scholarly journals Metabolic Profiling of γ-Irradiated Barley Plants Identifies Reallocation of Nitrogen Metabolism and Metabolic Stress Response

Dose-Response ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 155932582091418 ◽  
Author(s):  
Polina Yu. Volkova ◽  
G. Clement ◽  
E. S. Makarenko ◽  
E. A. Kazakova ◽  
S. V. Bitarishvili ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Metabolic Stress ◽  
Growth Stimulation ◽  
Significant Inhibition ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Γ Irradiation ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Nitrogen Redistribution

The favorable responses of crop species to low-dose γ irradiation can help to develop cultivars with increased productivity and improved stress tolerance. In the present study, we tried to reveal the candidate metabolites involved in growth stimulation of barley seedlings after applying low-dose γ-radiation (60Co) to seeds. Stimulating doses (5-20 Gy) provided a significant increase in shoot length and biomass, while relatively high dose of 100 Gy led to significant inhibition of growth. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry metabolomic analysis uncovered several compounds that may take part in radiation hormesis establishment in irradiated plants. This includes molecules involved in nitrogen redistribution (arginine, glutamine, asparagine, and γ-aminobutyric acid) and stress-responsive metabolites, such as ascorbate, myo-inositol and its derivates, and free amino acids (l-serine, β-alanine, pipecolate, and GABA). These results contribute to the understanding of the molecular mechanisms of hormesis phenomenon.

scholarly journals Free Amino Acids and Methylglyoxal as Players in the Radiation Hormesis Effect after Low-Dose γ-Irradiation of Barley Seeds

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 918
Author(s):  
Ivan Pishenin ◽  
Irina Gorbatova ◽  
Elizaveta Kazakova ◽  
Marina Podobed ◽  
Anastasiya Mitsenyk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Free Amino Acids ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Growth Stimulation ◽  
Γ Irradiation ◽  
Available Nitrogen ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Stimulate Plant Growth

Low-dose γ-irradiation can stimulate plant growth and development; however, the knowledge on the molecular mechanisms of such stimulation is yet fragmented. Irradiation of seeds leads to the mobilisation of endosperm resources and reallocation of available nitrogen to facilitate development. Based on the metabolomic analysis, several metabolites possibly involved in radiation stimulation were studied using the HPLC approach in barley cultivars after γ-irradiation of seeds. The comparison of changes in metabolite concentrations and changes in morphological traits after irradiation revealed seven metabolites that may be involved in the growth stimulation after γ-irradiation of barley seeds. Among them are free amino acids, such as γ-aminobutyric acid, β-alanine, arginine, lysine, glutamine, methionine, and a signalling compound methylglyoxal.

scholarly journals Hormetic Effects of Thiophanate-Methyl in Multiple Isolates of Sclerotinia homoeocarpa

Plant Disease ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 103 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sumit Pradhan ◽  
Lee Miller ◽  
Vanessa Marcillo ◽  
Alma R. Koch ◽  
Nathalia Graf Grachet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Dose ◽  
Growth Stimulation ◽  
Prior History ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Sclerotinia Homoeocarpa ◽  
Dollar Spot ◽  
Thiophanate Methyl ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
History Of ◽  
Sublethal Concentrations

Twenty-eight isolates of Sclerotinia homoeocarpa, causal agent of dollar spot disease in turf, were assessed for fungicide hormesis at sublethal concentrations of thiophanate-methyl (T-methyl). Each isolate was grown in corn meal agar amended with 11 concentrations of T-methyl (30,500 to 0.047 µg/liter), and the area of mycelial growth was determined relative to the control. Three replicates were used per concentration, and the experiment was repeated three to five times for each isolate. Reference isolates (EC50 > 20 µg/liter), with no prior history of T-methyl exposure, were highly sensitive and not stimulated by low doses. Likewise, no stimulation was observed in two highly sensitive isolates (EC50 > 30 µg/liter) that had been preconditioned by exposure to T-methyl, or in four T-methyl-tolerant isolates. Seventeen (81%) preconditioned T-methyl-tolerant isolates (EC50 = 294 to1,550 µg/liter) had statistically significant growth stimulation, in the range of 2.8 to 19.7% relative to the control. These results support that hormesis (low-dose stimulation, high-dose inhibition) is a common dose response in preconditioned S. homoeocarpa, particularly in response to subtoxic doses of T-methyl.

scholarly journals Carcinogenesis induced by low-dose radiation

2017 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 369-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Igor Piotrowski ◽  
Katarzyna Kulcenty ◽  
Wiktoria Maria Suchorska ◽  
Agnieszka Skrobała ◽  
Małgorzata Skórska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Atomic Bomb ◽  
Threshold Model ◽  
Occupational Exposures ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Low Dose Radiation ◽  
Oncologic Patients ◽  
Risk Of Cancer ◽  
Dose Radiation

AbstractBackgroundAlthough the effects of high dose radiation on human cells and tissues are relatively well defined, there is no consensus regarding the effects of low and very low radiation doses on the organism. Ionizing radiation has been shown to induce gene mutations and chromosome aberrations which are known to be involved in the process of carcinogenesis. The induction of secondary cancers is a challenging long-term side effect in oncologic patients treated with radiation. Medical sources of radiation like intensity modulated radiotherapy used in cancer treatment and computed tomography used in diagnostics, deliver very low doses of radiation to large volumes of healthy tissue, which might contribute to increased cancer rates in long surviving patients and in the general population. Research shows that because of the phenomena characteristic for low dose radiation the risk of cancer induction from exposure of healthy tissues to low dose radiation can be greater than the risk calculated from linear no-threshold model. Epidemiological data collected from radiation workers and atomic bomb survivors confirms that exposure to low dose radiation can contribute to increased cancer risk and also that the risk might correlate with the age at exposure.ConclusionsUnderstanding the molecular mechanisms of response to low dose radiation is crucial for the proper evaluation of risks and benefits that stem from these exposures and should be considered in the radiotherapy treatment planning and in determining the allowed occupational exposures.

scholarly journals Repeated exposure to chlorpyrifos is associated with a dose-dependent chronic neurobehavioral deficit in adult rats

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana CR Ribeiro ◽  
Elisa H Hawkins ◽  
Fay M Jahr ◽  
Joseph L McClay ◽  
Laxmikant S Deshpande
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Forced Swim Test ◽  
Preference Test ◽  
Complete Recovery ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Dose Dependent

Organophosphate (OP) chemicals include commonly used pesticides and also chemical warfare agents, and mechanistically they are potent inhibitors of the cholinesterase (ChE) enzyme. While a chronic low-dose OP exposure does not produce acute cholinergic crises, epidemiological studies report long-term neuropsychiatric issues including depression and cognitive impairments in OP-exposed individuals. Chlorpyrifos (CPF) is one of the most widely used pesticides worldwide. Multiple laboratory studies have reported on either the long-term behavioral effect of a single, high-dose CPF or studied sub-chronic behavioral effects particularly the motor and cognitive effects of repeated low-dose CPF exposure. However, studies on chronic mood and depression-related morbidities following repeated sub-threshold CPF doses that would mimic occupationally-relevant OP exposures are lacking. Here, adult male rats were injected with CPF (1, 3, 5, or 10 mg/kg/d, s.c.) for 21-days. Dependent on the CPF dose, ChE activity was inhibited approximately 60-80% in the blood and about 20-50% in the hippocampus at 2-days after the end of CPF exposures. Following an 11-week washout period, CPF-treated rats exhibited a dose-dependent increase in signs of anhedonia (sucrose preference test), anxiety (open-field and elevated plus-maze), and despair (forced swim test) despite a complete recovery of ChE activity at this stage. We speculate that both cholinergic and non-cholinergic mechanisms could play a role in the development of chronic OP-related depressive outcomes. The proposed CPF exposure paradigm could provide an ideal model to further study molecular mechanisms underlying cause and effect relationships between environmental OP exposures and the development of chronic behavioral deficits.

scholarly journals Low Dose Ionising Radiation-Induced Hormesis: Therapeutic Implications to Human Health

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (19) ◽  
pp. 8909
Author(s):  
Yeh Siang Lau ◽  
Ming Tsuey Chew ◽  
Amal Alqahtani ◽  
Bleddyn Jones ◽  
Mark A. Hill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Ionising Radiation ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Therapeutic Implications ◽  
Therapeutic Benefits ◽  
Biological Phenomena ◽  
Radiation Induced

The concept of radiation-induced hormesis, whereby a low dose is beneficial and a high dose is detrimental, has been gaining attention in the fields of molecular biology, environmental toxicology and radiation biology. There is a growing body of literature that recognises the importance of hormetic dose response not only in the radiation field, but also with molecular agents. However, there is continuing debate on the magnitude and mechanism of radiation hormetic dose response, which could make further contributions, as a research tool, to science and perhaps eventually to public health due to potential therapeutic benefits for society. The biological phenomena of low dose ionising radiation (LDIR) includes bystander effects, adaptive response, hypersensitivity, radioresistance and genomic instability. In this review, the beneficial and the detrimental effects of LDIR-induced hormesis are explored, together with an overview of its underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms that may potentially provide an insight to the therapeutic implications to human health in the future.

BMP7 controls collecting tubule cell proliferation and apoptosis via Smad1-dependent and -independent pathways

2001 ◽  
Vol 280 (1) ◽  
pp. F19-F33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tino D. Piscione ◽  
Tien Phan ◽  
Norman D. Rosenblum
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Collecting Duct ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Mutant Form ◽  
Ureteric Bud ◽  
Proliferation And Apoptosis ◽  
Collecting Tubule ◽  
Dose Dependent

Bone morphogenetic protein-7 (BMP7) controls ureteric bud and collecting duct morphogenesis in a dose-dependent manner (Piscione TD, Yager TD, Gupta IR, Grinfeld B, Pei Y, Attisono L, Wrana JL, and Rosenblum ND. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 273: F961–F975, 1997). We defined cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying these effects in embryonic kidney explants and in the mIMCD-3 cell model of collecting tubule morphogenesis. Low-dose (0.25 nM) BMP7 significantly increased tubule number and cell proliferation. Similar to BMP2, high-dose (10 nM) BMP7 inhibited cell proliferation and stimulated apoptosis. To define molecular mechanisms, we identified signaling events downstream of BMP7. High-dose BMP7, but not low-dose BMP7, activated Smad1 in mIMCD-3 cells. Moreover, the inhibitory effects of high-dose BMP7 and BMP2, but not the stimulatory effects of low-dose BMP7, on tubulogenesis and cell proliferation were significantly reduced in mIMCD-3 cells stably expressing Smad1(Δ458), a dominant negative mutant form of Smad1, but not in cells stably expressing wild-type Smad1. We conclude that BMP7 exerts dose-dependent effects on ureteric bud or collecting duct cell proliferation and apoptosis by signaling via Smad1-dependent and Smad1-independent pathways.

scholarly journals Qidonghuoxue Decoction Ameliorates Pulmonary Edema in Acute Lung Injury Mice through the Upregulation of Epithelial Sodium Channel and Aquaporin-1

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Chunfang Ma ◽  
Lei Dong ◽  
Minjing Li ◽  
Wanru Cai
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Edema ◽  
Lung Tissue ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Aquaporin 1 ◽  
Capillary Membrane ◽  
Alveolar Capillary

QDHX decoction is an effective traditional Chinese medicine that has been used to treat ALI, a disease characterized by pulmonary edema and inflammation. In this study, the aim is to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of QDHX decoction on improving the alveolar-capillary membrane permeability and alleviating inflammatory response. The BALB/c mice were divided into five groups including the control group, ALI group, ALI + low-dose QDHX decoction, ALI + high-dose QDHX decoction, and ALI + dexamethasone. When the animals were sacrificed, the pathology and wet/dry of lung tissue were tested and confirmed Ali model, the LDH and nucleated cells in BALF, and TNF-α and IL-1β in serum; α-ENaC and AQP-1 in lung tissue were examined. In the results, QDHX decoction downregulated the cytokine such as TNF-α and IL-1β, reduced the nucleated cells, and some biochemical parameters of the BALF. It also ameliorated the ENaC-α and AQP-1 expression induced by LPS in primary epithelial cells. These findings may provide new insights into the application of QDHX decoction for the prevention and treatment of LPS-related ALI.

scholarly journals Effect of Low-Dose Gamma Radiation and Lipoic Acid on High- Radiation-Dose Induced Rat Brain Injuries

Dose-Response ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 155932582110448
Author(s):  
Nahed Abdel-Aziz ◽  
Ahmed A Elkady ◽  
Eman M Elgazzar
Keyword(s):  
Brain Injury ◽  
Lipoic Acid ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Brain Injuries ◽  
Neuroprotective Activity ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Γ Irradiation ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Adaptive Mechanisms

Aim This work aims to investigate the possible radio-adaptive mechanisms induced by low-dose (LD) whole-body γ-irradiation alone or combined with alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) administration in modulating high-dose (HD) head irradiation–induced brain injury in rats. Materials and Methods Rats were irradiated with LD (.25 Gy) 24 hours prior HD (20 Gy), and subjected to ALA (100 mg/kg/day) 5 minutes after HD and continued for 10 days. At the end of the experiment, animals were sacrificed and brain samples were dissected for biochemical and histopathological examinations. Results HD irradiation-induced brain injury as manifested by elevation of oxidative stress, DNA damage, apoptotic, and inflammatory markers in brain tissue. Histological examination of brain sections showed marked alterations. However, LD alone or combined with ALA ameliorated the changes induced by HD. Conclusion Under the present experimental conditions, LD whole-body irradiation exhibited neuroprotective activity against detrimental effects of a subsequent HD head irradiation. This effect might be due to the adaptive response induced by LD that activated the anti-oxidative, anti-apoptotic, and anti-inflammatory mechanisms in the affected animals making them able to cope with the subsequent high-dose exposure. However, the combined LD exposure and ALA supplementation produced a further modulating effect in the HD-irradiated rats.

scholarly journals Less Can Be More: The Hormesis Theory of Stress Adaptation in the Global Biosphere and Its Implications

Biomedicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 293
Author(s):  
Volker Schirrmacher
Keyword(s):  
Dose Response ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Oncolytic Viruses ◽  
Cellular Growth ◽  
Heat Radiation ◽  
Stress Adaptation ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Micro Rnas

A dose-response relationship to stressors, according to the hormesis theory, is characterized by low-dose stimulation and high-dose inhibition. It is non-linear with a low-dose optimum. Stress responses by cells lead to adapted vitality and fitness. Physical stress can be exerted through heat, radiation, or physical exercise. Chemical stressors include reactive species from oxygen (ROS), nitrogen (RNS), and carbon (RCS), carcinogens, elements, such as lithium (Li) and silicon (Si), and metals, such as silver (Ag), cadmium (Cd), and lead (Pb). Anthropogenic chemicals are agrochemicals (phytotoxins, herbicides), industrial chemicals, and pharmaceuticals. Biochemical stress can be exerted through toxins, medical drugs (e.g., cytostatics, psychopharmaceuticals, non-steroidal inhibitors of inflammation), and through fasting (dietary restriction). Key-lock interactions between enzymes and substrates, antigens and antibodies, antigen-presenting cells, and cognate T cells are the basics of biology, biochemistry, and immunology. Their rules do not obey linear dose-response relationships. The review provides examples of biologic stressors: oncolytic viruses (e.g., immuno-virotherapy of cancer) and hormones (e.g., melatonin, stress hormones). Molecular mechanisms of cellular stress adaptation involve the protein quality control system (PQS) and homeostasis of proteasome, endoplasmic reticulum, and mitochondria. Important components are transcription factors (e.g., Nrf2), micro-RNAs, heat shock proteins, ionic calcium, and enzymes (e.g., glutathion redox enzymes, DNA methyltransferases, and DNA repair enzymes). Cellular growth control, intercellular communication, and resistance to stress from microbial infections involve growth factors, cytokines, chemokines, interferons, and their respective receptors. The effects of hormesis during evolution are multifarious: cell protection and survival, evolutionary flexibility, and epigenetic memory. According to the hormesis theory, this is true for the entire biosphere, e.g., archaia, bacteria, fungi, plants, and the animal kingdoms.

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