scholarly journals Direct measurement of the contribution of street lighting to satellite observations of nighttime light emissions from urban areas

2020 ◽  
pp. 147715352095846
Author(s):  
CCM Kyba ◽  
A Ruby ◽  
HU Kuechly ◽  
B Kinzey ◽  
N Miller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Satellite Imagery ◽  
Smart City ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Satellite Observations ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
Street Lighting ◽  
Nighttime Light ◽  
The City

Nighttime light emissions are increasing in most countries worldwide, but which types of lighting are responsible for the increase remains unknown. Also unknown is what fraction of outdoor light emissions and associated energy use are due to public light sources (i.e. streetlights) or various types of private light sources (e.g. advertising). Here we show that it is possible to measure the contribution of street lighting to nighttime satellite imagery using ‘smart city’ lighting infrastructure. The city of Tucson, USA, intentionally altered its streetlight output over 10 days, and we examined the change in emissions observed by satellite. We find that streetlights operated by the city are responsible for only 13% of the total radiance (in the 500–900 nm band) observed from Tucson from space after midnight (95% confidence interval 10–16%). If Tucson did not dim their streetlights after midnight, the contribution would be 18% (95% confidence interval 15–23%). When streetlights operated by other actors are included, the best estimates rise to 16% and 21%, respectively. Existing energy and lighting policy related to the sustainability of outdoor light use has mainly focused on street lighting. These results suggest an urgent need for consideration of other types of light sources in outdoor lighting policy.

scholarly journals Security Assessment of Urban Areas through a GIS-Based Analysis of Lighting Data Generated by IoT Sensors

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 2174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lavinia Chiara Tagliabue ◽  
Fulvio Re Cecconi ◽  
Nicola Moretti ◽  
Stefano Rinaldi ◽  
Paolo Bellagente ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Smart City ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Gis Mapping ◽  
Security Assessment ◽  
Urban Context ◽  
Street Lighting ◽  
Perceived Safety ◽  
Perceived Security ◽  
The City

The current perspective about urban development expects 70% of energy consumption will be concentrated in the cities in 2050. In addition, a growing density of people in the urban context leads to the need for increased security and safety for citizens, which imply a better lighting infrastructure. Smart solutions are required to optimize the corresponding energy effort. In developing countries, the cities’ lighting is limited and the lighting world map is strongly significant about the urban density of the different areas. Nevertheless, in territories where the illumination level is particularly high, such as urban contexts, the conditions are not homogenous at the microscale level and the perceived security is affected by artificial urban lighting. As an example, 27.2% of the families living in the city of Milan, ombardy Region, Italy, consider critical the conditions of lighting in the city during the night, although the region has diffused infrastructure. The paper aims to provide a local illuminance geographic information system (GIS) mapping at the neighborhood level that can be extended to the urban context. Such an approach could unveil the need to increase lighting to enhance the perceived safety and security for the citizens and promote a higher quality of life in the smart city. Lighting mapping can be matched with car accident mapping of cities and could be extended to perceived security among pedestrians in urban roads and green areas, also related to degradation signs of the built environment. In addition, such an approach could open new scenarios to the adaptive street lighting control used to reduce the energy consumption in a smart city: the perceived security of an area could be used as an additional index to be considered during the modulation of the level of the luminosity of street lighting. An example of a measurement set-up is described and tested at the district level to define how to implement an extensive monitoring campaign based on an extended research schema.

scholarly journals Perancangan Kawasan Perkotaan Di Pulau Bali Sebagai Konektivitas Industri Pariwisata Yang Terintegrasi Pada Sistem ‘’Smart City Development’’

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-97
Author(s):  
I Made Agus Mahendra
Keyword(s):  
Smart City ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Spatial Vision ◽  
Development Planning ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
City Development ◽  
City Region ◽  
Environmental Goals ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The City

City Development Planning can be described as a decision-making process to realize economic, social, cultural and environmental goals through the development of a spatial vision, strategies and plans, and the application of a set of policy principles, tools, institutional participatory mechanisms, and regulatory procedures. Connectivity between cities is needed for a Bali island which is the best tourism destination in Indonesia. Good connectivity between cities can contribute greatly to tourism destinations in each city / region. In the future it will be a great work if the development of urban areas on the island of Bali is the integrated tourism industry path connectivity in the Smart City Development system. Smart city is a dream of almost all countries in the world both in the provincial and urban spheres. With Smart City, various kinds of data and information located in every corner of the city can be collected through sensors installed in every corner of the city, analyzed with smart applications, then presented according to user needs through applications that can be accessed by various types of gadgets. Through the gadget, users can also interactively become data sources, they send information to data centers for consumption by other users.

scholarly journals Penerangan Jalan Umum Tenaga Surya: Studi Kasus di Kota Pangkalpinang

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 76
Author(s):  
Andika Febrianto ◽  
Wahri Sunanda ◽  
Rika Favoria Gusa
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Solar Panels ◽  
Street Lighting ◽  
Led Lights ◽  
The City

This research was conducted to design public street lighting photovoltaic, based on SNI 7391:2008 concerning specifications of public street lighting in urban areas with several parameters that were considered by poles, lights used, intensity of light needed, number of lights needed and supporting equipment for public street lighting photovoltaic. Currently, Jenderal Sudirman road in the city of Pangkalpinang along 1.5 km uses electricity from PLN with 30 units of 150 watt SON lamps and 11 lux light intensity. The design obtained for street lighting photovoltaic while still meet SNI for light intensity, obtained supporting equipment for solar street lighting, namely 31 unit of 8 meter octagonal poles with specifications of 40 watt LED lights for each cross arm, 1 unit of 100 Wp solar panels, unit of 100 Ah VRLA batteries and 1 unit of solar charger controller (10A, 12V / 24V).

Post-Disaster Urban Recovery Monitoring in Pisco After the 2007 Peru Earthquake Using Satellite Image

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 1059-1068 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomoyo Hoshi ◽  
◽  
Osamu Murao ◽  
Kunihiko Yoshino ◽  
Fumio Yamazaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Satellite Imagery ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Satellite Image ◽  
Recovery Process ◽  
Visual Interpretation ◽  
Field Surveys ◽  
Recovery Processes ◽  
The City ◽  
Post Disaster

Pisco was the area most damaged by the 2007 Peru earthquake. The purpose of this research is to develop possibilities of using satellite imagery to monitor postdisaster urban recovery processes, focusing on the urban change in Pisco between 2007 and 2011. To this end, the authors carried out field surveys in the city in 2012 and 2013 and also examined previous surveys to determine that building reconstruction peaked between 2008 and 2009. After analyzing the five-year recovery process, the authors compared its reconstruction conditions by visual interpretation with those by image analysis using satellite image. An accuracy of 71.2% was achieved for the visual interpretation results in congested urban areas, and that for developed districts was about 60%. The result shows that satellite imagery can be a useful tool for monitoring and understanding post-disaster urban recovery processes in the areas in which conducting long-term field survey is difficult.

scholarly journals Greenhouse Gas Pollution Based on Energy use and its Mitigation Potential in the City of Surakarta, Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Prabang Setyono ◽  
Widhi Himawan ◽  
Cynthia Permata Sari ◽  
Totok Gunawan ◽  
Sigit Heru Murti
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Carbon Sink ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Vegetation Density ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
The City

Considered as a trigger of climate change, greenhouse gas (GHG) is a global environmental issue. The City of Surakarta in Indonesia consists mainly of urban areas with high intensities of anthropogenic fossil energy consumption and, potentially, GHG emission. It is topographically a basin area and most likely prompts a Thermal Inversion, creating a risk of accumulation and entrapment of air pollutants or GHGs at low altitudes. Vegetation has been reported to mitigate the rate of increase in emissions because it acts as a natural carbon sink. This study aimed to mitigate the GHG emissions from energy consumption in Surakarta and formulate recommendations for control. It commenced with calculating the emission factors based on the IPCC formula and determining the key categories using the Level Assessment approach. It also involved computing the vegetation density according to the NDVI values of the interpretation of Sentinel 2A imagery. The estimation results showed that in 2018, the emission loads from the energy consumption in Surakarta reached 1,217,385.05 (tons of CO2e). The key categories of these emissions were electricity consumption, transportation on highways, and the domestic sector, with transportation on highways being the top priority. These loads have exceeded the local carrying capacity because they create an imbalance between emission and natural GHG sequestration by vegetations.

Smart Cities and Digital Governance

2020 ◽  
pp. 87-106
Author(s):  
Mamoona Humayun ◽  
N. Z. Jhanjhi ◽  
Malak Z. Alamri ◽  
Azeem Khan
Keyword(s):  
Smart City ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Digital Governance ◽  
Smart Governance ◽  
Intelligent Security ◽  
The City

With the ubiquitous low-cost sensor devices and widespread use of IoT, the paradigm is shifted from urban areas towards a smart city. A smart city is an urban area that uses IoT technologies to collect data and manage resources efficiently. The vision is to improve the capabilities and to solve the citizens' problems (e.g., energy consumption, transportation, recycling, intelligent security, etc.) in an efficient way. A smart city is a multidimensional term including a smart economy, smart mobility, smart living, smart environment, smart people, and smart governance. Although the concept of a smart city is increasing and currently there exist many such cities in many developed countries, one of the key challenges faced by these cities is good governance. Smart cities need smart governance to run the city in a smarter way, and effective digital governance is a solution to this end. Digital governance refers to the use of digital technology in government practices.

A comparison of nighttime lights data for urban energy research: Insights from scaling analysis in the US system of cities

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 1077-1096 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michail Fragkias ◽  
José Lobo ◽  
Karen C Seto
Keyword(s):  
Satellite Data ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Scaling Analysis ◽  
Electricity Use ◽  
The Us ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Urban Energy ◽  
Nighttime Light

Urban areas contribute to about 75% of global fossil fuel CO2 emissions and are a primary driver of climate change. If greenhouse gas emissions for the top 20 emitting urban areas were aggregated into a one country, it would rank third behind China and the US. With urban areas forecasted to triple between 2010 and 2030 and urban population expected to increase by more than 2.5 billion, sustainable development will require a better understanding of how different types of urbanization affect energy use. However, there is a scarcity of data on energy use at the urban level that are available globally. Nighttime light satellite data have been shown to be related to energy use, but to date there has not been a systematic comparison of how well different sources of nighttime light data and their derived products can proxy electricity use. This paper fills this gap. First, we perform a comparative analysis of different types of nighttime light satellite data to proxy for electricity use for US cities. Second, we examine how the different types of nighttime light satellite data scale with the size of urban settlements and connect these findings to recent theoretical advances in scaling. We find that (1) all measures of nighttime light and urban electricity use in the US are strongly correlated and (2) different nighttime light-derived data can measure distinct urban energy characteristics such as energy infrastructure volume versus energy use. Our results do not show a clear best nighttime light proxy for total electricity consumption, despite of the use of higher spatial and temporal resolution data.

scholarly journals LAST MILE LOGISTICS IN THE FRAMEWORK OF SMART CITIES: A TYPOLOGY OF CITY LOGISTICS SCHEMES

2020 ◽  
Vol XLIV-4/W3-2020 ◽  
pp. 335-337
Author(s):  
T. M. Özbekler ◽  
A. Karaman Akgül
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Smart City ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Social Impact ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Detailed Examination ◽  
City Logistics ◽  
Sustainable Solutions ◽  
Last Mile ◽  
The City

Abstract. As current cities are attributed to particular dynamism consists of population density and increased urbanization, urban areas are facing some challenges for city logistics, both in terms of economic, environmental, and social impact. Especially, the debates over last-mile logistics are arising with inefficiencies in delivery cost (half truckload on delivery) and delivery time per parcel (unnecessary waiting-load periods at multiple stops) while inner-urban areas are especially suffered from traffic congestion, emission, and noise pollution. In this regard, smart cities as a concept with the potential to produce sustainable solutions to urban problems bring along with the need for innovative urban logistics systems to make conventional distribution channels of the city up to date. The key objective tackled in this paper can be defined as the identification of the city logistics schemes with highlighting current approaches in smart cities. The study adopts a systemic approach based on the typology of consolidation-distribution schemes in city logistics to define the feasibility of micro logistics initiatives from the scope of the smart city consisting of mobility, sustainability, and liveability. Thanks to a detailed examination of city logistics dynamics, this study can contribute theoretically to smart city logistics literature as well as practically the logistics sector.

scholarly journals Smart city dvelopment with digital twin technology

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mervi Hämäläinen
Keyword(s):  
Urban Development ◽  
Smart City ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Sustainable Urban Development ◽  
City Development ◽  
Digital Twin ◽  
Digital Twins ◽  
Overall Performance ◽  
The City

Growing urban areas are major consumers of natural resources, energy and raw materials. Understanding cities´ urban metabolism is salient when developing sustainable and resilient cities. This paper addresses concepts of smart city and digital twin technology as means to foster more sustainable urban development. Smart city has globally been well adopted concept in urban development. With smart city development cities aim to optimize overall performance of the city, its infrastructures, processes and services, but also to improve socio-economic wellbeing. Dynamic digital twins are constituted to form real-time connectivity between virtual and physical objects. Digital twin combines virtual objects to its physical counterparts. This conceptual paper provides additionally examples from dynamic digital twin platforms and digital twin of Helsinki, Finland.

scholarly journals Wood Charcoal Fuel Resilience in Kampala Capital City; Charcoal in the Water Energy and Food Urban Nexus

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dastan Bamwesigye ◽  
Azdren Doli
Keyword(s):  
Household Income ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Food System ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Journal Articles ◽  
Charcoal Production ◽  
Energy Poverty ◽  
The City

Kampala is the capital city of Uganda. Over the years the population growth in the city has more than doubled, and this has increased the demand for energy. However, electricity and gas are not only limited in supply but are also expensive for the majority of the households hence the use of charcoal remains the main source of energy. There is little known about the energy situation in big cities of Africa, and Kampala is not an exception. Therefore, we examine the urban nexus amidst energy poverty, vulnerability, and resilience with a focus on; the role of charcoal in the urban Nexus in Kampala Uganda. Literature review and content analysis of scientific materials such as journal articles and reports were done. Charcoal fuel in Kampala and surrounding urban areas does not only facilitate cooking meals and boing water for over 95% of households but also a source of livelihood for many women in the nexus. This process impacts not only on energy use but also the entire water, energy, and food system in the urban nexus. Even though charcoal fuel doubles as a source of household income, it is greatly responsible for most deforestation. Furthermore, charcoal production also accounts for prolonged droughts hence impacting on water and food supply in the nation. Therefore, we propose subsidizing alternatives such as gas and electricity to reduce the complete reliance on charcoal.

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