A Comparison of Psychiatric Patients and Normal Subjects Based on the Model of Human Occupation

1988 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roann Barris ◽  
Virginia Dickie ◽  
Kathi Brenneman Baron
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Family Environment ◽  
Chronic Conditions ◽  
Social Role ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Role Performance ◽  
Life Purpose ◽  
Human Occupation ◽  
Model Of Human Occupation

This study examined the empirical validity of the model of human occupation in psychosocial occupational therapy. A battery of instruments corresponding to the components of the model was administered to young adult patients with chronic conditions, patients with eating disorders, adolescents hospitalized for psychiatric disorders, and normal adults and adolescents. The only variables on which the groups did not differ significantly were the Fatalism subscale of the Internal—External Scale and the Future Meaning dimension of the Life Attitude Profile. A series of comparison regressions using ratings on each of four roles from the Role Performance Scale as criterion variables generally was more useful in explaining the performance of the group with eating disorders and less useful with the young adult group with chronic conditions. The regressions were also more useful in explaining social and productive role performance than in explaining leisure or self management role performance. In the most successful model, life purpose, self-control, existential vacuum, and family environment explained 46% of the variance in social role performance by the group with eating disorders. For young adult patients with chronic conditions, the best model—consisting of existential vacuum, past roles, self-control, family environment, and life purpose—accounted for 32% of the variance in performance of the productive (work or education) role. For the adolescents hospitalized with psychiatric disorders, skills, family environment, life purpose, and past roles accounted for 35% of the variance in social role performance.

Social Role Valorisation and the Model of Human Occupation: A Comparative Analysis for Work with People with a Learning Disability in the Community

1993 ◽  
Vol 56 (8) ◽  
pp. 278-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lesley Platts
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Occupational Therapy ◽  
Learning Disability ◽  
Service Provision ◽  
Social Role ◽  
Occupational Therapist ◽  
Human Occupation ◽  
Unique Role ◽  
Model Of Human Occupation ◽  
Do So

This article presents overviews of Social Role Valorisation as proposed by Wolfensberger and the Model of Human Occupation as suggested by Kielhofner et al, and contrasts their underlying fundamental beliefs related to people with a learning disability. It discusses why an occupational therapist should encompass Social Role Valorisation as a sound philosophy for service provision together with the Model of Human Occupation. This provides a unique role for occupational therapy which complements other disciplines and facilitates people with a learning disability to achieve maximum functioning and independence over their own lives for as long as they wish to do so.

scholarly journals An Evolutionary Genetic Perspective of Eating Disorders

2017 ◽  
Vol 106 (3) ◽  
pp. 292-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra J. Mayhew ◽  
Marie Pigeyre ◽  
Jennifer Couturier ◽  
David Meyre
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Family Environment ◽  
Genetic Risk ◽  
Cultural Influences ◽  
Gene Variants ◽  
Biological Mechanisms ◽  
Binary Variable ◽  
Evolutionary Genetic ◽  
New Perspective

Eating disorders (ED) including anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN), and binge eating disorder (BED) affect up to 5% of the population in Western countries. Risk factors for developing an ED include personality traits, family environment, gender, age, ethnicity, and culture. Despite being moderately to highly heritable with estimates ranging from 28 to 83%, no genetic risk factors have been conclusively identified. Our objective was to explore evolutionary theories of EDs to provide a new perspective on research into novel biological mechanisms and genetic causes of EDs. We developed a framework that explains the possible interactions between genetic risk and cultural influences in the development of ED. The framework includes three genetic predisposition categories (people with mainly AN restrictive gene variants, people with mainly BED variants, and people with gene variants predisposing to both diseases) and a binary variable of either the presence or absence of pressure to be thin. We propose novel theories to explain the overlapping characteristics of the subtypes of AN (binge/purge and restrictive), BN, and BED. For instance, mutations/structural gene variants in the same gene causing opposite effects or mutations in nearby genes resulting in partial disequilibrium for the genes causing AN (restrictive) and BED may explain the overlap of phenotypes seen in AN (binge/purge).

A Strengths-Based Cognitive Approach to Enhancing Occupational Performance and Self-Efficacy in Individuals With Schizophrenia

2021 ◽  
Vol 75 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 7512520381p1-7512520381p1
Author(s):  
Christine A. Linkie ◽  
Cynthia Evetts
Keyword(s):  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Cognitive Skills ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Occupational Engagement ◽  
Occupational Performance ◽  
Single Case Design ◽  
Human Occupation ◽  
Cognitive Approach ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Model Of Human Occupation

Abstract Date Presented 04/19/21 People with schizophrenia have daily living challenges related to impaired cognitive skills and low self-efficacy. This study used the Model of Human Occupation Screening Tool (MOHOST) in a single-case design with multiple baselines (N = 5) to investigate a strengths-based intervention for people with schizophrenia. Visual and statistical analyses yielded a small intervention effect (d = 0.26) and relationships among cognitive variables and MOHOST domains. Participants reported increased self-confidence and occupational engagement. Primary Author and Speaker: Christine A. Linkie Additional Authors and Speakers: Karen Ratcliff, Ickpyo Hong

scholarly journals Living with chronic migraine: a qualitative study on female patients' perspectives from a specialised headache clinic in Spain

BMJ Open ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. e017851 ◽  
Author(s):  
Domingo Palacios-Ceña ◽  
Beatriz Neira-Martín ◽  
Lorenzo Silva-Hernández ◽  
Diego Mayo-Canalejo ◽  
Lidiane Lima Florencio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Chronic Migraine ◽  
Family Environment ◽  
Drug Prescription ◽  
Work And Family ◽  
Self Control ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Headache Clinic ◽  
The Impact

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to explore the views and experiences of a group of Spanish women suffering from chronic migraine (CM).SettingHeadache clinic at a university hospital in Madrid (Spain).ParticipantsPurposeful sampling of patients that attended a specialised headache clinic for the first time between June 2016 and February 2017 was performed. The patients included were females aged 18–65 and with positive diagnoses of CM according to the International Classification of Headache disorders (third edition, beta version), with or without medication overuse. Accordingly, 20 patients participated in the study with a mean age of 38.65 years (SD 13.85).DesignQualitative phenomenological study.MethodsData were collected through in-depth interviews, researchers’ field notes and patients’ drawings. A thematic analysis was performed following appropriate guidelines for qualitative research.ResultsFive main themes describing the significance of suffering emerged: (a) the shame of suffering from an invisible condition; (b) treatment: between need, scepticism and fear; (c) looking for physicians’ support and sincerity and fighting misconceptions; (d) limiting the impact on daily life through self-control; and (e) family and work: between understanding and disbelief. The disease is experienced as an invisible process, and the journey to diagnosis can be a long and tortuous one. Drug prescription by the physician is greeted with distrust and scepticism. Patients expect sincerity, support and the involvement of their doctors in relation to their disease. Pain becomes the main focus of the patient’s life, and it requires considerable self-control. The disease has a strong impact in the work and family environment, where the patient may feel misunderstood.ConclusionsQualitative research offers insight into the way patients with CM experience their disease and it may be helpful in establishing a more fruitful relationship with these patients.

Evaluating the Use of an Occupational Assessment with Elderly Rehabilitation Patients

1992 ◽  
Vol 55 (9) ◽  
pp. 343-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Lycett
Keyword(s):  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Patient Group ◽  
Occupational Therapists ◽  
Term Treatment ◽  
Human Occupation ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Planning Treatment ◽  
Model Of Human Occupation ◽  
Important Additional Information

This study investigated the relevance of an occupational assessment, based on the model of human occupation, with elderly patients on rehabilitation wards. The assessment was implemented and evaluated on a three-part questionnaire administered by occupational therapists. The assessment showed some importance when establishing the needs of and planning treatment for this patient group. In particular, it collected important additional information about the patients' values and attitudes. The model was shown to be of particular benefit in one hospital and more relevant to patients expected to require longer-term treatment and those who had had a stroke.

scholarly journals The Management of Student’s Pocket Money

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
rendika Vhalery ◽  
Hasdi Aimon ◽  
Yulhendri Yulhendri
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Family Environment ◽  
Self Control ◽  
School Students ◽  
Pocket Money ◽  
The Family

The purpose of this study is to clarify the factors that influence the management of students' pocket money directly and indirectly in Air Tawar Padang City. A sample of 344 students consisting of 130 students and 214 high school students was obtained by completing the questionnaire. The results show that the family environment, peers, gender and self-control have positive and significant effect on the management of students in Padang City.

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