The Role of Human Factors Guidelines in Designing Usable Systems: A Case Study of Operating Room Equipment

Purpose: The aim of this article is to provide a case study example of the preopening phase of an interventional trauma operating room (ITOR) using systems-focused simulation and human factor evaluations for healthcare environment commissioning. Background: Systems-focused simulation, underpinned by human factors science, is increasingly being used as a quality improvement tool to test and evaluate healthcare spaces with the stakeholders that use them. Purposeful real-to-life simulated events are rehearsed to allow healthcare teams opportunity to identify what is working well and what needs improvement within the work system such as tasks, environments, and processes that support the delivery of healthcare services. This project highlights salient evaluation objectives and methods used within the clinical commissioning phase of one of the first ITORs in Canada. Methods: A multistaged evaluation project to support clinical commissioning was facilitated engaging 24 stakeholder groups. Key evaluation objectives highlighted include the evaluation of two transport routes, switching of operating room (OR) tabletops, the use of the C-arm, and timely access to lead in the OR. Multiple evaluation methods were used including observation, debriefing, time-based metrics, distance wheel metrics, equipment adjustment counts, and other transport route considerations. Results: The evaluation resulted in several types of data that allowed for informed decision making for the most effective, efficient, and safest transport route for an exsanguinating trauma patient and healthcare team; improved efficiencies in use of the C-arm, significantly reduced the time to access lead; and uncovered a new process for switching OR tabletop due to safety threats identified.

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Human Factors in Interactive Machine Learning: A Cybersecurity Case Study

Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting ◽

10.1177/1071181321651206 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 65 (1) ◽

pp. 1495-1499

Author(s):

Mark H. Chignell ◽

Mu-Huan Chung ◽

Yuhong Yang ◽

Greg Cento ◽

Abhay Raman

Keyword(s):

Machine Learning ◽

Human Factors ◽

Financial Services ◽

Explicit Knowledge ◽

Implicit Knowledge ◽

Cyber Attacks ◽

Transfer Data ◽

Interactive Machine Learning

Cybersecurity is emerging as a major issue for many organizations and countries. Machine learning has been used to recognize threats, but it is difficult to predict future threats based on past events, since malicious attackers are constantly finding ways to circumvent defences and the algorithms that they rely on. Interactive Machine learning (iML) has been developed as a way to combine human and algorithmic expertise in a variety of domains and we are currently applying it to cybersecurity. In this application of iML, implicit knowledge about human behaviour, and about the changing nature of threats, can supplement the explicit knowledge encoded in algorithms to create more effective defences against cyber-attacks. In this paper we present the example problem of data exfiltration where insiders, or outsiders masquerading as insiders, who copy and transfer data maliciously, against the interests of an organization. We will review human factors issues associated with the development of iML solutions for data exfiltration. We also present a case study involving development of an iML solution for a large financial services company. In this case study we review work carried out on developing visualization dashboards and discussing prospects for further iML integration. Our goal in writing this paper is to motivate future researchers to consider the role of the human more fully in ML, not only in the data exfiltration and cybersecurity domain but also in a range of other applications where human expertise is important and needs to combine with ML prediction to solve challenging problems.

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The Role of Human Factors in Requirements Engineering in Health Care: A Case Study in the Brazilianhealth Care System

Proceedings of the International Symposium on Human Factors and Ergonomics in Health Care ◽

10.1177/2327857915041002 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 6-11

Author(s):

Alessandro Jatobá ◽

Amauri M. Da Cunha ◽

Catherine M. Burns ◽

Mario Cesar R. Vidal ◽

Paulo Victor R. De Carvalho

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

Human Factors ◽

Requirements Engineering ◽

Care System

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Understanding Human Factors in Systems Selection and Implementation

International Journal of Strategic Information Technology and Applications ◽

10.4018/jsita.2010070102 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 1 (3) ◽

pp. 10-25

Author(s):

Konrad Peszynski

Keyword(s):

Human Factors ◽

Current Literature ◽

Power Relations ◽

The Political ◽

Dynamic Nature ◽

Systems Implementation ◽

The Social ◽

Front Stage

This study examines the role of power and politics in systems implementation. Current literature misses the complexities involved in systems implementation through human factors and the political nature of systems implementation and is simplistic in nature. The concept of power relations, as proposed by Foucault (1977, 1978), has been utilised by the authors to identify the dynamic nature of power and politics. A case study of the implementation of an enterprise-wide learning management system at Newlands University is presented and analysed using social dramas to distinguish between the front stage issues of power and hidden discourses. Challenges for power are acted out in the front stage, or public forums between various actors. The social dramas, as they have been described here, are superfluous to the discourse underpinning the front stage. Furthermore, the enactment of policy legitimises power and establishes the discourse, limiting resistance.

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Creativity in the Initial Phases of Architectural Design

Open House International ◽

10.1108/ohi-01-2017-b0005 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 42 (1) ◽

pp. 29-34 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Wael A. Abdelhameed

Keyword(s):

Quantitative Analysis ◽

General Theory ◽

Human Factors ◽

Architectural Design ◽

Design Thinking ◽

Qualitative And Quantitative Analysis ◽

Qualitative And Quantitative ◽

Design Factors

Creativity is viewed as vital for all design actions; however, creativity in general with its related cognition processes has no general theory. Creativity used in architectural design is different than creativity in other domains. This research proposes certain activities of the initial phases of architectural design, in which the role of creativity is distinguished. The research proceeds to present a case study of two architectural design studios in which a VR environment is employed in order to in-vestigate the effect of VR use on the creativity in those design phases. A methodol-ogy of qualitative and quantitative analysis has applied. Various architectural design factors are neutralized to overcome the influence generated from human factors variation and design thinking prejudice in architectural design and the associated ac-tivities.

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Understanding Human Factors in Systems Selection and Implementation

Virtual Learning Environments ◽

10.4018/978-1-4666-0011-9.ch607 ◽

2012 ◽

pp. 1232-1248

Author(s):

Konrad Peszynski

Keyword(s):

Human Factors ◽

Current Literature ◽

Management System ◽

Power Relations ◽

The Political ◽

Systems Implementation ◽

The Social ◽

Front Stage

This study examines the role of power and politics in systems implementation. Current literature misses the complexities involved in systems implementation through human factors and the political nature of systems implementation and is simplistic in nature. The concept of power relations, as proposed by Foucault (1977, 1978), has been utilised by the authors to identify the dynamic nature of power and politics. A case study of the implementation of an enterprise-wide learning management system at Newlands University is presented and analysed using social dramas to distinguish between the front stage issues of power and hidden discourses. Challenges for power are acted out in the front stage, or public forums between various actors. The social dramas, as they have been described here, are superfluous to the discourse underpinning the front stage. Furthermore, the enactment of policy legitimises power and establishes the discourse, limiting resistance.

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Asiana Airlines Flight 214

Aviation Psychology and Applied Human Factors ◽

10.1027/2192-0923/a000066 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 113-121 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Stephanie Chow ◽

Stephen Yortsos ◽

Najmedin Meshkati

Keyword(s):

Human Factors ◽

Aviation Safety ◽

Cultural Factors ◽

Vital Role ◽

Cultural Issues ◽

Flight Crew ◽

Pilot Performance ◽

Engineering Designs ◽

Flight Deck

This article focuses on a major human factors–related issue that includes the undeniable role of cultural factors and cockpit automation and their serious impact on flight crew performance, communication, and aviation safety. The report concentrates on the flight crew performance of the Boeing 777–Asiana Airlines Flight 214 accident, by exploring issues concerning mode confusion and autothrottle systems. It also further reviews the vital role of cultural factors in aviation safety and provides a brief overview of past, related accidents. Automation progressions have been created in an attempt to design an error-free flight deck. However, to do that, the pilot must still thoroughly understand every component of the flight deck – most importantly, the automation. Otherwise, if pilots are not completely competent in terms of their automation, the slightest errors can lead to fatal accidents. As seen in the case of Asiana Flight 214, even though engineering designs and pilot training have greatly evolved over the years, there are many cultural, design, and communication factors that affect pilot performance. It is concluded that aviation systems designers, in cooperation with pilots and regulatory bodies, should lead the strategic effort of systematically addressing the serious issues of cockpit automation, human factors, and cultural issues, including their interactions, which will certainly lead to better solutions for safer flights.

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