The Relevance of Cultural Identity: Relying upon Foundations of Race and Gender as Laypeople Plan a Newscast

2001 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 112-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Ann Lind
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Identity ◽  
Peer Group ◽  
Cultural Groups ◽  
Social Fabric ◽  
Latin Americans ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
And Gender

This study placed eighteen groups of African-, European-, and Latin-Americans (divided by race and gender) into the role of news producers; each peer group was charged with planning a hypothetical TV newscast from a list of realistic stories. The study investigates the relevance of cultural identity as these groups went about their task, and found clear differences in the extent to which cultural identity was articulated, the type of identity considered (race, gender, religion), whether the focus was on the ingroup or outgroup, and whether the references were affirmatively or negatively valenced. The study also compares the content different cultural groups included in the newscasts. Assuming that a context can function actively to “weave together” (rather than the more passive conceptualization of context as that which surrounds), this research concludes that discourses of separateness, of narrowly defined identity, and of inequality were common; the context enacted by participants revealed a strained, uneven social fabric.

37. Sentencing

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Ashworth ◽  
Julian V. Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Media Coverage ◽  
Sentencing Guidelines ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Political Criticism ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact

Sentencing represents the apex of the criminal process and is the most public stage of the criminal justice system. Controversial sentences attract widespread media coverage, intense public interest, and much public and political criticism. This chapter explores sentencing in the United Kingdom, and draws some conclusions with relevance to other common law jurisdictions. Sentencing has changed greatly in recent years, notably through the introduction of sentencing guidelines in England and Wales, and more recently, Scotland. However, there are still doubts about the fairness and consistency of sentencing practice, not least in the use of imprisonment. Among the key issues to be examined in this chapter are the tendency towards net-widening, the effects of race and gender, the impact of pleading guilty, the use of indeterminate sentences, the rise of mandatory sentences, and the role of the victim in the sentencing process. The chapter begins by outlining the methods by which cases come before the courts for sentencing. It then summarizes the specific sentences available to courts and examines current sentencing patterns, before turning to a more detailed exploration of sentencing guidelines, and of the key issues identified above. The chapter addresses two critical questions: What is sentencing (namely who exerts the power to punish)? Does sentencing in the UK measure up to appropriate standards of fairness and consistency?

scholarly journals From "Looking for Alibrandi" to "Does my Head Look Big in This?": The role of Australian teenage novels in reconceptualising racialised-gendered identities

2007 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lana Zannettino
Keyword(s):  
Race And Ethnicity ◽  
Ethnic Identification ◽  
Dominant Culture ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
Female Protagonists ◽  
Gendered Identities ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Biological Race

This paper undertakes a comparative analysis of three Australian teenage novels – Melina Marchetta’s ‘Looking for Alibrandi’ (1992), Randa Abdel-Fattah’s ‘Does my Head Look Big in This?’ (2005), and Morris Gleitzman’s ‘Girl Underground’ (2004). Drawing from feminist post-structural and post-colonial theories, the paper examines how each author has constructed the racialised-gendered identities of their female protagonists, including the ways in which they struggle to develop an identity in-between minority and dominant cultures. Also considered is how each author inter-weaves race, gender and class to produce subjects that are positioned differently across minority and dominant cultures. The similarities in how the authors have inscribed race and ethnicity on the subjectivities of their female characters, despite the novels being written at different points in time and focusing on different racial and ethnic identities, suggest that what it means to be a raced subject in Australia has more to do with the significance of all-at-once ‘belonging’ and ‘not belonging’ to the dominant culture, of ‘inclusion’ and ‘exclusion’ and of ‘sameness’ and ‘otherness’, than it has with the unique characteristics of biological race and ethnic identification. The paper argues that this kind of fiction carries with it an implicit pedagogy about race relations in Australia, which has the potential to subvert oppressive binary dualisms of race and gender by demonstrating possibilities for the development of hybrid cultural identities and ‘collaborations of humanity’.

General Self-Efficacy and Body Weight: The Role of Race and Gender

2020 ◽  
pp. 003329412096107
Author(s):  
Gordon Schmidt ◽  
Shaun Pichler
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Cognitive Theory ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
Surgeon General ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
General Self Efficacy

Overweight and obesity have become a prominent concern for policymakers, the Surgeon General, scholars, and for work organizations. The estimated annual cost of obesity in terms of lost productivity is in the tens of billions of dollars, and the estimated annual medical cost of obesity is in the hundreds of millions of dollars. Psychologists have become increasingly interested in issues related to body weight, such as ways to help people reduce body weight. The aims of our study are twofold. First, based on social cognitive theory, we offer the first study of the relationship between general self-efficacy (GSE) and body weight based on a large, representative sample. Second, we also offer an understanding of the role of race and gender as potential boundary conditions of this relationship. Findings indicate that race moderates the relationship between GSE and body weight (both BMI and perceived weight) such that this relationship is positive for Blacks but negative for Whites. Gender did not moderate the relationship between GSE and body weight. These results suggest that body weight is unrelated to general self-efficacy in the population writ large and that body weight is differentially related to self-efficacy based on race but not gender.

scholarly journals Smoking cessation behavior in older adults by race and gender: The role of health problems and psychological distress

2009 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 433-443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalie Sachs-Ericsson ◽  
Norman B. Schmidt ◽  
Michael J. Zvolensky ◽  
Melissa Mitchell ◽  
Nicole Collins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
And Gender

Creating a “Home Away from Home”: Korean Women’s Performances of the Imaginary American Home at US Military Clubs in South Korea, 1955–64

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 203-236
Author(s):  
Yu Jung Lee
Keyword(s):  
United States Army ◽  
Military Service ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
Us Military ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
The Military ◽  
Occupied Zone

Abstract This article considers the proliferation of Korean native camp shows and the roles of Korean women entertainers at the military service clubs of the Eighth United States Army in Korea in the 1950s and the 1960s. The role of the “American sweethearts” in USO camp shows—to create a “home away from home” and boost the morale of the American troops during wartime—was carried out by female Korean entertainers in the occupied zone at a critical moment in US-ROK relations during the Cold War. The article argues that Korean entertainers at military clubs were meant to perform the entertainment of “home” and evoke nostalgia for American soldiers by imitating well-known American singers and songs. However, what they performed as America was not simply the reproduction of American entertainment but often a manifestation of their imagination; they were constructing their own version of the American home. Their hybrid styles of American performance were indicative of how the discourse of the American home itself was constructed around ambivalence, the very site where women entertainers were enabled to exceed the rigid boundaries of race and gender, transcend their roles as imitators, and exercise their agency by productively negotiating this ambivalence.

scholarly journals Feminist engagement with restorative justice

2006 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen Daly ◽  
Julie Stubbs
Keyword(s):  
Family Violence ◽  
Restorative Justice ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Feminist Analysis ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
Theories Of Justice ◽  
Politics Of Race ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Justice Studies

We analyse five areas of feminist engagement with restorative justice (RJ): theories of justice; the role of retribution in criminal justice; studies of gender (and other social relations) in RJ processes; the appropriateness of RJ for partner, sexual or family violence; and the politics of race and gender in making justice claims. Feminist engagement has focused almost exclusively on the appropriateness of RJ for sexual, partner or family violence, but there is a need to broaden the focus. We identify a wider spectrum of theoretical, political and empirical problems for future feminist analysis of RJ.

Anatomy of a Spectacle: Race, Gender, and Memory in the Kobe Bryant Rape Case

2006 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 396-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Markovitz
Keyword(s):  
Collective Memory ◽  
Public Life ◽  
Black Masculinity ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
White Femininity ◽  
Gender And Crime ◽  
Rape Case ◽  
And Gender ◽  
American Society

This article argues that coverage of the Kobe Bryant rape case illuminated bitter divisions in American society, because the allegations against Bryant brought forth tensions involving conceptions of Black masculinity, White femininity, and the role of sport and celebrity in public life. The divisions laid bare by the Bryant case involve long histories of discursive contests waged by social movements and state actors over the meanings of categories of race and gender. I argue that these struggles have influenced public understandings of history; that contemporary understandings of race, gender, and crime are very much indebted to rhetorical battles fought long ago; and that invocations of collective memory can help to determine how various audiences make sense of public dramas unfolding in the mass media.

scholarly journals School Socio-Cultural Identity and Perceived Parental Involvement About Mathematics Learning in Greece

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Moutsios-Rentzos ◽  
Petros Chaviaris ◽  
Sonia Kafoussi
Keyword(s):  
Parental Involvement ◽  
Cultural Identity ◽  
Quantitative Study ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Mathematics Learning ◽  
Primary School Students ◽  
School Students ◽  
Pedagogical Implication ◽  
And Gender

In this quantitative study we investigated the primary school students’ perceived parental involvement in mathematics with respect to different school socio-cultural identity as identified by the students’ ethnicity. 493 students attending the two last grades of three primary schools participated in the study. The role of the students’ grade and gender, as well as the mother/father contrast were also considered in the analyses. The findings of the study revealed both inter-school and intra-school divergences and convergences, thus suggesting the complex links between school identity and perceived parental involvement. More specifically, according to our results, the ‘multi-cultural’ seems to be linked with a more stable perceived parental involvement across different year groups and calendar years. The pedagogical implication of the findings are discussed.

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