing Demand

The lighthouses are the most important navigation aids enabling safe navigation. Today, in the Republic of Croatia there are 46 maritime lighthouses in function. All the lighthouses are automated and controlled through the remote control system. In the Republic of Croatia, Plovput company is responsible for their maintenance. In recent years maritime lighthouses have increasingly been used for tourism. Still, their primary role has not been forgotten. The proof of this is the incorporation of the Automatic Identification System (AIS) in the lighthouses, raising the safety of navigation to a higher level. Interesting has been the market research in recent years, since there has been an increasing demand for lighthouses as tourist facilities. This is of great importance, as it provides additional financial resources for their maintenance. Unfortunately, the statistical data on renting and the availability of accommodation capacities indicates that there is space for improvement.

Securing the Automatic Identification System (AIS): Using public key cryptography to prevent spoofing whilst retaining backwards compatibility

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Gareth Wimpenny ◽  
Jan Šafář ◽  
Alan Grant ◽  
Martin Bransby
Keyword(s):  
Data Exchange ◽  
Situational Awareness ◽  
Public Key Cryptography ◽  
Satellite System ◽  
Public Key ◽  
Automatic Identification ◽  
Identification System ◽  
Automatic Identification System ◽  
Safe Navigation ◽  
Global Navigation Satellite

Abstract The civilian Automatic Identification System (AIS) has no inherent protection against spoofing. Spoofed AIS messages have the potential to interfere with the safe navigation of a vessel by, amongst other approaches, spoofing maritime virtual aids to navigation and/or differential global navigation satellite system (DGNSS) correction data conveyed across it. Acting maliciously, a single transmitter may spoof thousands of AIS messages per minute with the potential to cause considerable nuisance; compromising information provided by AIS intended to enhance the mariner's situational awareness. This work describes an approach to authenticate AIS messages using public key cryptography (PKC) and thus provide unequivocal evidence that AIS messages originate from genuine sources and so can be trusted. Improvements to the proposed AIS authentication scheme are identified which address a security weakness and help avoid false positives to spoofing caused by changes to message syntax. A channel loading investigation concludes that sufficient bandwidth is available to routinely authenticate all AIS messages whilst retaining backwards compatibility by carrying PKC ‘digital signatures’ in a separate VHF Data Exchange System (VDES) side channel.

Verification of AIS Data by using Video Images taken by a UAV

2019 ◽  
Vol 72 (06) ◽  
pp. 1345-1358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fan Zhou ◽  
Shengda Pan ◽  
Jingjing Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Automatic Identification ◽  
Identification System ◽  
Target Image ◽  
Inland Waterways ◽  
Safe Navigation ◽  
Traffic Regulation ◽  
Video Images ◽  
Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Positioning Algorithm ◽  
Vibe Algorithm

Effective technical methods for verifying the authenticity and accuracy of Automatic Identification System (AIS) data, which are important for safe navigation and traffic regulation, are still lacking. In this study, we propose a new method to verify AIS data by using video images taken by an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV). An improved ViBe algorithm is used to extract the ship target image from the video images and the ship's spatial position is calculated using a monocular target-positioning algorithm. The positioning results are compared with the position, speed and course data of the same ship in AIS, and the authenticity and accuracy of the AIS data are verified. The results of the experiment conducted in the inland waterways of Huangpu River in Shanghai, China, show that AIS signals can be automatically checked and verified by a UAV in real time and can thus improve the supervision efficiency of maritime departments.

Research on the safe distance between passing ship and offshore drilling platform based on theory and statistics

2020 ◽  
Vol 234 (3) ◽  
pp. 642-650
Author(s):  
Haibo Xie ◽  
Zhengjiang Liu ◽  
Xingkang Xu ◽  
Jiping Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Statistical Correlation ◽  
Automatic Identification ◽  
Identification System ◽  
Safe Distance ◽  
Offshore Drilling ◽  
Oil And Gas Exploration ◽  
Safe Navigation ◽  
Drift Model ◽  
Calculation Results

The offshore drilling platform is the main equipment for oil and gas exploration. The increase in offshore drilling platform results in the apparently increased contradiction between oilfield exploitation and safe navigation of ships. In order to ensure safe navigation and the normal exploitation of oil and gas fields in a limited space, it is necessary to quantify the distance between ships and coastal drilling platforms. In this investigation, the relevant theoretical calculation models were developed, including a drift model for ship out of control and a ship emergency stopping model. By selecting appropriate ship samples, theoretical safe distances under different models can be obtained. With the use of statistical correlation theory based on the Automatic Identification System data of ship, the safe distance between passing ship and platform was further studied. Finally, the recommended safe distance in different waters was summarized by comparing different model calculation results and data statistics results. Research results are beneficial for the safety of ship navigation, safe operation of the platform, and the revision of relevant standards.

scholarly journals Low Cost Ais System for Safe Navigation

2008 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 235-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maciej Gucma
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Limited Range ◽  
Automatic Identification ◽  
Identification System ◽  
Automatic Identification System ◽  
Small Vessels ◽  
Safe Navigation ◽  
Navigational Aid ◽  
Transfer Of Information

Low Cost Ais System for Safe Navigation Automatic Identification System (AIS) ensures automatic transfer of information between sea going vessels and land based monitoring centers. AIS transceivers are obligatory on board vessels of 300 gross register tones and over. System supports safe navigation at confined and open areas, whilst on the former mentioned is especially helpful due to limited range of radar. Article presents low cost AIS system for small vessels and leisure crafts where AIS is not obligatory but might be valuable navigational aid. Some aspects concerning accuracy are presented as well.

scholarly journals AIS Data Vulnerability Indicated by a Spoofing Case-Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 5015
Author(s):  
Andrej Androjna ◽  
Marko Perkovič ◽  
Ivica Pavic ◽  
Jakša Mišković
Keyword(s):  
Situational Awareness ◽  
Automatic Identification ◽  
Identification System ◽  
Maritime Industry ◽  
Position Information ◽  
Safe Navigation ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Source Of Information

This paper takes a close look at the landscape of the Automatic Identification System (AIS) as a major source of information for maritime situational awareness (MSA) and identifies its vulnerabilities and challenges for safe navigation and shipping. As an important subset of cyber threats affecting many maritime systems, the AIS is subject to problems of tampering and reliability; indeed, the messages received may be inadvertently false, jammed, or intentionally spoofed. A systematic literature review was conducted for this article, complemented by a case study of a specific spoofing event near Elba in December 2019, which confirmed that the typical maritime AIS could be easily spoofed and generate erroneous position information. This intentional spoofing has affected navigation in international waters and passage through territorial waters. The maritime industry is neither immune to cyberattacks nor fully prepared for the risks associated with the use of modern digital systems. Maintaining seaworthiness in the face of the impact of digital technologies requires a robust cybersecurity framework.

scholarly journals Significance and Role of International Standards in Development of Croatian Nautical Tourism

2012 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 167-174
Author(s):  
Srećko Favro ◽  
Mirjana Kovačić ◽  
Zvonko Gržetić
Keyword(s):  
International Standards ◽  
Automatic Identification ◽  
Identification System ◽  
Safety Standards ◽  
Safety Requirements ◽  
Business Operations ◽  
Radar Systems ◽  
Preventive Actions ◽  
Alarm Systems ◽  
Increasing Demand

The authors of this paper have systematically studied the trends of increasing demand in nautical tourism. The increasing demand is followed by a significant increase of threats to the environment, but also to boaters and their vessels participating in nautical activities. The authors emphasise the obligation to observe safety requirements through defined and controlled procedures in marinas and at sea and implementation of international standards during the stages of organisation of nautical economy, i. e. nautical tourism with complementary activities. The authors explicate the implementation of international standards for selecting locations for marinas, construction and equipment of marinas and vessels, training of boaters – skippers, business operations of subjects and objects of nautical tourism and promotion of their services. Special attention is given to safety standards and procedures during emergencies at sea and in the ports. Each vessel is expected to have a GPS (Global Positioning System) device and a box similar to a black box in aeroplanes which could be used for reconstructing accidents. Radar systems, AIS system (Automatic Identification System) and alarm systems will minimise the time for interventions. The intervention procedures at sea are currently being determined aimed at minimising the time, but improvements are still needed. Special attention is also given to activities related to resolving crises, analysis of the existing and the potential causes and to defining of preventive actions. KEY WORDS: nautical tourism, international standards, crises

Interaction Process Model – ESM Quality Model Development Tool

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-17
Author(s):  
B.V. Boytsov ◽  
◽  
G.S. Zhetessova ◽  
M.K. Ibatov ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Process Model ◽  
Swot Analysis ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Model Development ◽  
Interaction Process ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Quality Model ◽  
Development Tool ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Education Science

The article discusses the methodology and provides the results of a multivariate SWOT analysis for a scientific and manufacturing educational process based on a set of regulatory and strategic documents, statistical data of the Republic of Kazakhstan; The main conclusions and description of the generated matrices for the subjects of interaction within the hierarchical triangle «Education – Science – Manufacturing (ESM)» are given.

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