Triaxially Woven Fabrics: Their Structure and Properties

1971 ◽  
Vol 41 (8) ◽  
pp. 637-647 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Skelton
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Shear Resistance ◽  
Woven Fabrics ◽  
Small Samples ◽  
Structure And Properties ◽  
Open Area ◽  
Warp Yarn ◽  
Bending Behavior ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Weave Pattern

A loom developed for producing small samples of triaxially woven fabrics was used to weave experimental amounts of fabric from coarse string, from 3-ply, 840-den nylon yarn and from graphite yarn. The shedding and warp yarn indexing motions are controlled by a series of cams mounted on a cam roll. The sequence of cams can be changed to produce various weave patterns; changes in weave pattern can also be produced for any particular cam roll by varying the sequence of shedding and indexing motions. The nylon triaxial fabric and a range of square orthogonal fabrics woven from the same yarn were evaluated for various structural and mechanical properties. The stability of the triaxial fabric is much greater than that of an orthogonal fabric with the same percent open area. The triaxial fabric exhibits greater isotropy in its bending behavior and a greater shear resistance than a comparable orthogonal fabric.

Investigation of the mechanical and forming behaviour of 3D warp interlock carbon woven fabrics for complex shape of composite material

2021 ◽  
pp. 152808372098410
Author(s):  
Mehmet Korkmaz ◽  
Ayşe Okur ◽  
Ahmad Rashed Labanieh ◽  
François Boussu
Keyword(s):  
Composite Materials ◽  
Complex Shape ◽  
Impact Damage ◽  
Woven Fabrics ◽  
Forming Process ◽  
Warp Yarn ◽  
Delamination Resistance ◽  
Fabric Architecture ◽  
Weave Pattern ◽  
Carbon Fabrics

Composite materials which are reinforced with 3D warp interlock fabrics have outstanding mechanical properties such as higher delamination resistance, ballistic damage resistance and impact damage tolerance by means of their improved structural properties. Textile reinforcements are exposed to large deformations in the production stage of composite materials which have complex shape. Although good formability properties of 3D warp interlock fabrics in forming process were already proven by recent studies, further information is needed to elucidate forming behaviours of multi-layer fabrics which is produced with high stiffness yarns like carbon. In this study, 3D warp interlock carbon fabrics were produced on a prototype weaving loom and the same carbon yarn was used in two fabric directions with equal number of yarn densities. Fabrics were differentiated with regard to the presence of stuffer warp yarn, weave pattern and parameters of binding warp yarn which are angle and depth. Therefore, the effect of fabric architecture on the mechanical and formability properties of 3D warp interlock carbon fabrics could be clarified. Three different breaking behaviours of fabrics were detected and they were correlated with crimp percentages of yarn groups. In addition, the bending and shear deformations were analysed in view of parameters of fabric architectures. Two distinct forming behaviours of fabrics were determined according to the distribution of deformation areas on fabrics. Moreover, the optimal structure was identified for forming process considering the fabric architecture.

Evaluation of Color Difference, Whiteness, and Luster of Multifilament Polyester Woven Fabrics

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 155892501400900 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohsen Shanbeh ◽  
Haleh Khalili ◽  
Jalil Hajrasouliha ◽  
Alireza Shiasi
Keyword(s):  
Light Source ◽  
Standard Condition ◽  
Visual Assessment ◽  
Color Difference ◽  
Woven Fabrics ◽  
Warp Yarn ◽  
Weft Direction ◽  
Constant Measurement ◽  
Dyed Fabric ◽  
Weave Pattern

This paper investigated the color difference, whiteness, and luster of multifilament polyester woven fabrics based on weave pattern, weft density, dye concentration, and interaction between super bright warp yarns and semi dull weft yarns. Plain, weft rib (2/2), sateen (1/4)(3) and steep twill(2/3) was selected as weave pattern. Warp yarn type and its count, and warp density were kept constant. Measurement of whiteness was conducted on pre-treated un-dyed fabric samples. Color difference and luster of samples was evaluated after dying in warp and weft direction separately. Plain and weft rib (2/2) weaves showed the lowest and highest value of whiteness and luster respectively. Interaction between weave pattern and application of super bright yarn as warp was obtained in these parameters. The luster and whiteness of samples was decreased by increase in weft density. The trend of luster and color difference in weft and warp direction by increasing the weft density was not similar and was dependent on dye concentration and effectiveness of super bright warp yarns according to fabric pattern. Woven fabrics with steep twill (2/3) and weft rib (2/2) revealed the highest values of color difference compared with plain and sateen (1/4)(3) in warp direction. In weft direction, plain weave showed the lowest value of color difference and all three others had almost the same level of color difference. Moreover, the visual assessment was organized based on twenty-two observers in standard condition and D65 light source.

Effect of Trace Added Sn on Mechanical Properties of Al-Zn-Mg Alloy

2013 ◽  
Vol 828 ◽  
pp. 73-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanjoy Sadhukhan ◽  
Molay Kundu ◽  
Manojit Ghosh
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Precipitation Hardening ◽  
Al Alloys ◽  
Good Combination ◽  
Natural Ageing ◽  
Structure And Properties ◽  
Minor Addition ◽  
Cu Alloy ◽  
The Stability

The heat treatable 7xxx series Al alloys (Al-Zn-Mg) show good combination of tensile properties through precipitation hardening. Similar to Al-Cu alloy minor addition of Sn in this alloy also influences its structure and properties. The hardness improves after natural ageing and further improves after duplex ageing. Duplex ageing refines the grains also. SEM-EDX results indicate that β-Sn is present in the form of precipitates. DSC results indicate that Sn suppresses the formation of GP zone and the stability of intermediate η phase is higher.

scholarly journals Effects of Fabrication Conditions on Structure and Properties of Mechanically Prepared Natural Silk Web and Non-Woven Fabrics

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 1578
Author(s):  
Yeon Su Bae ◽  
In Chul Um
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Bath Temperature ◽  
Woven Fabrics ◽  
Woven Fabric ◽  
Swelling Ratio ◽  
Structure And Properties ◽  
Natural Silk ◽  
Optimal Processing ◽  
Lower Elongation ◽  
Silkworm Cocoon

In this study, natural silk web and natural silk non-woven fabric were prepared mechanically using the binding character of the sericin in silk. The effect of process variables on the preparation, structure, and properties of the silk web and the non-woven fabric was examined. The reeling velocity affected the morphology and mechanical properties of the web but had almost no influence on the crystalline structure of the silk. From the viewpoint of reel-ability and the mechanical properties (work of rupture) of silk web, a reeling velocity of 39.2 m/min represented the optimal processing velocity. The porosity and swelling ratio of the silk web decreased slightly with increasing reeling velocity. Furthermore, the reeling bath temperature had a significant effect on the reel-ability of silk filaments from a silkworm cocoon. Bath temperatures ≥50 °C yielded good reel-ability (>900 m reeling length). The porosity, swelling ratio in water, and mechanical properties of the silk web and silk non-woven fabric changed only slightly with the reeling bath temperature but changed significantly with the hot press treatment. The hot-pressed silk web (i.e., silk non-woven fabric) exhibited higher tensile strength as well as lower elongation at break, porosity, and swelling ratio than the silk web.

Preparation and properties of polyimide air-jet textured yarns and their woven fabrics

2019 ◽  
Vol 90 (13-14) ◽  
pp. 1507-1516
Author(s):  
Shuting Huang ◽  
Lina Sun ◽  
Mengjuan He ◽  
Jingli Tang ◽  
Liqian Huang
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Contact Angle ◽  
Heat Resistance ◽  
Air Permeability ◽  
Woven Fabrics ◽  
Warp Yarn ◽  
Air Jet ◽  
Rough Model ◽  
Fabric Surface

Two kinds of air-textured polyimide yarns with different overfeed ratios (0.5/2 and 8/8) were prepared by air-jet texturing technique, and three kinds of woven fabrics with similar tightness and thickness were produced with the same warp yarn but different weft yarns (polyimide flat yarn and the two air-jet textured polyimide yarns, respectively). The influence of air-jet textured yarn on the wearing properties of the fabrics was explored. The results show that, compared with the fabric containing polyimide flat yarn, the fabrics woven with polyimide air-jet textured yarns possess lower mechanical properties but have better air permeability, moisture permeability, heat resistance and luster. In addition, the smaller contact angle and larger wicking height of polyimide air-jet textured yarn fabrics indicate that the hydrophilicity of polyimide fabrics was improved. The effect of air-jet textured yarn on the hydrophilicity of polyimide fabrics was explained by Wenzel rough model and fabric surface roughness characteristics.

scholarly journals Effect of Fabric Layers on the Relationship between Fabric Constructional Parameters and Percentage Reflectance Values of Polyester Fabrics

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mine Akgun ◽  
Behcet Becerir ◽  
Halil Rifat Alpay
Keyword(s):  
Light Trap ◽  
Woven Fabrics ◽  
Weft Yarn ◽  
Warp Yarn ◽  
Reflectance Measurement ◽  
Polyester Fabrics ◽  
Yarn Properties ◽  
Fabric Layer ◽  
Weave Pattern ◽  
The Relationship

This paper focused on the assessment of the relation between constructional properties and percentage reflectance values of fabrics woven from polyester yarns through fabric layer numbers. Reflectance measurements were conducted on pretreated but undyed fabric samples at five different fabric layers. Twelve polyester fabrics having different constructional parameters were used and fabrics differed from each other by their weft yarn densities, weave patterns, and weft yarn filament fineness. Warp yarn properties (type, count, and density) were the same at all the fabrics. Percentage reflectance values of the fabrics changed according to yarn density, weave pattern, and filament fineness in accordance with fabric layer numbers during reflectance measurement. Percentage reflectance values gradually increased as fabric layer numbers increased. The highest reflectance values were obtained at 16 layers of fabric. The effects of single constructional parameters on reflectance values disappeared as fabric layer numbers increased. Percentage reflectance values were analyzed according to ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) and statistical results revealed the cross relations obtained. Light-trap phenomenon was discussed according to reflectance characteristics of woven fabrics.

Analysis of Mechanical Properties for 2D Woven Kenaf Composite

2014 ◽  
Vol 660 ◽  
pp. 125-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Saidin Wahab ◽  
Muhammad Nazri Rejab ◽  
Mohd Pahmi Saiman
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Natural Fiber ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Woven Fabrics ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Weave Structure ◽  
Physical Testing ◽  
Modeling Software ◽  
Weave Pattern ◽  
Woven Kenaf

Woven composite based on natural fiber increasingly used for many applications in industries because of their advantages such as good relative mechanical properties and renewable resources, but there are some issues as cost and protracted development period to perform reliability evaluation by experimental with real scale. Predictive modeling technique is use to minimize the need for physical testing, shorten design timescales and provide optimized designs. Mechanical properties of woven fabrics for technical textile depend on a) type of raw materials b) type and count of warp and weft yarns c) yarn density and d) the type of weave structure. The effect of fabric architecture to the mechanical properties is investigated. Woven kenaf composite is modeled using the modeling software to get the properties of the model. Further, the model is analyzed using finite element analysis to predict the mechanical properties of the woven kenaf composite. In addition, the effect of the combination of yarn size and weave pattern to the woven kenaf composite is stated base on the mechanical properties to predict the optimum structure of woven kenaf composite.

The Mechanical Properties Study of Woven Fabrics

2011 ◽  
Vol 301-303 ◽  
pp. 1592-1595
Author(s):  
Yao Liu ◽  
Zhong Min Deng ◽  
Yi Ren Chen
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Woven Fabrics ◽  
Weft Yarn ◽  
Warp Yarn ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Yarn Strength ◽  
Tearing Strength

Now the Mechanical Properties of fabrics is widely studied, but always involve in one kind of fabric or a certain property. In order to further understand the fabric tearing strength comprehensively, through a lot of experiments, this article mainly study the single or multiple influences of warp and weft fineness, warp and weft density, warp and weft yarn strength, break elongation of warp and weft yarn, fabric thickness of five fabrics on single stitch tearing strength and trapezoid tearing strength. Then we use SPSS statistical analysis tools to conduct multiple linear regression analysis. We can conclude that warp and weft tightness of fabrics, warp yarn strength, elongation at break of weft yarn have the influence on tearing strength; When trapezoid Angle is changed from 27 degrees to 45 degrees, the influence of warp and weft tightness on it will become bigger, but the influence of warp yarn strength, elongation at break of weft yarn on it will become smaller, and so on.

An analysis of the transport properties and mechanical stability of rapidly solidified Al-Sb alloy

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 2663-2681
Author(s):  
Rizk El- Sayed ◽  
Mustafa Kamal ◽  
Abu-Bakr El-Bediwi ◽  
Qutaiba Rasheed Solaiman
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Melt Spinning ◽  
Elastic Moduli ◽  
Mechanical Stability ◽  
Microstructural Analysis ◽  
Alloy System ◽  
Antimony Content ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Rapidly Solidified

The structure of a series of AlSb alloys prepared by melt spinning have been studied in the as melt–spun ribbons  as a function of antimony content .The stability  of these structures has  been  related to that of the transport and mechanical properties of the alloy ribbons. Microstructural analysis was performed and it was found that only Al and AlSb phases formed for different composition.  The electrical, thermal and the stability of the mechanical properties are related indirectly through the influence of the antimony content. The results are interpreted in terms of the phase change occurring to alloy system. Electrical resistivity, thermal conductivity, elastic moduli and the values of microhardness are found to be more sensitive than the internal friction to the phase changes. 

Structure and properties of compact articles from high-alloyed iron powder with adding of boron nitride

2020 ◽  
pp. 39-48
Author(s):  
B. O. Bolshakov ◽  
◽  
R. F. Galiakbarov ◽  
A. M. Smyslov ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Boron Nitride ◽  
Grain Boundary ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Structure And Properties ◽  
Steam Turbines ◽  
Friction Forces ◽  
Wide Range

The results of the research of structure and properties of a composite compact from 13 Cr – 2 Мо and BN powders depending on the concentration of boron nitride are provided. It is shown that adding boron nitride in an amount of more than 2% by weight of the charge mixture leads to the formation of extended grain boundary porosity and finely dispersed BN layers in the structure, which provides a high level of wearing properties of the material. The effect of boron nitride concentration on physical and mechanical properties is determined. It was found that the introduction of a small amount of BN (up to 2 % by weight) into the compacts leads to an increase in plasticity, bending strength, and toughness by reducing the friction forces between the metal powder particles during pressing and a more complete grain boundary diffusion process during sintering. The formation of a regulated structure-phase composition of powder compacts of 13 Cr – 2 Mо – BN when the content of boron nitride changes in them allows us to provide the specified physical and mechanical properties in a wide range. The obtained results of studies of the physical and mechanical characteristics of the developed material allow us to reasonably choose the necessary composition of the powder compact for sealing structures of the flow part of steam turbines, depending on their operating conditions.

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