Assessing Team Knowledge Structures: Findings from the Field

1998 ◽  
Vol 42 (20) ◽  
pp. 1417-1421 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Gualtieri ◽  
John Burns ◽  
Donita Phipps ◽  
Darian Reeves ◽  
Linda Pierce
Keyword(s):  
Research Effort ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Reliable Measurement ◽  
Current Effort ◽  
Cognitive Representations ◽  
Team Members ◽  
Using Data ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

The factors that impact teams' cognitive representations of the systems with which they interact is an area of concentrated research effort. Not surprisingly, research indicates that these cognitive representations impact the team's functioning with the system. Despite the importance of these cognitive representations and their impact on performance, valid and reliable measurement in naturalistic environments remains elusive. Validity and reliability of a measure are especially important to assess the impact of training. The purpose of the current effort is to evaluate the efficacy of a particular knowledge elicitation and representation methodology. A demonstration of this methodology will be presented using data collected from the command and control elements of a Division Artillery (DIVARTY) command staff. Results indicate that this methodology distinguishes differences in team members' mental models as a function of expertise and subteam membership. Implications of these differences for training are discussed, as well as directions for future research.

scholarly journals Phony peach disease: past and present impact on the peach industry in the southeastern U.S.A

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kendall A. Johnson ◽  
Clive H. Bock ◽  
Phillip M. Brannen
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Disease Epidemiology ◽  
Pathogen Diversity ◽  
Foundational Research ◽  
Global Threat ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Phony peach disease (PPD) is caused by the plant pathogenic bacterium Xylella fastidiosa subsp. multiplex (Xfm). Historically, the disease has caused severe yield loss in Georgia and elsewhere in the southeastern United States, with millions of PPD trees being removed from peach orchards over the last century. The disease remains a production constraint, and management options are few. Limited research has been conducted on PPD since the 1980s, but the advent of new technologies offers the opportunity for new, foundational research to form a basis for informed management of PPD in the U.S. Furthermore, considering the global threat of Xylella to many plant species, preventing import of Xfm to other regions, particularly where peach is grown, should be considered an important phytosanitary endeavor. Main topics We review PPD, its history and impact on peach production, and the eradication efforts that were conducted for 42 years. Additionally, we review the current knowledge of the pathogen, Xfm, and how that knowledge relates to our understanding of the peach—Xylella pathosystem, including the epidemiology of the disease and consideration of the vectors. Methods used to detect the pathogen in peach are discussed, and ramifications of detection in relation to management and control of PPD are considered. Control options for PPD are limited. Our current knowledge of the pathogen diversity and disease epidemiology are described, and based on this, some potential areas for future research are also considered. Conclusion There is a lack of recent foundational research on PPD and the associated strain of Xfm. More research is needed to reduce the impact of this pathogen on peach production in the southeastern U.S., and, should it spread internationally, wherever peaches are grown.

Development and Validation of the Korean Rape Myth Acceptance Scale

2004 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 301-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Euna Oh ◽  
Helen Neville
Keyword(s):  
Sex Role ◽  
Rape Myth Acceptance ◽  
Rape Myth ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Acceptance Scale ◽  
Attitudes Toward Sex ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Myth Acceptance

The purpose of this investigation was to develop a culturally relevant rape myth acceptance scale for Koreans. Three studies on the Korean Rape Myth Acceptance Scale (KRMAS) with approximately 1,000 observations provide initial validity and reliability. Specifically, results from exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses support four subscales: myths about rape survivors, rape perpetrators, the impact of rape, and rape as spontaneous. The KRMAS was validated with student and community samples and a factorial invariance analysis provided evidence for the factor structure across men and women. The KRMAS total score was positively related to the Attitudes Toward Sex Role Scale–Korean and the Acceptance of Violence Scale, indicating that greater endorsement of rape myth acceptance was related to greater levels of attitudes toward traditional sex roles and violence against women. Implications of the findings and future research directions are provided.

The Effect of Concealed Handgun Carry Deregulation in Arizona on Crime in Tucson

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (8) ◽  
pp. 1186-1203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael R. Smith ◽  
Matthew Petrocelli
Keyword(s):  
El Paso ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Multiple Time ◽  
Multiple Time Series ◽  
Training Requirements ◽  
State Adoption ◽  
Concealed Carry ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact ◽  
And Training

In 2010, the Arizona legislature effectively deregulated concealed handgun carry in the state by passing Senate Bill (SB) 1108, which eliminated licensing and training requirements for concealed carry. Although researchers have extensively examined the impact of state adoption of concealed carry laws, almost nothing is known about the effects of deregulating concealed carry altogether. This study contributes to the more guns, less crime debate by examining the impact of Arizona’s decision to deregulate concealed carry. Using a multiple time-series research design with an experimental (Tucson) and control city (El Paso), the present study examines the impact of deregulation on handgun-related violent crime and gun larcenies in Arizona’s second largest city—Tucson. We find that the passage of SB 1108 had no impact on handgun-related offenses that could be expected to change following deregulation. The implications of these findings for policy making and future research are discussed.

scholarly journals SARS-CoV-2 transmission and control in a hospital setting: an individual-based modelling study

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qimin Huang ◽  
Anirban Mondal ◽  
Xiaobing Jiang ◽  
Mary Ann Horn ◽  
Fei Fan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Hospital Setting ◽  
Credible Interval ◽  
Hospital Unit ◽  
Early Implementation ◽  
Using Data ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Pharmaceutical Interventions ◽  
Outbreak Size

Development of strategies for mitigating the severity of COVID-19 is now a top public health priority. We sought to assess strategies for mitigating the COVID-19 outbreak in a hospital setting via the use of non-pharmaceutical interventions. We developed an individual-based model for COVID-19 transmission in a hospital setting. We calibrated the model using data of a COVID-19 outbreak in a hospital unit in Wuhan. The calibrated model was used to simulate different intervention scenarios and estimate the impact of different interventions on outbreak size and workday loss. The use of high-efficacy facial masks was shown to be able to reduce infection cases and workday loss by 80% (90% credible interval (CrI): 73.1–85.7%) and 87% (CrI: 80.0–92.5%), respectively. The use of social distancing alone, through reduced contacts between healthcare workers, had a marginal impact on the outbreak. Our results also indicated that a quarantine policy should be coupled with other interventions to achieve its effect. The effectiveness of all these interventions was shown to increase with their early implementation. Our analysis shows that a COVID-19 outbreak in a hospital's non-COVID-19 unit can be controlled or mitigated by the use of existing non-pharmaceutical measures.

The Impact of Job Characteristics on Burnout Among Chinese Correctional Workers

2016 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 551-570 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaohong Jin ◽  
Ivan Y. Sun ◽  
Shanhe Jiang ◽  
Yongchun Wang ◽  
Shufang Wen
Keyword(s):  
Role Conflict ◽  
Job Stress ◽  
Correctional Officers ◽  
Job Characteristics ◽  
Community Correction ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Role Clarity ◽  
Occupational Burnout ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Impact

Job burnout has long been recognized as a common occupational hazard among correctional workers. Although past studies have investigated the effects of job-related characteristics on correctional staff burnout in Western societies, this line of research has largely been absent from the literature on community corrections in China. Using data collected from 225 community correction workers in a Chinese province, this study assessed the effects of positive and negative job characteristics on occupational burnout. Positive job characteristics included job autonomy, procedural justice, and role clarity. Negative characteristics included role conflict, job stress, and job dangerousness. As expected, role clarity tended to reduce burnout, whereas role conflict, job stress, and job dangerousness were likely to produce greater burnout among Chinese community correction workers. Male correctional officers were also subjected to a higher level of burnout than their female coworkers. Implications for future research and policy were discussed.

Cybercrime's tendencies of the teenagers in the COVID-19 era: assessing the influence of mobile games, social networks and religious attitudes

Kybernetes ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Li ◽  
Jiaze Li ◽  
Qi Fan ◽  
Zhihong Wang
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
High Schools ◽  
Computer Games ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Mobile Games ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Religious Attitudes ◽  
The Impact

PurposeThe teenager community is the most affected community by cybercrime in the COVID-19 era. Increasing social networks and facilitating teenager access to the Internet have increased the probability of cybercrimes. On the other hand, entertainment such as mobile and computer games is top-rated among teenagers. Teenagers' tendency to cybercrime may be influenced by individual, parent, social, economic and political factors. Studying the impact of social networks, mobile games and parents' religious attitudes on teenagers' tendency to cybercrimes in the COVID-19 era is the primary goal of this paper.Design/methodology/approachThe outbreak of COVID-19 caused a considerable change in the world and the lifestyle of all people. Information and Communication Technology (ICT) was also affected by the special conditions of this virus. Changes in ICT and rapid access to it have empowered individuals and organizations, and people have increased civic participation and interaction through ICT. However, the outbreak of COVID-19 has created new challenges for the government and citizens and may cause new crimes. Cybercrime is a type of crime that occurs in a cyber environment. These crimes range from invasions of privacy to crimes in which the offender vaguely paralyzes the macroeconomic. In this research, 265 students of high schools and universities are used for collecting data by utilizing a survey. Measuring actions have been done in all surveys employing a Likert scale. The causal pattern is assessed through a constructional equation modeling procedure to study the scheme's validity and reliability.FindingsThe outcomes have indicated that social networks have no significant relationship with teenagers' tendency to cybercrimes in the COVID-19 era. Mobile games have a mild effect on teenagers' tendency to cybercrimes in the COVID-19 era, and parents' religious attitudes significantly impact teenagers' tendency to cybercrimes in the COVID-19 era.Research limitations/implicationsCurrent research also has some restrictions that must be noticed in assessing the outcomes. First, sample research was selected from high schools and universities in one city. So, the size of the model is small, and the generalization of results is limited. Second, this research may have ignored other variables that affect the tendency of teenagers' to cybercrime. Future researchers intend to investigate the parents' upbringing system's impact on teenager's trend to cybercrime in the COVID-19 era. Future research can also examine practical factors such as parental upbringing, attitudes toward technology development and virtual addiction in the COVID-19 era.Originality/valueIn this study, teenagers' tendency to cybercrimes in the COVID-19 era is investigated, and a procedure is applied depending on a practical occasion. This article's offered sample provides a perfect framework for influencing parents' social networks, mobile games and religious attitudes on teenagers' tendency to cybercrimes in the COVID-19 era.

An Investigation of the Development of Shared Leadership on the Six Sigma Project Life Cycle

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 15-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian J Galli ◽  
Mohamad Amin Kaviani ◽  
Eleonora Bottani ◽  
Teresa Murino
Keyword(s):  
Six Sigma ◽  
Shared Leadership ◽  
Management Communication ◽  
Team Members ◽  
Organizational Issues ◽  
Five Phases ◽  
Project Life ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Project Lifecycle

The purpose of this study is to map out the relationship between shared leadership (SL) and Six Sigma (6S) project lifecycle. More specifically, the impact of SL and team members' perceived challenges in each of the five phases of the DMAIC (define, measure, analyze, improve, and control) 6S methodology is studied. Furthermore, general organizational issues that affect both SL development and the 6S model are identified. The results demonstrate that several factors, namely, change management, communication, phase deliverables, coaching style, and decision-making methods, affect usage performance of SL throughout the phases. This study helps managers to look at the 6S projects from an SL perspective and shows how to manage the 6S project lifecycle more efficiently.

scholarly journals The Efficacy of Ethnic Stacking: Military Defection during Uprisings in Africa

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 695-702 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julien Morency-Laflamme ◽  
Theodore McLauchlin
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Group Loyalty ◽  
Limited Support ◽  
History Of ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Does ethnic stacking in the armed forces help prevent military defection? Recent research, particularly in Africa and the Middle East, suggests so; by favoring in-groups, regimes can keep in-group soldiers loyal. In-group loyalty comes at the cost of antagonizing members of out-groups, but many regimes gladly run that risk. In this research note, we provide the first large-scale evidence on the impact of ethnic stacking on the incidence of military defection during uprisings from below, using data on fifty-seven popular uprisings in Africa since formal independence. We find clear evidence for the downside: ethnic stacking is associated with more frequent defection if out-group members are still dominant in the armed forces. We find more limited support for the hypothesized payoff. Ethnic stacking may reduce the risk of defection, but only in regimes without a recent history of coup attempts. Future research should therefore trace the solidification of ethnic stacking over time.

Outliers in L2 Research in Applied Linguistics: A Synthesis and Data Re-Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 26-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Nicklin ◽  
Luke Plonsky
Keyword(s):  
Phase I ◽  
Relative Effectiveness ◽  
Reaction Time Data ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Raw Data ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Impact

AbstractData from self-paced reading (SPR) tasks are routinely checked for statistical outliers (Marsden, Thompson, & Plonsky, 2018). Such data points can be handled in a variety of ways (e.g., trimming, data transformation), each of which may influence study results in a different manner. This two-phase study sought, first, to systematically review outlier handling techniques found in studies that involve SPR and, second, to re-analyze raw data from SPR tasks to understand the impact of those techniques. Toward these ends, in Phase I, a sample of 104 studies that employed SPR tasks was collected and coded for different outlier treatments. As found in Marsden et al. (2018), wide variability was observed across the sample in terms of selection of time and standard deviation (SD)-based boundaries for determining what constitutes a legitimate reading time (RT). In Phase II, the raw data from the SPR studies in Phase I were requested from the authors. Nineteen usable datasets were obtained and re-analyzed using data transformations, SD boundaries, trimming, and winsorizing, in order to test their relative effectiveness for normalizing SPR reaction time data. The results suggested that, in the vast majority of cases, logarithmic transformation circumvented the need for SD boundaries, which blindly eliminate or alter potentially legitimate data. The results also indicated that choice of SD boundary had little influence on the data and revealed no meaningful difference between trimming and winsorizing, implying that blindly removing data from SPR analyses might be unnecessary. Suggestions are provided for future research involving SPR data and the handling of outliers in second language (L2) research more generally.

Stopping Out and Going Back: The Impact of Educational Attainment on Criminal Desistance Among Stopped-Out Offenders

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 527-554 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Abeling-Judge
Keyword(s):  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Degree Attainment ◽  
Longitudinal Survey ◽  
Drop Out ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Desistance From Crime ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Educational Pursuits ◽  
Specific Degree

Education has been consistently studied as a source of crime prevention and control, but the relevance of returning and completing educational degrees among offenders who drop out, as an opportunity to further the process of desistance, has not received empirical attention. The current study addresses this gap in desistance research by examining the impact of educational return and specific degree attainment on desistance from crime using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997. Results indicate that reenrolling in educational pursuits can produce partial desistance effects as does specific degree attainment. The findings suggest a reconsideration of education as both a source of prevention and desistance and expands theoretical and practical discussion of desistance through educational pursuits.

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