scholarly journals A Year in Review

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 411-419
Author(s):  
Amy R. Pritchett
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Autonomous Systems ◽  
Work Environments ◽  
Accident Analysis ◽  
Cognitive Behavior ◽  
Multiple Perspectives

Reviewing the articles within this journal in 2016 reveals a diverse set of approaches and applications but consistent themes: first, translating practice to science and, second, translating science to practice. The first theme addresses the difficulty in understanding cognitive performance in complex work environments. For this, we need improved models of the myriad activities of workers in complex operations—recognizing that experts will adapt their behavior and need to respond to unexpected situations. Many of this year’s articles note the need for multiple perspectives, for integrating multiple theories, and for recognizing that all parts of cognitive behavior are independent and, thus, no one factor can be isolated. The second theme, translating science to practice, then addresses the difficulty in applying this knowledge to improved designs. Such designs may focus on the worker (e.g., training), on processes and procedures, or on technology—regardless, they serve to translate understanding into implementation. A range of design approaches and insights are proposed in this year’s articles, in domains ranging from rugby to aviation, health care, accident analysis, and autonomous systems.

Noticing Extroversion Effects Attention: How Robot and Participant Personality Affect Gaze Cueing

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 1557-1561
Author(s):  
Ali Momen ◽  
Eva Wiese
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Human Robot Interaction ◽  
Current Paper ◽  
Cognitive Behavior ◽  
Gaze Behavior ◽  
Robot Interaction ◽  
Gaze Cueing ◽  
The Gaze ◽  
Positive Effects

Social robots with expressive gaze have positive effects on human-robot interaction. In particular, research suggests that when robots are programmed to express introverted or extroverted gaze behavior, individuals enjoy interacting more with robots that match their personality. However, how this affects social-cognitive performance during human-robot interactions has not been thoroughly examined yet. In the current paper, we examine whether the perceived match between human and robot personality positively affects the degree to which the robot’s gaze is followed (i.e., gaze cueing, as a proxy for more complex social-cognitive behavior). While social attention has been examined extensively outside of human-robot interaction, recent research shows that a robot’s gaze is attended to in a similar way as a human’s gaze. While our results did not support the hypothesis that gaze cueing would be strongest when the participant’s personality matched the robot’s personality, we did find evidence that participants followed the gaze of introverted robots more strongly than the gaze of extroverted robots. This finding suggests that agent’s displaying extroverted gaze behavior may hurt performance in human-robot interaction.

scholarly journals Special Issue: Accident Analysis and Prevention: Experimental and Numerical Approaches

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 508
Author(s):  
Ricardo J. Alves de Sousa ◽  
Mariusz Ptak
Keyword(s):  
Work Environments ◽  
Accident Analysis ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Numerical Approaches

Accidents are a daily occurrence in our lives, in many different activities and scenarios, from sports to traffic, from home to work environments, from non-intentional to criminal offences [...]

Improving work environments in health care

2009 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 334-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheryl Rathert ◽  
Ghadir Ishqaidef ◽  
Douglas R. May
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Work Environments

Study of the Relationship Between Hearing Loss and Cognitive Performance at Chronic Exposure to Noise

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Iraj Alimohammadi ◽  
Fakhradin Ahmadi Kanrash ◽  
Shahram Vosoughi ◽  
Jamileh Abolaghasemi ◽  
Mohammad Hossein Chalak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Sound Intensity ◽  
Work Environments ◽  
P Value ◽  
Physical Factors ◽  
Intensity Level ◽  
Significant Positive Relationship ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Noise is considered as one of the most significant and dangerous physical factors in work environments, and due to the advancement of industries, it has become a threat to physical and psychological health in the current era. In addition to its undesirable effects on the hearing system, noise can have harmful non-auditory effects that may cause physiological disorders and cognitive impairment. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between hearing loss and workers’ cognitive performance in an industrial environment. Methods: A total of 300 individuals were enrolled in this study after their informed consent was obtained, and their compliance with the inclusion and exclusion criteria was confirmed. Based on the sound intensity level, the individuals were classified into two groups of exposure to > 85 dB (n = 196) and ≤ 85 dB (n = 104). To measure the individuals’ occupational exposure at an 8-hour equivalent level based on the ISO 9612: 2009 standard, the Testo device (Model CEL-815) was used with the precision of 0.5 dB. The most common weighting that is used in noise measurement is A-weighting. Like the human ear, this effectively cuts off the lower and higher frequencies that the average person cannot hear. The DANPLEX-AS54 device was also used to check audiometry. To investigate the workers’ hearing performance, two psychological tests, namely Stroop and TOL, were used as well. Results: Hearing loss was higher among workers exposed to a sound intensity level of > 85 dB than those exposed to a sound intensity level of ≤ 85 dB, and this difference was significant in all sound level frequencies (NIHL left ear: for ≤ 85 dB: 25.92 and for > 85 dB: 27.49) (NIHL right ear: for ≤ 85 dB: 27.62 and for > 85 dB: 29.50) (P value < 0.05). The results showed a significant positive relationship between cognitive indicators and hearing loss (P value < 0.05). Moreover, the study of cognitive indicators in the two groups revealed that the mean change of cognitive performance indicators was higher among subjects exposed to a higher sound intensity level (P value < 0.05). Conclusions: The results of this study showed that noise-induced hearing loss in work environments had a significant positive relationship with cognitive indicators. In other words, an increase in the hearing loss level would result in changes in cognitive indicators such as number of errors and response time.

scholarly journals Teaching Cognitive Behavior Therapy to Postgraduate Health Care Professionals in Times of COVID 19 – An Asynchronous Blended Learning Environment Proved to Be Non-inferior to In-Person Training

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Soll ◽  
Raphael Fuchs ◽  
Stephanie Mehl
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Learning Environment ◽  
Behavior Therapy ◽  
Cognitive Behavior Therapy ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Medium Effect ◽  
Cognitive Behavior ◽  
Social Distancing

Training of postgraduate health professionals on their way to becoming licensed therapists for Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) came to a halt in Germany in March 2020 when social distancing regulations came into effect. Since the German healthcare system almost exclusively relies on this profession when it comes to the implementation of CBT and 80% of those therapists active in 2010 will have retired at the end of 2030, it is critical to assess whether online CBT training is as satisfactory as classroom on-site CBT training. An asynchronous, blended, inverted-classroom online learning environment for CBT training (CBT for psychosis) was developed as an emergency solution. It consisted of pre-recorded CBT video lectures, exercises to train interventions in online role-plays, and regular web conferences. Training was provided at five different training institutes in Germany (duration 8–16 h). Postgraduate health care professionals (psychiatrists and psychologists) (n = 43) who received the online CBT training filled out standard self-report evaluations that assessed satisfaction and didactic quality. These evaluations were compared to those evaluations of students (n = 142) who had received in-person CBT training with identical content offered by the same CBT trainer at the same training institutes before the COVID-19 crisis. Both groups were comparable with respect to interest in the subject and prior knowledge. We tested non-inferiority hypotheses using Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney ROC-curve analyses with an equivalence margin corresponding to a small-to-medium effect size (d = 0.35). The online training evaluations were non-inferior concerning information content, conception of content, didactic presentation, assessment of the trainer as a suitable role-model, working atmosphere, own commitment, and practical relevance. In contrast, we could not exclude a small effect in favor of in-person training in professional benefit and room for active participation. Our results suggest that delivering substantial CBT knowledge online to postgraduate health-professionals is sufficient, and at most incurs minimal loss to the learning experience. These encouraging findings indicate that integrating online elements in CBT teaching is an acceptable option even beyond social distancing requirements.

scholarly journals Noticing Extraversion Effects Attention: How Robot and Participant Personality Affect Social Attention

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Momen ◽  
Eva Wiese
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Social Attention ◽  
Human Robot Interaction ◽  
Cognitive Behavior ◽  
Gaze Behavior ◽  
Robot Interaction ◽  
Gaze Cueing ◽  
The Gaze ◽  
Positive Effects

Social robots with expressive gaze have positive effects on human-robot interaction. In particular, research suggests that when robots are programmed to express introverted or extraverted gaze behavior, individuals enjoy interacting more with robots that match their personality. However, how this affects social-cognitive performance during human-robot interactions has not been thoroughly examined yet. In the current paper, we examine whether the perceived match between human and robot personality positively affects the degree to which the robot’s gaze is followed (i.e., gaze cueing, as a proxy for more complex social-cognitive behavior). While social attention has been examined extensively outside of human-robot interaction, recent research shows that a robot’s gaze is attended to in a similar way as a human’s gaze. While our results did not support the hypothesis that gaze cueing would be strongest when the participant’s personality matched the robot’s personality, we did find evidence that participants followed the gaze of introverted robots more strongly than the gaze of extroverted robots. This finding suggests that agent’s displaying extraverted gaze behavior may hurt performance in human-robot interaction

The moral challenges of health care providers brain drain phenomenon

2020 ◽  
pp. 147775092094661
Author(s):  
Faith Atte
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Brain Drain ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Global Justice ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Work Environments ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Left Behind

The migration of health-care professionals has often produced morally charged discussions among ethicists, politicians, and policy makers in the migrant-sending and migrant-receiving countries because of its devastating effects on the health of those left behind in the countries of origin.This movement of skilled professionals – their decision to leaving their countries of origin in search of better work environments – has created a phenomenon that has been described as brain drain. Although the migration of health workers continue to bring prosperity to millions of people around the world, they have also evoked hopelessness in many more people. Thus, questions of global justice manifest themselves when it comes to the matters of brain drain and the just distribution of health and healthcare professionals.

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