There's More to Direct Manipulation than meets the Eye

1988 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 278-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert W. Root ◽  
Annette Canby
Keyword(s):  
Interface Design ◽  
End Users ◽  
Direct Manipulation ◽  
Design Elements ◽  
Interface Characteristics ◽  
Complete Set ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Conceptual Problems ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Shed Light

The term “direct manipulation” (or DM) often evokes images of interfaces which are intuitive, obvious, and easy to learn. We conducted an experiment to determine whether subjects could learn to use a DM interface without instruction, i.e., whether they could learn the interface syntax on their own merely by inspection and exploration of the interface. The research vehicle was a prototype DM applicationdesigned to allow end users to customize a telecommunications application. Three variations of the interface were created by manipulating elements of the DM syntax, specifically, moded operations and rules about selectingobjects before acting on them. Subjects carried out a set of five tasks in the presence of an experimenter, who was allowed to provide structured help when the subject could not make further progress. Results indicated that the syntax manipulations affected both the number and type of user errors and the amount of help needed to complete the tasks: the use of modes and selection rules significantly interfered with learning, and only four subjects out of thirty were able to perform the complete set of tasks without experimenter assistance. We also found, however, that more than half of the errors made by subjects were not directly related to syntax manipulations. These errors appear to stem more from conceptual problems, i.e., mismatches between the user's developing model of the interface and the model instantiated by the interface designer in the rules of interaction. These conceptual problems were observed across syntax manipulations and represent a significant portion of user's difficulties in learning the interface. Thus, our results shed light on the relationship between interface syntax, learning and usability in the DM paradigm, but they also point out the need for a cognitive account of the processes by which users acquire knowledge of interface characteristics and how that knowledge is related to interface design elements.

scholarly journals Punctuation Marks and Signs of Cessation in Qur`an: a comparative study

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-59
Author(s):  
Abdur-Rasheed Mahmoud-Mukadam
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Usual Treatment ◽  
Holy Quran ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Holy Quran ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Contemporary Writers ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Shed Light

The subject of punctuation in Arabic writing may be one of the topics in which there was a great deal of writing. However, the close look at this paper reveals that there are some new things that the researcher is interested in highlighting in this article. To clarify positions in the Holy Quran. And that some contemporary writers do not take into account the status of these signs and interesting situation in the appropriate places, but they refuse to take into account behind their appearance when writing Arabic became randomly writing, Based on the above, the researcher can shed light on the importance of these punctuation marks and indicate the relationship between them and the signs of the Qur`anic cessation, which does not mean the use of the first place with The existence of the connection and kinship between them; because the writing of Qur`an is descriptive, it could never be treated in the places of cessation and tone as   usual treatment of the normal writing.

Subacute thyroid and SARS-CoV-2 relationship

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (8) ◽  
pp. 2438-2441
Author(s):  
Bariş Sariakçali ◽  
Gülhan Duman
Keyword(s):  
Subacute Thyroiditis ◽  
Thyroid Ultrasonography ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Triggering Factor ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Organ Dysfunctions

Background: This study aims to research the relationship of subacute thyroiditis with SARS-CoV-2. The prevailing risks of predisposition to certain diseases or organ dysfunctions even after surviving the disease are discussed more frequently each day. Aim: Could SARS-CoV-2 be considered as a triggering factor in patients diagnosed with subacute thyroiditis? Investigating the relationship between subacute thyroiditis and SARS-CoV-2. Methods: Thirty-three patients diagnosed with subacute thyroiditis between 01.11.2020 and 01.04.2020 were included in the study. Patients who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 throughout the examinations performed at the time of the diagnosis for subacute thyroiditis and patients who were previously diagnosed with Covid-19, who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, and subsequently diagnosed with subacute thyroiditis within 30 days have been included in the study. Clinical evaluation of the patient, thyroid hormone values, CRP values, sedimentation levels, and thyroid ultrasonography images were considered to diagnose subacute thyroiditis; patients whose results were compatible with subacute thyroiditis were diagnosed with subacute thyroiditis, and they were included in the study. Results: It was found that 5 (15%) of the 33 patients included in the study had Covid-19 disease before the diagnosis of subacute thyroiditis and were isolated for the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Conclusion: The SARS-CoV-2 virus can be considered a triggering factor for subacute thyroiditis. We believe that researching this relationship on a broader patient population will bring more clarity to the subject. Although encountered in only one of our cases, the Coronavirus vaccine and SAT relationship may shed light on future studies. Keywords: Subacute thyroiditis, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19

“Calling Bullshit”

2021 ◽  
pp. 227-245
Author(s):  
Leonard Shedletsky ◽  
David F. Bantz ◽  
Jo Temah Gabrielski ◽  
Abou El-Makarim A. Aboueissa
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Intuitionist Model ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Shed Light

This chapter reports an original experimental study that explores the idea that “calling bullshit” may shed light on how we reach a conclusion quickly, following Mercier and Sperber's social intuitionist theory of how we reason. According to the social intuitionist model, instead of going from deliberating and finding reasons prior to arriving at conclusions, as in the rationalist model, we typically go from conclusions backwards to reasons. Little if any empirical research has studied how we come to the determination “that's bullshit,” especially our ability to decide that something is bullshit so quickly. This study explores the relationship between the strength of belief in four ideologies and the speed of “calling bullshit.” The experiment tests the effect of strength of belief in the worldviews of Individualism, Communitarianism, Hierarchicalism, and Egalitarianism. It also examines reaction time for instances of confirming versus disconfirming the subject's worldview as well as age of the subject.

GOSPEL, CULTURE, AND CULTURES:LESSLIE NEWBIGIN’S MISSIONARY CONTRIBUTION

2001 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 178-188
Author(s):  
Mike Goheen
Keyword(s):  
Western Culture ◽  
Paul Tillich ◽  
Great Loss ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Western Scholarship ◽  
Theology Of Culture ◽  
The One ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Shed Light

Lesslie Newbigin’s book Foolishness to the Greeks: The Gospel and Western Culture opens with an interesting observation. On the one hand, the relationship between the gospel and culture is not a new subject. One thinks, for example, of the classic study of H. Richard Niebuhr who proposed five models of the relation of Christ to culture, and of work of Paul Tillich who struggled toward, what he called, a ‘theology of culture’ (Niebuhr 1951; Tillich 1959). However, the majority of work has been done by scholars who have not had the missionary experience of communicating the gospel to a radically foreign culture. On the other hand, the last three decades have witnessed a spate of studies on the issue of gospel and culture within the discipline of missiology under the general rubric ‘contextualization studies.’1 Missionaries have become more aware of the western captivity of the gospel and have struggled fruitfully with the issues of gospel and culture, and gospel and cultures. Yet while “it has sought to explore the problems of contextualization in all the cultures of humankind from China to Peru, it has largely ignored the culture that is the most widespread, powerful, and persuasive among all contemporary cultures — namely . . . modern Western culture” (Newbigin 1986:2-3). To put Newbigin’s observation another way, the missionary experience and tradition has gained penetrating insight into the issues of gospel and culture, and gospel and cultures but this tradition has not been appropriated in mainstream western scholarship to shed light on the subject of gospel and culture, and more particularly on the relationship between the gospel and western culture. To my way of thinking, this is a great loss because the missionary experience of cross-cultural witness offers important insight into the gospel-culture relation.

scholarly journals Being perceptible: Animacy, existentiality and intersubjectivity in constructions with the Finnish verbkuulua‘to be perceptible (through hearing)’

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rea Peltola
Keyword(s):  
Sensory Input ◽  
Semantic Difference ◽  
The World ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Shed Light

This paper deals with the grammatical differences and overlaps between the uses of the Finnishkuuluaas a verb of auditory perceptibility (‘to be audible’) and as a verb of appearance, when employed in negative clauses (‘to be imperceptible (through unspecified sensory input)’). Both meanings entail perceptibility, existentiality and motion from the experienced towards the experiencer. However, they differ significantly in regard to the nature of the motion as well as the degree of animacy of the subject referent. As a verb of auditory perceptibility,kuuluaaccepts mainly inanimate subjects referring to a perceivable sound. As a verb of appearance,kuuluais mostly used with animate subjects. The semantic difference between the two constructions is accounted for in terms of objective and intersubjective meaning construal. The potential movement of a sound towards the experiencer concerns the relationship between the world and the subject of conceptualization, whereas the non-appearance of an animate being is viewed on the level of intersubjective cognitive coordination, with regard to interactional expectations. The results of this study shed light on the complex semantics of perceptibility. The analysis is based on 1,528 occurrences ofkuuluain dialectal and literary data.

The relationship of the scleractinian corals to the rugose corals

Paleobiology ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 6 (02) ◽  
pp. 146-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
William A. Oliver
Keyword(s):  
Critical Points ◽  
Scleractinian Corals ◽  
Convincing Evidence ◽  
Early Triassic ◽  
Rugose Corals ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Biologic Factors

The Mesozoic-Cenozoic coral Order Scleractinia has been suggested to have originated or evolved (1) by direct descent from the Paleozoic Order Rugosa or (2) by the development of a skeleton in members of one of the anemone groups that probably have existed throughout Phanerozoic time. In spite of much work on the subject, advocates of the direct descent hypothesis have failed to find convincing evidence of this relationship. Critical points are:(1) Rugosan septal insertion is serial; Scleractinian insertion is cyclic; no intermediate stages have been demonstrated. Apparent intermediates are Scleractinia having bilateral cyclic insertion or teratological Rugosa.(2) There is convincing evidence that the skeletons of many Rugosa were calcitic and none are known to be or to have been aragonitic. In contrast, the skeletons of all living Scleractinia are aragonitic and there is evidence that fossil Scleractinia were aragonitic also. The mineralogic difference is almost certainly due to intrinsic biologic factors.(3) No early Triassic corals of either group are known. This fact is not compelling (by itself) but is important in connection with points 1 and 2, because, given direct descent, both changes took place during this only stage in the history of the two groups in which there are no known corals.

HUBUNGAN GAYA BELAJAR SISWA TERHADAP ASPEK PENGETAHUAN SISWA PADA MATA PELAJARAN SISTEM KOMPUTER DI SMK IT RAHMATAN KARIMAH BENGKULU TENGAH

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (01) ◽  
pp. 13-20
Author(s):  
Dian Saputra
Keyword(s):  
Learning Styles ◽  
Computer System ◽  
Learning Style ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Visual Learning ◽  
Auditory Learning ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Post Test ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Relationship

This study aims to find out the relationship between learning style and students’ knowledge aspect on Computer System Subject at SMK IT Rahmatan Karimah of  Central Bengkulu, the type of research is quantitative and the subject of research is grade X in SMK IT Rahmatan Karimah of  Central Bengkulu. Data collection techniques using observation, Questionnaire and documentation. Data analysis techniques used were Descriptive Analysis, and inferential Statistical Analysis. The results of visual learning style post-test were 11 people with a mean of 76.36, an auditory learning style of 8 people at a mean of 62.14, a kinesthetic learning style of 3 people at a mean of 50.33, apart from that (r x y = 2.35) and the magnitude of r is reflected in the table (r table = 0.4132). Then rxy > r table ie = 2.35> 0.4132. In other words, Ho is rejected and Ha is accepted. It has a significant relationship between the learning styles of students and students’ knowledge aspect on Computer System Subject of grade X TKJ in SMK IT Rahmatan Karimah of  Central Bengkulu

Language, Politics and Society in the Middle East

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abeer AlNajjar
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Linguistic Landscape ◽  
Language Politics ◽  
Road Signs ◽  
Grassroots Initiatives ◽  
Language And Politics ◽  
Development Of Language ◽  
Core Questions ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Shed Light

This book aims to shed light on core questions relating to language and society, language and conflict, and language and politics, in relation to a changing Middle East. While the book focuses on Arabic, it goes way beyond a purely linguistic analysis by bringing to the fore a set of pressing questions about the relationship between Arabic and society. For example, it touches on the development of language policy via an examination of administrative mandates (top-down) in contrast to grassroots initiatives (bottom-up); the deeper layers of the linguistic landscape that highlight the connection between politics, conflict, identity, road signs and street names; Arabic studies and Arabic identity and the myriad ways countries deal simultaneously with globalisation while also seeking to strengthen local and national identity, and more.

The Miracles and Cult of St Margaret of Scotland

2018 ◽  
Vol 97 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
SangDong Lee
Keyword(s):  
Historical Research ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Relationship

Queen Margaret (1070–93) has been the subject of much historical research. Previous studies of the queen and later saint have been undertaken from several different perspectives, including the biographical, institutional and hagiographical. In addition, some scholars have focused on her piety and later cult. Although a saint's miracles were one of the significant elements affecting the development of a cult, far less interest has been shown in the geopolitical importance of the miracles attributed to St Margaret and the relationship between the miracles and the saint's cult. The intention of this paper is to examine the miracles attributed to St Margaret and to identify their characteristics within the context of their contribution to, and influence in, the development of her cult.

The Priority of Democracy

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack Knight ◽  
James Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Monetary Policy ◽  
Political Institutions ◽  
Federal Reserve ◽  
Democratic Politics ◽  
Institutional Choice ◽  
Democratic Process ◽  
Strong Case ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Relationship

Pragmatism and its consequences are central issues in American politics today, yet scholars rarely examine in detail the relationship between pragmatism and politics. This book systematically explores the subject and makes a strong case for adopting a pragmatist approach to democratic politics—and for giving priority to democracy in the process of selecting and reforming political institutions. What is the primary value of democracy? When should we make decisions democratically and when should we rely on markets? And when should we accept the decisions of unelected officials, such as judges or bureaucrats? This book explores how a commitment to pragmatism should affect our answers to such important questions. It concludes that democracy is a good way of determining how these kinds of decisions should be made—even if what the democratic process determines is that not all decisions should be made democratically. So, for example, the democratically elected U.S. Congress may legitimately remove monetary policy from democratic decision-making by putting it under the control of the Federal Reserve. This book argues that pragmatism offers an original and compelling justification of democracy in terms of the unique contributions democratic institutions can make to processes of institutional choice. This focus highlights the important role that democracy plays, not in achieving consensus or commonality, but rather in addressing conflicts. Indeed, the book suggest that democratic politics is perhaps best seen less as a way of reaching consensus or agreement than as a way of structuring the terms of persistent disagreement.

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