scholarly journals Gaze correlates of view preference: Comparing natural and urban scenes

2021 ◽  
pp. 147715352110557
Author(s):  
A Batool ◽  
P Rutherford ◽  
P McGraw ◽  
T Ledgeway ◽  
S Altomonte
Keyword(s):  
Visual Exploration ◽  
Natural Scenes ◽  
Aesthetic Evaluation ◽  
Urban Scenes ◽  
Nature Relatedness ◽  
Fixation Durations ◽  
High Preference ◽  
Subjective Preference ◽  
Gaze Behaviour ◽  
The Aesthetic

When looking out of a window, natural views are usually associated with restorative qualities and are given a higher preference than urban scenes. Previous research has shown that gaze behaviour might differ based on the natural or urban content of views. A lower number of fixations has been associated with the aesthetic evaluation of natural scenes while, when looking at an urban environment, a high preference has been correlated with more exploratory gaze behaviours. To characterise gaze correlates of view preference across natural and urban scenes, we collected and analysed experimental data featuring subjective preference ratings, eye-tracking measures, verbal reasoning associated with preference and nature relatedness scores. Consistent with the literature, our results confirm that natural scenes are more preferred than urban views and that gaze behaviours depend on view type and preference. Observing natural scenes was characterised by lower numbers of fixations and saccades, and longer fixation durations, compared to urban views. However, for both view types, most preferred scenes led to more fixations and saccades. Our findings also showed that nature relatedness may be correlated with visual exploration of scenes. Individual preferences and personality attributes, therefore, should be accounted for in studies on view preference and gaze behaviour.

scholarly journals Eye movements in scene perception while listening to slow and fast music

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marek Franěk ◽  
Denis Šefara ◽  
Jan Petružálek ◽  
Roman Mlejnek ◽  
Leon Van Noorden
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Scene Perception ◽  
Visual Exploration ◽  
Movement Behavior ◽  
Natural Scenes ◽  
Attentional Processes ◽  
Urban Scenes ◽  
Outdoor Scenes ◽  
Fast Tempo

To date, there is insufficient knowledge of how visual exploration of outdoor scenes may be influenced by the simultaneous processing of music. Eye movements during viewing various outdoor scenes while listening to music at either a slow or fast tempo or in silence were measured. Significantly shorter fixations were found for viewing urban scenes compared with natural scenes, but there was no interaction between the type of scene and the acoustic conditions. The results revealed shorter fixation durations in the silent control condition in the range 30 ms, compared to both music conditions but, in contrast to previous studies, these differences were non-significant. Moreover, we did not find differences in eye movements between music conditions with a slow or fast tempo. It is supposed that the type of musical stimuli, the specific tempo, the specific experimental procedure, and the engagement of participants in listening to background music while processing visual information may be important factors that influence attentional processes, which are manifested in eye-movement behavior. 

The Role of Understanding on Architectural Beauty: Evidence From the Impact of Semantic Description on the Aesthetic Evaluation of Architecture

2021 ◽  
pp. 003329412110021
Author(s):  
Sizhe Liu ◽  
Wei Zhang ◽  
Xianyou He ◽  
Xiaoxiang Tang ◽  
Shuxian Lai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aesthetic Experience ◽  
Supplementary Information ◽  
Aesthetic Evaluation ◽  
Abstract Description ◽  
Social Meanings ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Appearance Design ◽  
The Aesthetic ◽  
The Impact

There is evidence that greater aesthetic experience can be linked to artworks when their corresponding meanings can be successfully inferred and understood. Modern cultural-expo architecture can be considered a form of artistic creation and design, and the corresponding design philosophy may be derived from representational objects or abstract social meanings. The present study investigates whether cultural-expo architecture with an easy-to-understand architectural appearance design is perceived as more beautiful and how architectural photographs and different types of descriptions of architectural appearance designs interact and produce higher aesthetic evaluations. The results showed an obvious aesthetic preference for cultural-expo architecture with an easy-to-understand architectural appearance design (Experiment 1). Moreover, we found that the aesthetic rating score of architectural photographs accompanied by an abstract description was significantly higher than that of those accompanied by a representational description only under the difficult-to-understand design condition (Experiment 2). The results indicated that people preferred cultural-expo architecture with an easy-to-understand architectural appearance design due to a greater understanding of the design, providing further evidence that abstract descriptions can provide supplementary information and explanation to enhance the sense of beauty of abstract cultural-expo architecture.

Symmetry influences packaging aesthetic evaluation and purchase intention

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (11/12) ◽  
pp. 1026-1040 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arnaud Bigoin-Gagnan ◽  
Sophie Lacoste-Badie
Keyword(s):  
Mirror Symmetry ◽  
Purchase Intention ◽  
Visual Complexity ◽  
Vertical Axis ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Aesthetic Evaluation ◽  
Product Packaging ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Package Design ◽  
The Aesthetic

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the influence of the symmetrical disposition of information items displayed on the front of product packaging on perceived complexity, perceptual fluency, aesthetic evaluation and product purchase intention. Design/methodology/approach A sample of 104 participants was exposed to fast-moving consumer goods packaging. A within-subject design experiment was carried out to assess the influence of the symmetrical disposition of information items displayed on the front of the packaging. ANOVA and a PROCESS procedure to assess mediation (Hayes, 2013) examined the relationships among the factors influenced by symmetry. Findings This study found that the symmetrical disposition of information items around the vertical axis (mirror symmetry) decreased visual complexity and highlighted an “indirect-only mediation” of visual complexity on the aesthetic evaluation of the packaging through processing fluency. This research also highlighted the fact that packaging aesthetic evaluation had a positive influence on purchase intention. Originality/value This study extends knowledge on package design by showing that the elements on which the producer can act (in this case, symmetry on the front of packaging) have an influence on the consumer’s evaluation of the product and intention to purchase.

scholarly journals A Change of Scenery: Does Exposure to Images of Nature Affect Delay Discounting and Food Desirability?

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katie Clarke ◽  
Suzanne Higgs ◽  
Clare E. Holley ◽  
Andrew Jones ◽  
Lucile Marty ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Delay Discounting ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Food Preferences ◽  
Natural Scenes ◽  
Urban Scenes ◽  
Urban Image ◽  
Adult Participants ◽  
Desire To Eat ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Energy Dense Food

Previous research suggests that exposure to nature may reduce delay discounting (the tendency to discount larger future gains in favor of smaller immediate rewards) and thereby facilitate healthier dietary intake. This pre-registered study examined the impact of online exposure to images of natural scenes on delay discounting and food preferences. It was predicted that exposure to images of natural scenes (vs. images of urban scenes) would be associated with: (i) lower delay discounting; (ii) higher desirability for fruits and vegetables (and lower desirability for more energy-dense foods); and (iii) delay discounting would mediate the effect of nature-image exposure on food desirability. Adult participants (N = 109) were recruited to an online between-subjects experiment in which they viewed a timed sequence of six images either showing natural landscape scenes or urban scenes. They then completed measures of mood, delay discounting (using a five-trial hypothetical monetary discounting task) and rated their momentary desire to eat four fruits and vegetables (F&V), and four energy-dense foods. There was no statistically significant effect of experimental condition (natural vs. urban image exposure) on delay discounting or food desirability. Bayes factors supported the null hypothesis for discounting (BF01 = 4.89), and energy-dense food desirability (BF01 = 7.21), but provided no strong evidence for either hypothesis for F&V desirability (BF01 = 0.78). These findings indicate that brief online exposure to images of nature does not affect momentary impulsivity or energy-dense food preference, whereas for preference for less-energy dense foods, the evidence was inconclusive.

“Beauty” Based on the Functionality of Smart Skin in Buildings

2017 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 60-69
Author(s):  
Salar Salah Muhy Al-Dın ◽  
Hourakhsh Ahmad Nia
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Analysis ◽  
Human Perception ◽  
Comprehensive Understanding ◽  
Aesthetic Value ◽  
Aesthetic Evaluation ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Aesthetic ◽  
Smart Skin

The aim of this study is to extend the rationale and comprehensive understanding in respect of the notion of functionality and beauty in the smart skin buildings. Smart skin in buildings plays a key role in improving building functionality, and the future lies in the use of innovative smart skin strategies. The methodology focused on the objectivity and subjectivity of human perception to assess the aesthetic value of a building's smart skin. A theoretical analysis has been conducted based on the results of the investigation model and fortified by comparing the results with the findings obtained through the opinions of experts based in AHP methodology. The study demonstrates that there is a relation between both the aesthetic value and the functionality of the smart skin of a building. The findings revealed the difference in the aesthetic evaluation between the subjective functionality and the objective functionality of the building skin. The findings contribute useful evidence for the promotion of our understanding regarding the aesthetic value of the smart skin of a building, based on its functionality.

scholarly journals The effects of temporal pressure on obstacle negotiation and gaze behaviour in young adults with simulated vision loss

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tjerk Zult ◽  
Jonathan Allsop ◽  
Matthew A. Timmis ◽  
Shahina Pardhan
Keyword(s):  
Vision Loss ◽  
Time Pressure ◽  
Normal Vision ◽  
Movement Kinematics ◽  
Blurred Vision ◽  
Constant Frequency ◽  
Everyday Activities ◽  
Fixation Durations ◽  
Gaze Behaviour ◽  
Temporal Pressure

Abstract Individuals with vision loss adapt their locomotion and gaze behaviour to safely negotiate objects in temporally unconstrained situations. However, everyday activities are often performed under time-pressure. We investigated the effects of blur on anxiety, movement kinematics and gaze behaviour during the negotiation of a floor-based obstacle under three amounts of pressure: 1) no-pressure; 2) tonal-pressure: an intermittent tone was played at a constant frequency; 3) tonal + time pressure: the intermittent tone increased in frequency and participants had to walk 20% faster to reach the end of the lab. Irrespective of the amount of pressure, the blurred vs. normal vision group reported 32% more anxiety, lifted the lead foot 43% higher and 10% slower over the obstacle, and looked 6% longer and 6% more frequently ahead of the obstacle. In the tonal + time pressure vs. no-pressure condition, both groups were more anxious, showed adaptations in movement kinematics related to walking faster, and adopted a ‘checking strategy’ by shortening their fixation durations at the obstacle. These results show that irrespective of temporal pressure, the blurred vision group remained more cautious as to how the lead foot negotiated the obstacle, in order to reduce the chance of tripping during crossing.

Aesthetic Evaluation of Computer Icons: Visual Pattern Differences Between Art-Trained and Lay Raters of Icons

2020 ◽  
pp. 003151252096963
Author(s):  
Zhiguo Hu ◽  
Xinrui Wang ◽  
Xinkui Hu ◽  
Xiaofang Lei ◽  
Hongyan Liu
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Eye Movements ◽  
Design Strategy ◽  
Aesthetic Appreciation ◽  
Aesthetic Evaluation ◽  
Visual Patterns ◽  
Lay Persons ◽  
Eye Fixations ◽  
The Aesthetic ◽  
Computer Icons

Adopting eye-tracking measures, we explored the influence of art experience on the aesthetic evaluation of computer icons. Participants were 27 college students with art training and 27 laypersons. Both groups rated icons of varying complexity and symmetry for “beauty” while we recorded participants’ eye movements. Results showed that art-trained participants viewed the icons with more eye fixations and had shorter scanning paths than participants in the non-art group, suggesting that art-trained participants processed the icons more deliberately. In addition, we observed an interaction effect between art experience and symmetry. For asymmetrical icons, art-trained participants’ ratings tended to be higher than those of lay persons; for symmetric icons, there was no such rater difference. The different visual patterns associated with aesthetic evaluations by these two participant groups suggest that art experience plays a pivotal role in the aesthetic appreciation of icons and has important implications for icon design strategy.

scholarly journals Information limits on neural identification of colored surfaces in natural scenes

2004 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 331-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
DAVID H. FOSTER ◽  
SÉRGIO M.C. NASCIMENTO ◽  
KINJIRO AMANO
Keyword(s):  
Neural Coding ◽  
Neural Representation ◽  
Natural Scenes ◽  
Surface Reflectance ◽  
Surface Color ◽  
Maximum Information ◽  
Information Theoretic ◽  
Urban Scenes ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Information Theoretic Measures

If surfaces in a scene are to be distinguished by their color, their neural representation at some level should ideally vary little with the color of the illumination. Four possible neural codes were considered: von-Kries-scaled cone responses from single points in a scene, spatial ratios of cone responses produced by light reflected from pairs of points, and these quantities obtained with sharpened (opponent-cone) responses. The effectiveness of these codes in identifying surfaces was quantified by information-theoretic measures. Data were drawn from a sample of 25 rural and urban scenes imaged with a hyperspectral camera, which provided estimates of surface reflectance at 10-nm intervals at each of 1344 × 1024 pixels for each scene. In computer simulations, scenes were illuminated separately by daylights of correlated color temperatures 4000 K, 6500 K, and 25,000 K. Points were sampled randomly in each scene and identified according to each of the codes. It was found that the maximum information preserved under illuminant changes varied with the code, but for a particular code it was remarkably stable across the different scenes. The standard deviation over the 25 scenes was, on average, approximately 1 bit, suggesting that the neural coding of surface color can be optimized independent of location for any particular range of illuminants.

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