scholarly journals The Many Faces of Manhood

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 394-401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derrick M. Gordon ◽  
Samuel W. Hawes ◽  
Allecia E. Reid ◽  
Tamora A. Callands ◽  
Urania Magriples ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Health Behaviors ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Racial Groups ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Masculine Norms ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Relationship

This study examined the relationship between the traditional masculine norms (“status,” “toughness” and “antifemininity”) of 296 ethnically and racially diverse, young men transitioning to fatherhood and substance use (smoking, alcohol, marijuana, hard drugs) and health behaviors (diet, exercise). Participants were recruited from urban obstetric clinics in the Northeast United States. Logistic and multiple regression equations were constructed to examine the relationship between masculine norms and health behaviors. Moderator effects were also examined. Masculine norm “status” was most endorsed and “antifemininity” was least endorsed. African American young men had higher masculine norm scores than Latino and Whites. Different masculine norms were associated with health-promoting and health-undermining behaviors. Different racial groups who had higher scores on some masculine norms were more likely to engage in either health-promoting or health-undermining behaviors when compared with other ethnic groups in this study. These results observed different relationships between the traditional masculine norms measured and the substance use and health behaviors of diverse, young men transitioning to fatherhood. This may have implications for intervention strategies and future research.

What Can Help? Examining Levels of Substance (Non)use as a Protective Factor in the Effect of ACEs on Crime

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica M. Craig ◽  
Jonathan Intravia ◽  
Kevin T. Wolff ◽  
Michael T. Baglivio
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Southern State ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Adverse Childhood ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
The Relationship

Although the deleterious impact of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) on offending has been established, less is known about the possible protective factors that may buffer this relationship. Using a sample of over 28,000 adjudicated delinquents from a large southern state, the current study investigated the role of substance (non)use on the relationship between ACEs and recidivism and whether these results differed by race/ethnicity and sex. Results illustrate that ACEs increase the likelihood of recidivism among youth who engaged in moderate-to-high substance use. However, this effect was not found among youth who reported little-to-no substance use. Furthermore, these effects were largely consistent across race/ethnicity and sex. Policy implications of this buffering effect are discussed as well as limitations and directions for future research.

Mediating role of coping styles in the relationship between anxiety and health behaviors of obese adolescents

2012 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michał Ziarko ◽  
Łukasz Kaczmarek ◽  
Ewa Mojs
Keyword(s):  
Health Behaviors ◽  
Coping Styles ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Coping With Stress ◽  
Health Promoting Behaviors ◽  
Obese Adolescents ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
The Relationship

Mediating role of coping styles in the relationship between anxiety and health behaviors of obese adolescents Obesity is one of the major health problems in adolescents. Health-detrimental lifestyle (i.e. lack of physical activity, inappropriate nutrition) as well as maladaptive styles of coping with stress are regarded as belonging among determinants of obesity. The aim of the study was to establish factors mediating between anxiety and diet-related health behaviors. Participants in the study were 113 adolescents with obesity whose body weight was over 97th centile. They were examined using a set of self-report questionnaires to measure anxiety, coping styles and health behaviors. Emotion-focused coping and seeking social contacts (social diversion) were found to act as mediators between adolescents' trait anxiety and their health behaviors. The findings suggest that to enhance obese adolescents' health-promoting behaviors appropriate conditions should be ensured that would not only enable them to express their emotions, but also promote their socializing with peers.

Substance Use among Rapists: A Comparison with Other Serious Felons

1985 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 269-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Ladouceur ◽  
Mark Temple
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Social Context ◽  
Violent Crime ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Correctional Institutions ◽  
Use Patterns ◽  
Context Factors ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Different Levels

The purpose of this article is to explore the relationship between substance use and sexual and violent crime, using data collected as part of the 1979 “Survey of Inmates in Correctional Institutions.” Specifically, the intent is to (1) assess the relationship between substance use and crime for rapists and compare this relationship with that for offenders whose crimes involve different levels of sex and violence; (2) examine the extent to which race, age, and social context modify this relationship; (3) compare substance use at the time of the offense with typical use patterns, in order to determine whether use is likely to be directly linked to the crimes in question; and (4) place the findings in a theoretical context in order to suggest directions for future research. The findings indicate that although there is a slight difference between offender types for drug use, no difference between offender types was found for alcohol use. In addition, these findings did not appear to be modified by race, age, or social context factors. Finally, it was found that use at the time of the offense does not differ markedly from typical use patterns.

The Relationship Between Early-Phase Substance-Use Trajectories and Drug Court Outcomes

2011 ◽  
Vol 38 (9) ◽  
pp. 913-933 ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig G.A. Jones ◽  
Richard I. Kemp
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Early Phase ◽  
Drug Court ◽  
New South ◽  
Positive Test ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Membership Probability ◽  
South Wales ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Relationship

This study sought to identify patterns of substance use among 1,019 participants of the New South Wales Drug Court program (Sydney, Australia) between 2003 and 2009. Group-based trajectory modeling identified five groups of participants: compliant participants (24.4%), who had a near-zero probability of returning a positive urine test at each occasion; responding participants (25.3%), for whom the probability of returning a positive test decreased; relapsing participants (14.1%), for whom the probability of returning a positive test increased; mid-level chronic participants (26.0%), who had a one in two chance of returning a positive test at each episode; and a high-level chronic group (10.2%), who had a very high probability of returning a positive test at each episode. Group membership probability was found to be a good predictor of treatment and criminal justice outcomes. The challenge for future research is to identify the characteristics that explain these early-phase substance use trajectories.

scholarly journals Childhood Socioeconomic Position, Adult Educational Attainment and Health Behaviors: The Role of Psychological Capital and Health Literacy

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (17) ◽  
pp. 9399
Author(s):  
Karlijn Massar ◽  
Natalie Kopplin ◽  
Karen Schelleman-Offermans
Keyword(s):  
Health Literacy ◽  
Health Behaviors ◽  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Socioeconomic Position ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Psychological Capital ◽  
Lifestyle Behaviors ◽  
Health Promoting Behaviors ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
The Relationship

Socioeconomic circumstances during childhood and adulthood are known to negatively affect health promoting behaviors. On the other hand, psychological capital (PsyCap) and health literacy are positively associated with these lifestyle behaviors. We, therefore, reasoned that PsyCap and health literacy might “buffer” the negative influences of socioeconomic circumstances on health-promoting behaviors. Method: We measured subjective childhood socioeconomic position (SEP) and adult educational attainment (as a proxy for adult socioeconomic circumstances), health literacy, PsyCap, and health behaviors (fruits and vegetables consumption, exercise, and sweets and cookies consumption) in a sample of N = 150 individuals (mean age 34.98 years, 66.7% female). Results: Bootstrapped mediation analyses including PsyCap and health literacy as parallel mediators revealed that: (I) The relationship between childhood SEP and (a) fruits and vegetables consumption and (b) exercise was mediated by PsyCap, and (II) the relationship between adult educational attainment and (a) fruits and vegetables consumption and (b) exercise was mediated by PsyCap and health literacy. We found no significant effects for consumption of sweets and cookies. Conclusion: These results suggest that larger studies are warranted that confirm the potential of PsyCap and health literacy in mitigating the negative effects of lower SEP on health behaviors and health outcomes.

scholarly journals Expectations Regarding Aging, Physical Activity, and Physical Function in Older Adults

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 233372141770235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aili I. Breda ◽  
Amber S. Watts
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Physical Function ◽  
Function Method ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
Active Lifestyles ◽  
The Relationship

Objective: The present study examined how expectations regarding aging (ERA) influence physical activity participation and physical function. Method: We surveyed 148 older adults about their ERA (ERA-38), health-promoting lifestyles (HPLP-II), and self-rated health (RAND-36). We tested the mediating effect of physical activity on the relationships between ERA and physical function. Results: Positive expectations were associated with more engagement in physical activity ( B = 0.016, p < .05) and better physical function ( B = 0.521, p < .01). Physical activity mediated the relationship between ERA and physical function ( B = 5.890, p < .01, indirect effect 0.092, CI = [0.015, 0.239]). Discussion: ERA play an important role in adoption of physically active lifestyles in older adults and may influence health outcomes, such as physical function. Future research should evaluate whether attempts to increase physical activity are more successful when modifications to ERA are also targeted.

scholarly journals Family Factors and Mediators of Substance Use Among African American Adolescents

2012 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 358-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trenette T. Clark ◽  
Anh B. Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
African American ◽  
Protective Factors ◽  
African American Adolescents ◽  
The United States ◽  
Family Factors ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Future Research ◽  
School Factors ◽  
The Relationship

This study uses a sample of 424 African American 8th- and 12th-grade students (mean age = 16.55; 65.1% girls) in the United States to examine how family protective factors explain cultural and school protective factors that prevent substance use. Questionnaires were administered between 2007 and 2009. Using structural equation modeling, results indicated that cultural and school factors partially mediated the relationship between family factors and lifetime substance use. School factors fully mediated the relationship between cultural factors and lifetime substance use. The findings suggest that parents promote cultural attributes, which in turn promotes school achievement, and in turn contributes to lower substance use. Limitations of the study, and implications for future research and prevention programs are discussed.

The Relationships Among Racial Identity, Self-Esteem, Sociodemographics, and Health-Promoting Lifestyles

2002 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 193-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rolanda L. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Racial Identity ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Health Behaviors ◽  
Strong Predictor ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Relationship

The purpose of this study was to explore the relationships between racial identity, self-esteem, sociodemographic factors, and health-promoting lifestyles in a sample of African Americans. African American mortality rates are disproportionately high. These rates are associated with health behaviors that are driven by many factors including lifestyle practices. Other factors may be self-esteem and racial identity. Research shows gender differences in health behaviors, but no studies have explored a racial identity and gender interaction. Exploring these relationships may lead to the improved health status of African Americans. A convenience sample of 224 was recruited consisting of 48% males (n = 108). The mean age was 37.2 years (SD = 12.6). Regression analyses demonstrated that the internalization racial identity stage (β = .12; p < .001) and self-esteem (β = .50; p < .001) contributed to the variance in health-promoting lifestyles. Self-esteem did not mediate the relationship between immersion and health-promoting lifestyle scores (β = -.16; p = .03). The full model Beta values show that racial identity remains significant with sociodemographics and interactions controlled, but moderators do not. Racial identity, while not a strong predictor, has some impact on health-promoting lifestyles regardless of sociodemographics.

The Relationship Between Adult Sexual Assault and Prostitution: An Exploratory Analysis

2003 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 299-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Campbell ◽  
Courtney E. Ahrens ◽  
Tracy Sefl ◽  
Marcia L. Clark
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Women Of Color ◽  
High School Education ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Rape Survivors ◽  
Major Metropolitan Area ◽  
Adult Sexual Assault ◽  
The Relationship

Previous research has established a link between childhood sexual abuse and engaging in prostitution as an adult. The purpose of this study was to extend this literature by exploring whether being raped as an adult is associated with exchanging sex for money. Interviews with 102 rape survivors in a major metropolitan area revealed that 23.5% had engaged in prostitution post-rape. Those who had exchanged sex for money were more likely to be women of color, to have a high school education or less, to be unemployed, and to have children to support, than those who had not engaged in prostitution post-assault. The prostitution subsample also had significantly higher levels of psychological distress, physical health symptomatology, and substance use. Survivors were asked whether and how the rape was associated with engaging in prostitution: most (75%) stated that they felt it was related to the assault. The most commonly cited reason for engaging in prostitution by these survivors was that they were trying to regain some control over their lives and their bodies; exchanging sex for money was seen as one way to control men’s access to them. Implications for future research on victimization and prostitution are discussed.

scholarly journals Review of Artificial Intelligence Techniques inGreen/Smart Buildings.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego Rodriguez-Gracia ◽  
Maria de las Mercedes Capobianco-Uriarte ◽  
Eduardo Teran-Yepez ◽  
Jose Piedra-Fernandez ◽  
Luis Iribarne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Rapid Evolution ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Smart Buildings ◽  
The Past ◽  
Intelligent Buildings ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract The many benefits offered by green or smart buildings have led to an increase in their construction. In turn, this growth has been accompanied by a rapid evolution of research on this topic. Thus, given the specialist interest, research on the use of artificial intelligence in this type of construction has been gaining space. This topic, although still novel, due to its current and future importance requires a literature review to identify the main actors, evaluate the past and establish future lines of research. The results based on 174 manuscripts detected in Web of Science and Scopus databases allow us to establish the main authors, institutions, countries and journals as well as the seminal papers in this field. Furthermore, through a keywords co-occurrence analysis this study identifies some of the topics that have received most interest in the past as well as some promising future research trends. This bibliometric study analyzes the relationship between the main clusters DML&B (Deep - Machine Learning and Building Constructions) by means of a detailed description of the fundamental concepts identified in the content analysis. It is complemented by a temporal keyword analysis focusing on the economic, social and environmental benefits obtained through green or intelligent buildings. Consequently, this research contributes to the literature by providing an overview of the past and current status of this field, as well as by opening future research lines.

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