Nutrition Counseling Increases Fruit and Vegetable Intake in the Edentulous

Edentulous denture-wearers eat fewer fruits and vegetables than do comparable dentate individuals. Improved chewing ability with new dentures has resulted in little dietary improvement, suggesting that dietary intervention is necessary. The objective of this randomized controlled trial was to have a positive impact upon dietary behavior of patients receiving replacement complete dentures through a tailored dietary intervention. Readiness to change diet (Stage of Change), intake of fruits, vegetables, and nutrients, and chewing ability were assessed pre-and 6 weeks post-intervention. The intervention group (n = 30) received two dietary counseling sessions; the control group (n = 28) received current standard care. Perceived chewing ability significantly increased in both groups. There was significantly more movement from pre-action into action Stages of Change in the intervention group, who had a greater increase in fruit/vegetable consumption (+209 g/d) than did the control group (+26 g/d) (P = 0.001). Tailored dietary intervention contemporaneous with replacement dentures can positively change dietary behavior.

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Randomized controlled trial of educational intervention to increase consumption of vegetables by Japanese university students

Health Education ◽

10.1108/he-12-2017-0070 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 118 (4) ◽

pp. 290-303 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Makoto Ohtsuki ◽

Katsumi Shibata ◽

Tutomu Fukuwatari ◽

Yuko Sasaki ◽

Kunihiko Nakai

Keyword(s):

Randomized Controlled Trial ◽

University Students ◽

Intervention Studies ◽

Vegetable Intake ◽

Vegetable Consumption ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Intervention Group ◽

Control Group ◽

Content Type ◽

Randomized Controlled

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the effect of an educational intervention to increase vegetable consumption by university students. Design/methodology/approach This study is an open, parallel randomized controlled trial for 25 weeks. University students aged 18-24 years were divided into an intervention group (n=52) and a control group (n=52). Vegetable intake was assessed using a questionnaire. Findings On investigation, the results indicated that the vegetable intake of the intervention group was well maintained at the end of the study, whereas that of the control group was significantly decreased by the seasonal change. This research showed that using three educational projects could significantly improve the vegetable consumption of university students. Research limitations/implications These results suggest that the educational approach is a promising method to improve the vegetable consumption status, particularly the consumption of green and yellow vegetables, by university students. Originality/value This parallel randomized controlled study investigated intervention via educational approaches, including a lecture on the nutritional significance of vegetable intake, a tour of an agricultural farm, and learning of cooking skills, focusing on increasing the consumption of vegetables by university students. Although there have been many intervention studies aimed at improving intake of vegetables in the world, there have been no intervention studies on the vegetable intake of young adults in Japan.

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A 6-Month Randomized Trial of a Smartphone Application, UControlDrink, in Aiding Recovery in Alcohol Use Disorder

European Addiction Research ◽

10.1159/000519945 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-12

Author(s):

Conor Farren ◽

Aoife Farrell ◽

Aisling Hagerty ◽

Cliodhna McHugh

Keyword(s):

Alcohol Use ◽

Text Messaging ◽

Alcohol Use Disorder ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Intervention Group ◽

Heavy Drinking ◽

Smartphone Application ◽

Smartphone App ◽

Control Group

Background and Aims: Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a substantial problem, causing early death and great economic burden. Research has highlighted the potential positive impact of technological interventions, such as smartphone applications (app) in treatment of AUD. The aim of this study was to explore the effectiveness of a smartphone app, incorporating computerized cognitive behavioural therapy and text messaging support, on alcohol outcomes over 6 months in a post-rehabilitation setting. Methods: A total of 111 participants with AUD were recruited into this randomized controlled trial, following completion of a 30-day rehabilitation programme. The intervention group (n = 54) used the smartphone app “UControlDrink” (UCD) over 6 months with treatment as usual (TAU), and the control group (n = 57) received TAU. All subjects suffered from AUD as the primary disorder, with other major psychiatric disorders excluded. All intervention subjects used the UCD smartphone app in the treatment trial, and all subjects underwent TAU consisting of outpatient weekly support groups. Drinking history in the previous 90 days was measured at baseline and at 3- and 6-month follow-ups. Additional measurements were made to assess mood, anxiety, craving, and motivation. Results were analysed using intention-to-treat analyses. Results: Retention in the study was 72% at 3 months and 52% at 6 months. There was a significant reduction in heavy drinking days in the intervention group relative to TAU over the 6 months, p < 0.02. Conclusions: The UCD smartphone app demonstrates a significant benefit to reducing heavy drinking days over a 6-month post-rehabilitation period in AUD.

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A Lifestyle (Dietary) Intervention Reduces Tiredness in Children with Subclinical Hypothyroidism, a Randomized Controlled Trial

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph17103689 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (10) ◽

pp. 3689

Author(s):

Ellen van der Gaag ◽

Job van der Palen ◽

Pim Schaap ◽

Mirthe van Voorthuizen ◽

Thalia Hummel

Keyword(s):

Lipid Profile ◽

Subclinical Hypothyroidism ◽

Dietary Intervention ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Intervention Group ◽

Well Being ◽

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽

Control Group ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Scale Scores

Purpose: Subclinical hypothyroidism (SH) in children and adults is a subject for discussion in terms of whether to treat it or not with respect to the short-term clinical implications and consequences of SH and in the long term. If treatment with thyroxine supplementation is not indicated, no other treatment is available. We investigated whether a lifestyle (dietary) intervention improves or normalizes SH or decreases the presence of Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) and/or tiredness. Methods: We randomized children aged 1–12 years with SH to the control group (standard care = no treatment) or intervention group (dietary intervention). The dietary intervention consisted of green vegetables, beef, whole milk and butter for 6 months. The rest of the diet remained unchanged. We measured TSH, FreeT4, Lipid profile, Body Mass Index (BMI) and Pediatric Quality of Life (PedQL) multidimensional fatigue scale scores. Results: In total, 62 children were included. After 6 months, TSH decreased in both groups without a significant difference between the groups (p = 0.98). PedQL fatigue scores for sleep (p = 0.032) and total fatigue scores (p = 0.039) improved significantly in the intervention group, compared to the control group. No unfavorable effects occurred in the lipid profile or BMI. Conclusion: The lifestyle (dietary) intervention did not normalize SH and TSH levels, but it significantly reduced tiredness. These results suggest that children’s well-being can be improved without medication.

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Effects of a kindergarten intervention on vegetables served and staff’s food-related practices: results of a cluster randomised controlled trial – the BRA study

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s1368980019003963 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 23 (6) ◽

pp. 1117-1126

Author(s):

Anne Himberg-Sundet ◽

Anne Lene Kristiansen ◽

Lene Frost Andersen ◽

Mona Bjelland ◽

Nanna Lien

Keyword(s):

Randomised Controlled Trial ◽

Vegetable Intake ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Intervention Group ◽

Cluster Randomised Controlled Trial ◽

Control Group ◽

Public And Private ◽

Cluster Randomised ◽

Block Randomisation ◽

Randomised Controlled

AbstractObjective:The aim of the current study was to evaluate the effect on frequency, variety and amount of vegetables served and staff’s food-related practices in the multicomponent BRA intervention.Design:Cluster randomised controlled trial, conducted between Spring 2015 and Spring 2016. For allocation of the kindergartens, a stratified block randomisation was used. Data were collected in three ways: (i) a questionnaire for pedagogical leaders assessing the variety and frequency of vegetables served, including staff’s food-related practices assumed to be related to vegetable intake; (ii) a questionnaire for kindergarten assistants assessing staff’s food-related practices; (iii) a 5-d weighted vegetable diary assessing amount of vegetables served in a department.Setting:The target group for this study was public and private kindergartens in the counties of Vestfold and Buskerud, Norway.Participants:A total of seventy-three kindergartens participated.Results:At follow-up I, the amount of vegetables served increased by approximately 20 g per person per day (P = 0·002), and the variety in served vegetables increased by one-and-a-half kind per month (P = 0·014) in the intervention group compared to the control group. No effects on the frequency of vegetables served or on staff’s food-related practices were found.Conclusions:The BRA intervention was successful in increasing the amount and variety of vegetables served within intervention kindergartens. Further research is needed to understand the mechanisms that can affect the staff’s food-related practices.

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Malnutrition in an obese world: Can a dietary intervention improve iron status in pre-school children?

Proceedings of The Nutrition Society ◽

10.1017/s0029665120003316 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 79 (OCE2) ◽

Author(s):

Ellen van der Gaag ◽

Kim Grootelaar ◽

Thalia Hummel

Keyword(s):

Iron Deficiency ◽

School Children ◽

Dietary Intervention ◽

Growth Parameters ◽

Iron Status ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Intervention Group ◽

Dietary Advice ◽

Control Group ◽

National Guidelines

AbstractIntroduction:In previous studies iron deficiency was present in preschool children in the developed world1. The objective of this randomized controlled trial was to investigate whether iron deficiency was present in pre-school children and to what extend laboratory values could be improved with a nutrient rich diet.Material and Methods:A diet consisting of green vegetables, beef, full-fat milk and butter was developed. This diet comes close to the traditional Dutch diet from a century ago. All food products were in age appropriate portions, according to the national guidelines. Children aged one to four years, who were referred to the paediatrician due to recurrent URTI (without immunologic disorders) were allocated to the intervention or the control group. Both groups were given standard care. The intervention group was also given the dietary advise. All parents were asked to note of daily food intake.Results:No iron deficiency was present in our group of 1–4 years old. Mean Hb was 7.3 mmol/l in both groups. After following the dietary advice for 6 months,the hemoglobulin (Hb) concentration increased in both groups, but a little more in the intervention group :(0,280 mmol/l; p < 0,001 in the dietary intervention group and 0,214 mmol/l in the control group; p = 0,003). MCV values increased in the interventiongroup from 77.9 to 78.8 fl (p = 0.007) whereas a smaller increase was visible in the control group ;78.5 to 78.9 fl (p = 0.18). Ferritin, a marker for iron status but also a marker for inflammation, decreased non-significantly in both groups. There was a significantly correlation with decreasing CRP levels, therefore indicating a decrease in inflammation and not merely representing iron status. Growth parameters (weight, height or BMI) did not change significantly in both groups.Discussion and Conclusion:NoHb deficiency was present in our research population. However, a diet consisting of green vegetables, beef, full-fat milk and butter did improve the iron status in pre-school children. Hb and MCV values increased, suggesting some evidence of subclinical iron deficiency in this group.

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Effectiveness of a digital dietary intervention program targeting young adults before parenthood: protocol for the PREPARED randomised controlled trial

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2021-055116 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (12) ◽

pp. e055116

Author(s):

Nina Cecilie Øverby ◽

Anine C Medin ◽

Erlend Larsen Valen ◽

Lorentz Salvesen ◽

Andrew Keith Wills ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Young Adults ◽

Intervention Program ◽

Dietary Intervention ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Intervention Group ◽

Perinatal Outcomes ◽

Dietary Behaviour ◽

Control Group ◽

Next Generation ◽

Maternal Risk

IntroductionThe importance of preconception health for lifelong physical and mental health in the next generation has gained increasing recognition in recent years. Preconception paternal and maternal risk factors such as obesity and inadequate diet affect the metabolic and cardiovascular health of their offspring later in life. This highlights the importance of diet and dietary behaviour in the years before parenthood. In our project, PREPARED, we will evaluate the effectiveness of a digital intervention targeting young adults. Our primary aim is to improve participants’ preconception diet, and our secondary aim is to improve preconception quality of life and maternal and child perinatal outcomes.Methods and analysisWe plan to recruit 7000 men and women individually, aged 20–35 years without children, to be randomised to an intervention or a control group. The intervention group will receive access to a digital resource for 6 months promoting a healthy diet for their health now, later in life and for the next generation. Follow-up is up to 20 years or until they have their first child. To evaluate intervention effects, we will collect dietary data (2×24-hour dietary recalls and a screener). For those participants for which birth ensues, we will link study data with data from the Medical Birth Registry of Norway on maternal and child perinatal outcomes.Ethics and disseminationThe study is approved by the Regional Ethics Committee, the Norwegian Data Protection Service and our Faculty Ethical Committee (REC: 78104, NSD: 907212, FEC 20/10119). Participation is voluntary and all participants will provide informed consent. Participants can withdraw their consent without giving any reason. Findings will be communicated to the public through a project website and social media, and to professionals through conferences and peer-reviewed papers.Trial registration numberISRCTN44294662.

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A web-based dietary intervention in early pregnancy and neonatal outcomes: a randomized controlled trial

Journal of Public Health ◽

10.1093/pubmed/fdy117 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 41 (2) ◽

pp. 371-378 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

R A K Kennedy ◽

C M E Reynolds ◽

S Cawley ◽

E O’Malley ◽

D M McCartney ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Randomized Controlled Trial ◽

Standard Care ◽

Dietary Intervention ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Intervention Group ◽

Neonatal Outcomes ◽

Dietary Behaviour ◽

Control Group ◽

Evidence Based ◽

Randomized Controlled

Abstract Background Maternal nutrition is a determinant of pregnancy outcomes. Few studies have evaluated the potential of online nutrition resources to modify behaviour. This randomized controlled trial aimed to determine whether access to a customized evidence-based nutrition website in pregnancy improved neonatal outcomes. Methods Women <18 weeks gestation were recruited at their convenience. The control group received standard care. In addition to standard care, the intervention group received access to an evidence-based nutrition website, customized to the preferences of pregnant women. Results Of the 250 women, there were no differences in characteristics between the two groups. Of the women, 91.0% reported they make a conscious effort currently to eat a healthy diet. However, only 19.6% met dietary requirements for calcium, 13.2% for iron, 2.7% for folate and 2.3% for iodine. The most popular website section was pregnancy nutrition advice but engagement was not sustained. Access to the website was not associated with any improvement in clinical outcomes (P > 0.05). Conclusions We found that provision of a customized website providing nutrition information, did not improve neonatal outcomes. Future studies should explore whether redesign with website interactivity or embedding information on popular digital platforms sustains women’s engagement and modifies dietary behaviour.

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Transtheoretical model for change in obese adolescents: MERC randomized clinical trial

Journal of Health Psychology ◽

10.1177/1359105318793189 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 25 (13-14) ◽

pp. 2272-2285 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Raquel de Melo Boff ◽

Marina Alves Dornelles ◽

Ana Maria Pandolfo Feoli ◽

Andreia da Silva Gustavo ◽

Margareth da Silva Oliveira

Keyword(s):

Transtheoretical Model ◽

Readiness To Change ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Intervention Group ◽

Transtheoretical Model Of Change ◽

Control Group ◽

Obese Adolescents ◽

Randomized Controlled ◽

Significant Difference ◽

And Control

The randomized controlled trial evaluated the effectiveness of an intervention based on the Transtheoretical Model of Change on anthropometric, metabolic and motivational outcomes in obese adolescents. A total of 135 male and female adolescents were randomized to two groups: intervention group ( n = 65) and control group ( n = 70). The adolescents were evaluated 1 week before the interventions began and at the end of 12 weeks. There was no statistically significant difference between groups in the outcome variables. Intervention group reported magnitude of effect more expressive on body mass index percentile, waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, readiness to change diet and readiness to start exercise.

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TAS2R38 predisposition to bitter taste associated with differential changes in vegetable intake in response to a community-based dietary intervention

10.1101/249763 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Larissa Calancie ◽

Thomas C. Keyserling ◽

Lindsey Smith-Taillie ◽

Kimberly Robasky ◽

Cam Patterson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dietary Intervention ◽

Bitter Taste ◽

Vegetable Intake ◽

Vegetable Consumption ◽

Taste Receptor ◽

Intervention Group ◽

Taste Perception ◽

Dietary Interventions ◽

Community Based ◽

Consumption Frequency

AbstractBackgroundAlthough vegetable consumption is associated with decreased risk for a variety of chronic diseases, few Americans meet the CDC recommendations for vegetable intake. The TAS2R38 gene encodes a taste receptor that confers bitter taste sensing from chemicals found in some vegetables. Common polymorphisms in TAS2R38, including rs713598, rs1726866, and rs10246939, lead to coding substitutions that alter receptor function and result in the loss of bitter taste perception.ObjectiveOur study examines whether bitter taste perception TAS2R38 diplotypes were associated with vegetable consumption in participants enrolled in either an enhanced or a minimal nutrition counseling intervention within a community-based dietary intervention.MethodsDNA was isolated from the peripheral blood cells of study participants (N = 497) and analyzed for polymorphisms using genotyping arrays. The Block Fruit and Vegetable screener was used to determine frequency of vegetable consumption. Mixed effects models were used to test differences in frequency of vegetable consumption between intervention and genotype groups over time.ResultsThere was no association between baseline vegetable consumption frequency and the bitter taste diplotype (p = 0.937), however after six months of the intervention, we observed an interaction between bitter taste diplotypes and time (p = 0.046). Participants in the enhanced intervention increased their vegetable consumption frequency (p = 0.020) and within this intervention group, the non-bitter and intermediate-bitter tasting participants had the largest increase in vegetable consumption. In contrast, in the minimal intervention group, the bitter tasting participants reported a decrease in vegetable consumption.ConclusionsNon‐ and intermediate-bitter taste blind participants increased vegetable consumption in either intervention group more than those who perceive bitterness. Future applications of precision medicine could consider genetic variation in bitter taste perception genes when designing dietary interventions.Author summaryMost Americans under consume vegetables, despite clear associations between vegetable consumption and health benefits. Vegetables, such as broccoli, kale, and Brussels sprouts, contain bitter-tasting compounds, leading to taste aversion. Common polymorphisms on the TAS2R38 taste receptor gene (rs713598, rs1726866, and rs10246939) influence the perception of bitter taste. We tested whether genetic predisposition to bitter taste influenced vegetable intake in a dietary intervention and found that TAS2R38 diplotypes were related to vegetable consumption. Combining precision medicine approaches that identify taste profiles and personalizing dietary advice could help engage intervention participants and improve the impact of dietary interventions.

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A co-designed mHealth programme to support healthy lifestyles in Māori and Pasifika peoples in New Zealand (OL@-OR@): a cluster-randomised controlled trial

10.26686/wgtn.12551573 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

C Ni Mhurchu ◽

Lisa Te Morenga ◽

R Tupai-Firestone ◽

J Grey ◽

Y Jiang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

New Zealand ◽

Vegetable Intake ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Intervention Group ◽

Cluster Randomised Controlled Trial ◽

Control Group ◽

Health Related ◽

Randomised Controlled ◽

And Control ◽

Health Related Behaviour

© 2019 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license Background: The OL@-OR@ mobile health programme was co-designed with Māori and Pasifika communities in New Zealand, to support healthy lifestyle behaviours. We aimed to determine whether use of the programme improved adherence to health-related guidelines among Māori and Pasifika communities in New Zealand compared with a control group on a waiting list for the programme. Methods: The OL@-OR@ trial was a 12-week, two-arm, cluster-randomised controlled trial. A cluster was defined as any distinct location or setting in New Zealand where people with shared interests or contexts congregated, such as churches, sports clubs, and community groups. Members of a cluster were eligible to participate if they were aged 18 years or older, had regular access to a mobile device or computer, and had regular internet access. Clusters of Māori and of Pasifika (separately) were randomly assigned (1:1) to either the intervention or control condition. The intervention group received the OL@-OR@ mHealth programme (smartphone app and website). The control group received a control version of the app that only collected baseline and outcome data. The primary outcome was self-reported adherence to health-related guidelines, which were measured with a composite health behaviour score (of physical activity, smoking, alcohol intake, and fruit and vegetable intake) at 12 weeks. The secondary outcomes were self-reported adherence to health-related behaviour guidelines at 4 weeks; self-reported bodyweight at 12 weeks; and holistic health and wellbeing status at 12 weeks, in all enrolled individuals in eligible clusters; and user engagement with the app, in individuals allocated to the intervention. Adverse events were not collected. This study is registered with the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry, ACTRN12617001484336. Findings: Between Jan 24 and Aug 14, 2018, we enrolled 337 Māori participants from 19 clusters and 389 Pasifika participants from 18 clusters (n=726 participants) in the intervention group and 320 Māori participants from 15 clusters and 405 Pasifika participants from 17 clusters (n=725 participants) in the control group. Of these participants, 227 (67%) Māori participants and 347 (89%) Pasifika participants (n=574 participants) in the intervention group and 281 (88%) Māori participants and 369 (91%) Pasifika participants (n=650 participants) in the control group completed the 12-week follow-up and were included in the final analysis. Relative to baseline, adherence to health-related behaviour guidelines increased at 12 weeks in both groups (315 [43%] of 726 participants at baseline to 329 [57%] of 574 participants in the intervention group; 331 [46%] of 725 participants to 369 [57%] of 650 participants in the control group); however, there was no significant difference between intervention and control groups in adherence at 12 weeks (odds ratio [OR] 1·13; 95% CI 0·84–1·52; p=0·42). Furthermore, the proportion of participants adhering to guidelines on physical activity (351 [61%] of 574 intervention group participants vs 407 [63%] of 650 control group participants; OR 1·03, 95% CI 0·73–1·45; p=0·88), smoking (434 [76%] participants vs 501 [77%] participants; 1·12, 0·67–1·87; p=0·66), alcohol consumption (518 [90%] participants vs 596 [92%] participants; 0·73, 0·37–1·44; p=0·36), and fruit and vegetable intake (194 [34%] participants vs 196 [30%] participants; 1·08, 0·79–1·49; p=0·64) did not differ between groups. We found no significant differences between the intervention and control groups in any secondary outcome. 147 (26%) intervention group participants engaged with the OL@-OR@ programme (ie, set at least one behaviour change goal online). Interpretation: The OL@-OR@ mobile health programme did not improve adherence to health-related behaviour guidelines amongst Māori and Pasifika individuals. Funding: Healthier Lives He Oranga Hauora National Science Challenge.

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