Evaluation of Color Difference, Whiteness, and Luster of Multifilament Polyester Woven Fabrics

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 155892501400900 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohsen Shanbeh ◽  
Haleh Khalili ◽  
Jalil Hajrasouliha ◽  
Alireza Shiasi
Keyword(s):  
Light Source ◽  
Standard Condition ◽  
Visual Assessment ◽  
Color Difference ◽  
Woven Fabrics ◽  
Warp Yarn ◽  
Weft Direction ◽  
Constant Measurement ◽  
Dyed Fabric ◽  
Weave Pattern

This paper investigated the color difference, whiteness, and luster of multifilament polyester woven fabrics based on weave pattern, weft density, dye concentration, and interaction between super bright warp yarns and semi dull weft yarns. Plain, weft rib (2/2), sateen (1/4)(3) and steep twill(2/3) was selected as weave pattern. Warp yarn type and its count, and warp density were kept constant. Measurement of whiteness was conducted on pre-treated un-dyed fabric samples. Color difference and luster of samples was evaluated after dying in warp and weft direction separately. Plain and weft rib (2/2) weaves showed the lowest and highest value of whiteness and luster respectively. Interaction between weave pattern and application of super bright yarn as warp was obtained in these parameters. The luster and whiteness of samples was decreased by increase in weft density. The trend of luster and color difference in weft and warp direction by increasing the weft density was not similar and was dependent on dye concentration and effectiveness of super bright warp yarns according to fabric pattern. Woven fabrics with steep twill (2/3) and weft rib (2/2) revealed the highest values of color difference compared with plain and sateen (1/4)(3) in warp direction. In weft direction, plain weave showed the lowest value of color difference and all three others had almost the same level of color difference. Moreover, the visual assessment was organized based on twenty-two observers in standard condition and D65 light source.

Investigation of the mechanical and forming behaviour of 3D warp interlock carbon woven fabrics for complex shape of composite material

2021 ◽  
pp. 152808372098410
Author(s):  
Mehmet Korkmaz ◽  
Ayşe Okur ◽  
Ahmad Rashed Labanieh ◽  
François Boussu
Keyword(s):  
Composite Materials ◽  
Complex Shape ◽  
Impact Damage ◽  
Woven Fabrics ◽  
Forming Process ◽  
Warp Yarn ◽  
Delamination Resistance ◽  
Fabric Architecture ◽  
Weave Pattern ◽  
Carbon Fabrics

Composite materials which are reinforced with 3D warp interlock fabrics have outstanding mechanical properties such as higher delamination resistance, ballistic damage resistance and impact damage tolerance by means of their improved structural properties. Textile reinforcements are exposed to large deformations in the production stage of composite materials which have complex shape. Although good formability properties of 3D warp interlock fabrics in forming process were already proven by recent studies, further information is needed to elucidate forming behaviours of multi-layer fabrics which is produced with high stiffness yarns like carbon. In this study, 3D warp interlock carbon fabrics were produced on a prototype weaving loom and the same carbon yarn was used in two fabric directions with equal number of yarn densities. Fabrics were differentiated with regard to the presence of stuffer warp yarn, weave pattern and parameters of binding warp yarn which are angle and depth. Therefore, the effect of fabric architecture on the mechanical and formability properties of 3D warp interlock carbon fabrics could be clarified. Three different breaking behaviours of fabrics were detected and they were correlated with crimp percentages of yarn groups. In addition, the bending and shear deformations were analysed in view of parameters of fabric architectures. Two distinct forming behaviours of fabrics were determined according to the distribution of deformation areas on fabrics. Moreover, the optimal structure was identified for forming process considering the fabric architecture.

Triaxially Woven Fabrics: Their Structure and Properties

1971 ◽  
Vol 41 (8) ◽  
pp. 637-647 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Skelton
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Shear Resistance ◽  
Woven Fabrics ◽  
Small Samples ◽  
Structure And Properties ◽  
Open Area ◽  
Warp Yarn ◽  
Bending Behavior ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Weave Pattern

A loom developed for producing small samples of triaxially woven fabrics was used to weave experimental amounts of fabric from coarse string, from 3-ply, 840-den nylon yarn and from graphite yarn. The shedding and warp yarn indexing motions are controlled by a series of cams mounted on a cam roll. The sequence of cams can be changed to produce various weave patterns; changes in weave pattern can also be produced for any particular cam roll by varying the sequence of shedding and indexing motions. The nylon triaxial fabric and a range of square orthogonal fabrics woven from the same yarn were evaluated for various structural and mechanical properties. The stability of the triaxial fabric is much greater than that of an orthogonal fabric with the same percent open area. The triaxial fabric exhibits greater isotropy in its bending behavior and a greater shear resistance than a comparable orthogonal fabric.

Color Tolerance of Identity Color of Chulalongkorn University on General Print

2010 ◽  
Vol 93-94 ◽  
pp. 651-654
Author(s):  
Niti Naovaprateep ◽  
Chawan Koopipat ◽  
Pichayada Katemake
Keyword(s):  
Light Source ◽  
Visual Assessment ◽  
Color Difference ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Measuring Device ◽  
Natural Color ◽  
Pink Color ◽  
Color System ◽  
Standard Color

Chulalongkorn University has a long historical background. Pink color is known as the identity color. To be more specific on which pink colors of general prints are acceptable for the identity color of Chulalongkorn University, printed samples with the identity color were collected and measured to find the differences among the printed colors. Then the Natural Color System (NCS) colors were determined corresponding to the printed samples. The obtained NCS colors were used as samples in the experiment. A standard color was obtained from the color of pink cushion placed under Prakeaw, an emblem of Chulalongkorn University. Measurements were taken at the same specific light source as in printed samples. Comparison was then made to determine the color tolerance. A method of pass/fail tolerance was adopted to evaluate the optimum color difference between the identity color and the color of general prints by comparing the results of color measuring device against that of visual assessment. A group of 101 observers were involved to find their perception acceptability of printed pink samples against identity color or standard pink color. The color different equations, E94 and CIEE2000 were employed.

The Effects of Jacquard Woven Fabric Constructional Parameters and Elastane Yarn on Bending Rigidity

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 155892501501000
Author(s):  
Gülcan Süle
Keyword(s):  
Woven Fabrics ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Woven Fabric ◽  
Weft Yarn ◽  
Bending Rigidity ◽  
Warp Yarn ◽  
Weft Direction ◽  
Bending Property ◽  
Yarn Count ◽  
Overall Bending

In this research, the bending property of jacquard woven fabrics and the effects of weft density, weft yarn count, weave, and Lycra inclusion in weft yarn on this property were investigated. Viscose filament warp yarn and polyester and polyester/Lycra weft yarns were used for weaving fabrics, and 4/1 and 7/1 satin weaves with the same jacquard design were used as the ground weave. Experimental results show that the bending rigidities of the fabrics in the warp directions increase as the weft density increases and the weft yarn gets thicker. The bending rigidities of the fabrics woven with a 4/1 satin weave in the warp direction are higher compared to the bending rigidities of the fabrics woven with a 7/1 satin weave in the same direction. Similar to the bending rigidities in the warp direction, as the weft density increases and the weft yarn gets thicker, the bending rigidities of the fabrics in the weft directions increase. When the weft yarn includes Lycra, the bending rigidity values of the fabric decrease in the weft direction. Additionally, similar to the bending rigidity in the warp direction, the jacquard woven fabrics with a 4/1 satin weave have a higher bending rigidity in the weft direction compared to the jacquard woven fabrics with a 7/1 satin weave. It was observed that when the weft density increases, the overall bending rigidities of the fabrics increase. Despite fabrics woven with a polyester/Lycra weft yarn having a thicker weft yarn and heavier weight with the same weft density and weave compared to fabrics woven with a polyester weft yarn, the bending rigidity values in the weft direction have a lower overall fabric bending rigidity.

scholarly journals Effect of Fabric Layers on the Relationship between Fabric Constructional Parameters and Percentage Reflectance Values of Polyester Fabrics

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mine Akgun ◽  
Behcet Becerir ◽  
Halil Rifat Alpay
Keyword(s):  
Light Trap ◽  
Woven Fabrics ◽  
Weft Yarn ◽  
Warp Yarn ◽  
Reflectance Measurement ◽  
Polyester Fabrics ◽  
Yarn Properties ◽  
Fabric Layer ◽  
Weave Pattern ◽  
The Relationship

This paper focused on the assessment of the relation between constructional properties and percentage reflectance values of fabrics woven from polyester yarns through fabric layer numbers. Reflectance measurements were conducted on pretreated but undyed fabric samples at five different fabric layers. Twelve polyester fabrics having different constructional parameters were used and fabrics differed from each other by their weft yarn densities, weave patterns, and weft yarn filament fineness. Warp yarn properties (type, count, and density) were the same at all the fabrics. Percentage reflectance values of the fabrics changed according to yarn density, weave pattern, and filament fineness in accordance with fabric layer numbers during reflectance measurement. Percentage reflectance values gradually increased as fabric layer numbers increased. The highest reflectance values were obtained at 16 layers of fabric. The effects of single constructional parameters on reflectance values disappeared as fabric layer numbers increased. Percentage reflectance values were analyzed according to ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) and statistical results revealed the cross relations obtained. Light-trap phenomenon was discussed according to reflectance characteristics of woven fabrics.

scholarly journals Quality of screen printing in knit fabric for different mesh count on semi solid design

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rasheda Begum Dina ◽  
Md Zulhash Uddin ◽  
UmmulKhair Fatema
Keyword(s):  
Screen Printing ◽  
Visual Assessment ◽  
Color Difference ◽  
Mesh Screen ◽  
Microscope Images ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Digital Microscope ◽  
Semi Solid ◽  
Screen Mesh

In semi solid design, the parameters of the quality of the printed fabric were color fastness, level of print detail, color difference, print coverage, saw-tooth effect, line sharpness etc. Actually, printed fabric quality was evaluated by these parameters. Again, print coverage, saw-tooth effect, line sharpness, etc. were examined by estimating different distances, angles etc. in printed fabric and these factors were compared with image positives. Mesh opening effect on the quality of screen printed fabric was investigated after printing the semi solid design on knit fabric using different mesh count screens and different types of the link. To print semi solid design on knit fabric different types of ink as well as non-identical mesh count was used. Then mesh screen out come on the design and form of printed fabric in screen printing was examined. For the evaluation of semi solid design effect there remains two different methods.The first one is visual assessment and another way is microscope observation. Here, to determine the probability of the amount of ink flowing by the screen, mesh opening area of every screen was considered and it was done from respective digital microscope images.

Tearing Strength Calculation Model of the Synthetic Leather Base

2010 ◽  
Vol 146-147 ◽  
pp. 546-550
Author(s):  
Cheng Qian
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Breaking Strength ◽  
Calculation Model ◽  
Woven Fabrics ◽  
Strength Calculation ◽  
Woven Fabric ◽  
Warp Yarn ◽  
Failure Mechanics ◽  
Synthetic Leather ◽  
Tearing Strength

The synthetic leather base is a composite, with the top and lower layers are nonwovens and the middle is woven fabrics. Firstly, the single rip tearing strength and drawing out resistances of the leather base were tested and tearing failure mechanics were analyzed. Then on the above basis, the single rip tearing strength calculation model of the synthetic leather base was built successfully. From theoretical model, main influencing factors are the weft and warp yarn breaking strength and the density of warp and weft yarns in the woven fabric, and also drawing out resistance of the leather base. Finally, experimental verification was made for the established model, which shows that theoretical values conform to the measured values well.

Variation of Poisson’s ratio of fabrics woven with helical composite auxetic weft yarns in relation to fabric structural parameters

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-169
Author(s):  
Asal Lolaki ◽  
Mohsen Shanbeh
Keyword(s):  
Poisson’S Ratio ◽  
Structural Parameters ◽  
Processing Technique ◽  
Poisson's Ratio ◽  
Image Processing Technique ◽  
Weft Yarn ◽  
Warp Yarn ◽  
Dimensional Changes ◽  
Weft Direction ◽  
Yarn Count

Auxetic textiles are defined as textiles with negative Poisson’s ratio. These textiles possess unique properties that render them suitable for special applications. This work aims to investigate the effect of fabric structural parameters such as thread densities, weave design and warp yarn count. Thus, 30 fabric samples were woven at 3 weft and 2 warp densities, respectively. Two warp counts and three weave designs of plain, basket 3/3 and weft-backed satin 6 were used. The samples were uniaxially loaded in weft direction and dimensional changes at various strains levels were evaluated. The evaluation was carried out using the image processing technique based on MATLAB software. The weft yarns used were found to exhibit auxetic behavior at the whole spectrum of the strain level used. The least weft yarn Poisson’s ratio was found to be −0.9. It was established that in general the fabric samples exhibit auxetic effect within the stated range of strain. Additionally, it was concluded that while fabric thread densities together with warp count influence the minimum fabric Poisson's ratio, auxetic behavior of the samples is not dependent on weave design alone. Rather, it was illustrated that the combined effect of weave design in association with stated structural parameters on auxetic feature cannot be ignored.

Damage evaluation of quartz woven fabrics during needle punching process

2020 ◽  
pp. 152808372091298
Author(s):  
Peijian Du ◽  
Li Chen ◽  
Junbo Xie ◽  
Qingtao Lv ◽  
Xiaoming Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Property ◽  
Woven Fabrics ◽  
Fiber Bundles ◽  
Displacement Curve ◽  
Damage Evaluation ◽  
Breaking Force ◽  
Weft Direction ◽  
Needle Punching ◽  
Punching Process ◽  
Straight Fiber

This paper reports an experimental study on the damage evaluation of quartz woven fabrics during needle punching process under different needle punching densities. The straight fiber bundles begin appearing in Z direction at 50 punches · cm−2 and the “U-shaped” fiber bundles begin being observed at 210 punches · cm−2. The retention ratio of mean breaking force (RRMF) of the needle-punched quarts woven fabrics in warp direction decreases from 100% to 49.4% with an increase in needle punching density from 0 to 10 punches · cm−2, and that in weft direction decreases from 100% to 50.21% with the same increments in needle punching density, but the RRMF in warp direction decreases from 49.4% to 0.35% when the needle punching density increases from 10 to 245 punches  ·  cm−2 and that in weft direction decreases from 50.21% to 0.19% with the same increments in needle punching density; obviously, the initial needle punching density increments (0 to 10 punches  ·  cm−2) seem to have weakened tensile property more significantly compared with needle punching density increments from 10 to 245 punches · cm−2. The retention ratios in warp and weft directions are 0.61% and 0.34%, respectively, at 210 punches · cm−2, which are roughly equal with those at 245 punches · cm−2. Therefore, it could be concluded that the tensile property has reached the minimized at 245 punches · cm−2. In addition, there is an obvious paired similarity existing in the macro damage morphologies, the load–displacement curve trend at the adjacent needle punching density from 70 to 245 punches · cm−2 in 35 punches · cm−2 increments, also such similarity exists when the needle punching density is at 10 to 60 punches · cm−2.

scholarly journals Study of the Contact Resistance of Interlaced Stainless Steel Yarns Embedded in Hybrid Woven Fabrics

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 170-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simona Vasile ◽  
Frank Deruck ◽  
Carla Hertleer ◽  
Alexandra De Raeve ◽  
Thomas Ellegiers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Contact Resistance ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Statistical Models ◽  
Electrical Resistance ◽  
Contact Point ◽  
Woven Fabrics ◽  
Woven Fabric ◽  
Conductive Yarns ◽  
Weave Pattern

Abstract The contact resistance of two interlacing electro-conductive yarns embedded in a hybrid woven fabric will constitute a problem for electro-conductive textiles under certain circumstances. A high contact resistance can induce hotspots, while a variable contact resistance may cause malfunctioning of the components that are interconnected by the electro-conductive yarns. Moreover, the contact robustness should be preserved over time and various treatments such as washing or abrading should not alter the functioning of the electro-conductive textiles. The electrical resistance developed in the contact point of two interlacing electro-conductive yarns is the result of various factors. The influence of diameter of the electro-conductive stainless steel yarns, the weave pattern, the weft density, and the abrasion on the contact resistance was investigated. Hybrid polyester fabrics were produced according to the design of experiments (DoE) and statistical models were found that describe the variation of the contact resistance with the selected input parameters. It was concluded that the diameter of the stainless steel warp and weft yarns has a statistically significant influence on the contact resistance regardless of the weave. Weft density had a significant influence on the contact resistance but only in case of the twill fabrics. Abrasion led to an increase in contact resistance regardless of the weave pattern and the type of stainless steel yarn that was used. Finally, a combination of parameters that leads to plain and twill fabrics with low contact resistance and robust contacts is recommended.

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