scholarly journals The ethical dilemma of granulocyte transfusions

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 156-161
Author(s):  
Erik Gustavsson ◽  
Rune Sjödahl ◽  
Elvar Theodorsson
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Experience ◽  
Ethical Dilemma ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
The Other ◽  
Clinical Effects ◽  
Randomized Control Trials ◽  
Risk Benefit Assessment ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Randomized Control ◽  
The One

Granulocyte transfusions have been administered to patients with life-threatening infections for more than five decades. However, to what extent this should be the case is far from established. On the one hand, the clinical effects of these transfusions are difficult to prove in clinical studies, and the donors of granulocytes may be exposed to certain risks. On the other hand, clinical experience seems to support the idea that granulocyte transfusions do play an important role for severely ill patients, and the donors are primarily motivated by altruistic reasons. In this paper, we first discuss the ethical issues that arise from the fact that there is a conflict between clinical experience and the results from the attempts to perform randomized control trials, and second, the risk/benefit assessment that has to be made between two different parties, namely the recipient and the donor of granulocyte transfusions.

Ethics and Integrity Training for Czech Public Officials

2022 ◽  
pp. 86-105
Author(s):  
Marie Bohata ◽  
Anna Putnova ◽  
Martina Rasticova ◽  
Andrea Cebakova
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Research ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Training Programme ◽  
Core Values ◽  
The Other ◽  
Public Administrators ◽  
Public Officials ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
The One ◽  
Local Levels

The purpose of the contribution is to present a newly designed training programme for public administrators in ethics and integrity. The programme was developed based on a broad empirical research among public administrators at the central and local levels of public administration aiming at identification of core values, major ethical issues, attitudes, and ethics instruments in place on the one hand and the training needs of civil servants and other public administrators on the other hand. Attention was paid to differences among rank-and-file administrators and managers and to differences between men and women where relevant.

scholarly journals Favouritism: Exploring the ‘uncontrolled’ spaces of the leadership experience

Leadership ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 381-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ofelia A Palermo ◽  
Ana Catarina Carnaz ◽  
Henrique Duarte
Keyword(s):  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Social Process ◽  
The Other ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Organisational Justice ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Social ◽  
Leadership Experience ◽  
The One ◽  
The Way

In this paper, we argue that a focus on favouritism magnifies a central ethical ambiguity in leadership, both conceptually and in practice. The social process of favouritism can even go unnoticed, or misrecognised if it does not manifest in a form in which it can be either included or excluded from what is (collectively interpreted as) leadership. The leadership literature presents a tension between what is an embodied and relational account of the ethical, on the one hand, and a more dispassionate organisational ‘justice’ emphasis, on the other hand. We conducted 23 semi-structured interviews in eight consultancy companies, four multinationals and four internationals. There were ethical issues at play in the way interviewees thought about favouritism in leadership episodes. This emerged in the fact that they were concerned with visibility and conduct before engaging in favouritism. Our findings illustrate a bricolage of ethical justifications for favouritism, namely utilitarian, justice, and relational. Such findings suggest the ethical ambiguity that lies at the heart of leadership as a concept and a practice.

scholarly journals Psychotherapy of a Relationship Break-Up in the Context of Assisted Reproductive Technologies

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 132-148
Author(s):  
I.I. Znamenskaya ◽  
M.R. Travkova ◽  
K.R. Arutyunova
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Assisted Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
The Other ◽  
Fertility Treatment ◽  
Break Up ◽  
The One ◽  
Cryopreserved Embryos

The paper is focused on ethical issues of making decisions about cryopreserved embryos in the context of relationship break-up in the framework of the embryo’s legal status and the church’s stand on the matter. All these issues can be viewed as part of a broader problem of intuitive and rational foundations for decision-making when facing difficult situations in life. On the one hand, the stressful context of the situation implies intuitive-driven decision-making; on the other hand, assisted reproductive technologies are largely counter-intuitive. We describe the peculiarities of family psychotherapy with mixed-agenda couples going through a divorce who have joint cryopreserved embryos but disagree on what to do with them. We introduce a protocol for psychotherapeutic work in the situation when one partner wishes to continue with the fertility treatment and have a child while the other partner is determined to utilize joint embryos as unwanted biological material. In addition, we discuss emotional and social complications that may arise (guilt, unfaithfulness of one of the partners, other losses, and grieving).

scholarly journals Ethical Issues in Indigenous Archaeology: Problems with Difference and Collaboration

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 34-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfredo González-Ruibal
Keyword(s):  
Ethical Issues ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Southern Europe ◽  
Indigenous Archaeology ◽  
Personal Experiences ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
The One ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The critique of archaeology made from an indigenous and postcolonial perspective has been largely accepted, at least in theory, in many settler colonies, from Canada to New Zealand. In this paper, I would like to expand such critique in two ways: on the one hand, I will point out some issues that have been left unresolved; on the other hand, I will address indigenous and colonial experiences that are different from British settler colonies, which have massively shaped our understanding of indigeneity and the relationship of archaeology to it. I am particularly concerned with two key problems: alterity – how archaeologists conceptualize difference – and collaboration – how archaeologists imagine their relationship with people from a different cultural background. My reflections are based on my personal experiences working with communities in southern Europe, Sub-Saharan Africa and South America that differ markedly from those usually discussed by indigenous archaeologies.

scholarly journals Study on Headache in ENT Practice

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-26
Author(s):  
Fakruddin Ahmed ◽  
KA Al Mahmud ◽  
Md Kamal Uddin ◽  
Maleka Afroz
Keyword(s):  
Brain Tumor ◽  
Subarachnoid Haemorrhage ◽  
Prospective Study ◽  
Medical Practice ◽  
The Other ◽  
Satisfactory Treatment ◽  
Potentially Malignant ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
The One

Headache is perhaps one of the commonest symptoms in all level of medical practice. Though most of the time it is very benevolent in nature. Yet, it may be the presenting symptom of a serious or/and life threatening disorder like meningitis, subarachnoid haemorrhage, stroke or brain tumor. It is this dual significance the one benign, the other potentially malignant that keeps the physician on the alert. This is a random prospective study of 120 cases of headache truly reflecting the sufferings of the victims of headache approaching the ENT specialists for the purpose to determine the exact cause of headache and get a satisfactory treatment. Bangladesh J Otorhinolaryngol; April 2017; 23(1): 19-26

scholarly journals Melting Ice and the Paradoxes of Zeno: Didactic Impulses and Aesthetic Distanciation in German Climate Change Fiction // Impulsos didácticos y distancia estética en la ficción alemana sobre el cambio climático

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Axel Howarth Goodbody
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Popular Fiction ◽  
The Other ◽  
General Outline ◽  
Literary Representation ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The One

Although global warming has been a topic of American and British popular fiction since the 1980s, its literary representation has only recently become an object of academic enquiry. Perhaps a score of German novels on the subject have also appeared, and critical analysis of these is now called for. Following a general outline of the socio-political, philosophical, and ethical issues which climate change raises, and of the particular aesthetic challenges which writing about global warming poses, Ilija Trojanow’s EisTau (Melting Ice, 2011) serves as a basis for discussion of the tensions between confessional and didactic impulses on the one hand, and recognition of the need for an aesthetic facilitating detachment on the other.  Resumen               Aunque el calentamiento global ha aparecido en la literatura popular americana y británica desde los años 80, su representación literaria no se ha converitdo en objeto de investigación académica hasta recientemente. Quizá una veintena de novelas alemanas sobre el tema también han aparecido, requiriendo así un análisis critico. Siguiendo un resumen general de los asuntos socio-políticos, filosóficos y éticos que el cambio climático ha planteado, y de los desafíos estéticos particulares que surgen al escribir sobre el calentamiento global, la novela EisTau (Melting Ice, 2011) de Ilija Trojanow sirve como base para debatir las tensiones entre los impulsos confesionales y didácticos, por un lado, y sobre el reconocimiento de la necesidad de una estética que facilite el desapego, por otro. 

Wars of National Liberation II

Worldview ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 4-8
Author(s):  
Robert A. Gessert
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Weapons ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Sufficient Reason ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Political ◽  
Free World ◽  
National Liberation ◽  
Nuclear War ◽  
The World ◽  
The One

It is sometimes suggested that nuclear weapons technology has made the world safe for “wars of national liberation.” I don't happen to accept this proposition, but I do acknowledge that “wars of national liberation” are a prominent part of both the declaratory and action policies of the Communist world. The free world does not have the option of declining to respond to such wars. This is sufficient reason for attempts to assay the ethical issues they raise.Wars of liberation have been called “political wars.” I assume two different things are intended by this: on the one hand, that they have a larger political component than other wars in that they do emphasize or circumvent some of the more typical military missions such as seizing and holding territory; on the other hand, as compared with nuclear war, they seem more nearly to be. compatible with Clausewitx's dictum that war is a continuation of policy. There are difficulties with both notions, but I do acknowledge that wars of liberation are intimately related to the political purposes of their sponsors and that they do generally employ means aimed directly at political power and try to postpone or avoid military engagements as the determinants of their outcome.

Problem-Centered Psychotherapy

1987 ◽  
Vol 60 (3_part_2) ◽  
pp. 1167-1170
Author(s):  
George Frank
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Experience ◽  
Treatment Modality ◽  
Treatment Approach ◽  
Psychological Problems ◽  
The Other ◽  
Patient Will ◽  
The One

Research and clinical experience suggest that no one treatment modality (e.g., behavioral, cognitive, exploratory) is effective with all psychological problems. Some problems are more effectively dealt with by one or the other treatment approach. Clinicians, however, are generally trained to offer only one approach; this means that the patient is offered the treatment with which the clinician feels most comfortable not necessarily the one which has been more effective with the problem the patient presents. Problem-centered psychotherapy means that the problem as brought in by the patient will define the treatment offered. Issues of training and assessment are discussed.

Peer-to-Peer Networks

2010 ◽  
pp. 81-103
Author(s):  
Nicolas Christin
Keyword(s):  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Peer To Peer ◽  
Consumer Electronics ◽  
The Other ◽  
Peer Networks ◽  
Peer To Peer Networks ◽  
Legal Challenges ◽  
Beneficial Uses ◽  
Software Distribution ◽  
The One

Peer-to-peer networks are one of the main sources of Internet traffic, and yet remain very controversial. On the one hand, they have a number of extremely beneficial uses, such as open source software distribution, and censorship resilience. On the other hand, peer-to-peer networks pose considerable ethical and legal challenges, for instance allowing exchanges of large volumes of copyrighted materials. This chapter argues that the ethical quandaries posed by peer-to-peer networks are rooted in a conflicting set of incentives among several entities ranging from end-users to consumer electronics manufacturers. The discussion then turns to the legal, economic, and technological remedies that have been proposed, and the difficulties faced in applying them. The last part of the chapter expands the scope of ethical issues linked to peer-to-peer networks, and examines whether existing laws and technology can mitigate new threats such as inadvertent confidential information leaks in peer-to-peer networks.

Idarucizumab for Urgent Dabigatran Reversal in Clinical Practice: A Case Series of First Use in Vietnam

MedPharmRes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-17
Author(s):  
Sy Van Hoang ◽  
Kha Minh Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Vitamin K ◽  
Oral Anticoagulants ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Antibody Fragment ◽  
Randomized Control Trials ◽  
Humanized Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Randomized Control

The benefits of non-Vitamin K oral antagonists in prevention or treatment of thrombosis have been studied in many randomized control trials. However, episodes of life-threatening bleeding caused by using novel oral anticoagulants have occurred in clinical practice and necessitate the development of aims for reversal of the anticoagulant effects. We report here three cases in which the use of idarucizumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody fragment, has successfully reversed the anticoagulation effects of dabigatran and produced favorable outcomes.

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