scholarly journals The Case for Vigorous Physical Activity in Youth

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 96-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott Owens ◽  
Riley Galloway ◽  
Bernard Gutin
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Light Physical Activity ◽  
National Organizations ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Function Potential

Although it is widely recognized that regular physical activity is associated with a variety of health-related benefits in youths, the extent to which vigorous physical activity, as opposed to moderate or light physical activity, may be especially beneficial for youths is not completely understood. This review will examine the evidence for the efficacy of vigorous physical activity for promoting the well-being of youths as indicated by body composition, physical fitness, cardiometabolic biomarkers, and cognitive function. Potential caveats associated with the promotion of vigorous physical activity among youths will also be discussed, as will the inclusion of vigorous physical activity in current recommendations by national organizations for physical activity among youths.

scholarly journals Educación Física en Chile: tiempo de dedicación y su influencia en la condición física, composición corporal y nivel de actividad física en escolares (Physical Education in Chile: time spent and its influence on physical condition, body composition, and l

Retos ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 24-29
Author(s):  
Frano Giakoni ◽  
Pablo Paredes Bettancourt ◽  
Daniel Duclos-Bastías
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Physical Education ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Physical Condition ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Light Physical Activity ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Las Mujeres

Resumen. Las clases de Educación Física constituyen un espacio de aprendizaje motriz y una instancia idónea para mantener y mejorar el estado de la salud física de los estudiantes escolares. Objetivo: Determinar la influencia que tiene el volumen de clases: dos o cuatro horas de Educación Física semanal, sobre la composición corporal, la condición física y nivel de actividad física en escolares chilenos. Método: Se evaluaron 244 estudiantes escolares de 13.11 ± .84 años de edad. Se midieron variables antropométricas, condición física y nivel de actividad física durante la clase de Educación Física. Resultados: Se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas para composición corporal (peso p = .0367), condición física (VO2máx p<.0001, dinamometría p = .0165) y nivel de actividad física (p<.0001). Según sexo se determinan diferencias significativas entre hombres y mujeres para las variables de condición física (VO2máx p<.0001, salto horizontal p<.0001 y dinamometría p<.0002) y tiempo en actividad física sedentaria (p = .0403) y ligera (p<.0001). Conclusión: El peso, VO2máx y el nivel de actividad física moderado y moderada - vigorosa, se ven modificados positivamente al realizar cuatro horas. Además, se concluye que los hombres son más activos físicamente que las mujeres y presentan mejor condición física. Los hombres y mujeres que presentan mayores valores de IMC y IMCZ-score, poseen una condición física inferior. Abstract. Physical education classes are an ideal instance to maintain and improve students’ health status. However, it is necessary to know the differences in the number of hours scheduled. Objective: To determine the influence that the allocation of two or four hours of Physical Education per week has on body composition, physical condition, and level of physical activity in schoolchildren. Method: a total of 244 students of 13.11 ± .84 years of age were evaluated. Anthropometric variables, physical condition, and level of physical activity were measured during Physical Education classes. Results: Significant differences were found for body composition (weight p = .0367), physical condition (VO2máx p<.0001, dynamometry p = .0165) and level of physical activity (p<.0001). Based on gender, significant differences between boys and girls were detected in the physical fitness variables (VO2max p<.0001, horizontal jump p<.0001, and dynamometry p<.0002) and in time in sedentary (p = .0403) and light physical activity (p<.0001). Conclusion: Weight, VO2max, and levels of moderate and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity are positively modified when performing four hours. In addition, it is concluded that boys are more physically active than girls and have a better physical condition. Boys and girls with higher BMI and BMIZ-score values have lower physical condition.

scholarly journals Relationship between Sedentary Time, Physical Activity, and Health-Related Quality of Life in Spanish Children

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 2702
Author(s):  
Manuel Ávila-García ◽  
María Esojo-Rivas ◽  
Emilio Villa-González ◽  
Pablo Tercedor ◽  
Francisco Javier Huertas-Delgado
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Physical Activity ◽  
Sedentary Time ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Health Related Quality ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
Health Related

Higher sedentary time and lower physical activity (PA) are associated with a poor health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in children. The aims of this study were: (1) to analyze the sedentary time, objectively measured PA levels (light, moderate, vigorous, and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA)), and HRQoL dimensions (physical well-being, emotional well-being, self-esteem, family, friends, school, and total score) in children; and (2) to examine the association between sedentary time, PA levels, and HRQoL in children separately by sex. A total of 459 children (8.4 ± 0.4 years old, 50.54% males) from 15 schools in Granada (Spain) participated in the study. A tri-axial accelerometer was used to measure PA levels in the children for 7 consecutive days. The Revidierter KINDer Lebensqualitätsfragebogen (KINDL-R) questionnaire was used to determine the children’s HRQoL dimensions. The results showed that males presented more minutes engaged in MVPA than females. Both sedentary time and PA levels were associated with self-esteem and total score (all p < 0.05). In males, moderate and vigorous PA levels were associated with higher HRQoL, whereas light PA was associated with higher HRQoL in females. Future studies should take into account the use of activities with difference intensities in order to increase HRQoL in males and females.

A comparison of physical activity, physical fitness levels, BMI and blood pressure of adults with intellectual disability, who do and do not take part in Special Olympics Ireland programmes: Results from the SOPHIE study

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 154-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denise Walsh ◽  
Sarahjane Belton ◽  
Sarah Meegan ◽  
Kirsty Bowers ◽  
Deidre Corby ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Special Olympics ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Fitness Levels

People with an intellectual disability are less physically active, live more sedentary lives, have lower fitness levels and are more likely to be overweight or obese than the general population. No evidence exists on the impact of participation in Special Olympics Ireland (SOI) on physical activity and physical fitness levels. Adults with intellectual disabilities (16–64 years) were recruited from services and SOI clubs. Physical measures included waist circumference, height, weight, blood pressure, heart rate and 6-min walking test. Self-report questionnaires gathered data on physical activity levels. Actigraph (GT3X) accelerometers were used to gain an objective measure of physical activity. SOI participants accumulated more moderate to vigorous physical activity per day, had higher fitness levels and more positive health profile scores than those not taking part in SOI. SOI has the potential to make a positive difference to people’s physical health and subsequently their overall health and well-being.

scholarly journals Objectively Measured Weekly Physical Activity among Adolescent Boys and its Relation to Health-Related Physical Fitness

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (91) ◽  
Author(s):  
Edita Maciulevičienė ◽  
Rita Sadzevičienė ◽  
Renata Rutkauskaitė
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Muscular Strength ◽  
Lower Body ◽  
Adolescent Boys ◽  
Endurance Test ◽  
Weekly Physical Activity ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Objectively Measured

Research background and hypothesis. The objective methods of measuring physical activity (PA) are used more and more widely in various types of research. However, in Lithuania there is a lack of such studies with adolescents. Thus, we conducted a pilot study to objectively measure boys’ PA and to develop a more accurate PA assessment methodology in Lithuania. The purpose of this study was to analyse the objectively measured adolescent boys’ weekly physical activity and its relation to their body composition and physical fitness.Research  methods.  The  participants  of  this  study  were  104  healthy  adolescent  boys.  Physical  activity  of schoolboys was measured using actigraphs (Tri-axis ActiTrainer Activity Monitors). The level of the intensity of physical activity was determined by calculating energy consumption in MET’s. Low PA (LPA) equals up to 3 MET’s, moderate PA (MPA) – 3–6 MET’s, and vigorous PA (VPA) – 8 or more METs. Based on the frequency of VPA and MPA per week, the participants of this study were divided into physical activity groups. For health-related physical fitness  assessment  the  following  tests  were  used:  body  composition  (using TANITA  Body Analyser, TBF-300); flexibility (sit and reach test, Eurofitas, 2002), power (vertical jump was measured using a jump parameter gauge (SBM-1), muscular strength and endurance (modified push-up test (Suni et al., 1994)). Research results. All of the schoolboys demonstrated LPA on each day of the assessment. MPA on each day was experienced by 59.6% of the boys. No participants achieved VPA . The most frequent MPA and VPA were observed 5–7 and 1–3 days per week, respectively. Results of body composition indicated that boys experiencing VPA had lower body fat mass compared to those who experienced only MPA and LPA (p < 0.05). Analysis of physical fitness results indicated that boys who experienced VPA were better muscular in strength and endurance test (p < 0.05), but results of high jump and sit and reach test were not significantly different. Discussion and conclusion. Boys who experienced VPA at least for 3 days/week demonstrated better muscular strength and endurance results and had lower body fat content (%) (p < 0.05). For boys who did not experience MPA at least for 6 days/week, the total amount of weekly physical activity decreased and they could not produce better results in strength and endurance test (p < 0.05). Better results of boys’ muscular strength and endurance were  significantly related to their body lower BMI (r = 0.279; p < 0.05) and fat mass (r = 0.387; p < 0.01). Objectively Measured Weekly Physical  Activity among Adolescent Boys and its  Relation to Health-Related Physical FitnessKeywords: physical activity, MET’s, actigraphs.

scholarly journals Development of smartphone application for personalized physical fitness education for university students in COVID-19 pandemic era

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adang Suherman ◽  
◽  
Kuston Sultoni ◽  
Jajat Jajat ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Smartphone Application ◽  
Physical Fitness Test ◽  
Test Items ◽  
Fitness Education ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Online Distance Learning ◽  
Online Distance

Online distance learning during the COVID-19 pandemic can impact decreasing physical activity and increasing sedentary behaviour, leading to the reduced physical fitness of students. The research aims to develop an android application (app) to assist students in developing physical fitness independently. Four stages of development have been carried out to create the Mahasiswa Bugar application. The advantages of the Mahasiswa Bugar app are as a guide to measuring physical fitness that can be done by students themselves and based on existing literature. Physical fitness test items guided through this application are health-related fitness, body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness, muscle strength and endurance, and flexibility, including features for feedback, history or recording of test results and training program. The results of the quasi-experiment show that the percentage of student involvement in vigorous physical activity has increased. Although the fit student android application's socialization did not significantly impact increasing the intensity of physical activity and motivation to train, this application could be a solution for students in fostering physical fitness independently during the COVID-19 pandemic.

scholarly journals Relationships of Accelerometer-based Measured Objective Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviour with Cognitive Function: A Comparative Cross-sectional Study of China’s Elderly Population

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi jian Wu ◽  
Zhu ying Wang ◽  
Bing qian Hu ◽  
Xu hui Zhang ◽  
Fan Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Cognitive Ability ◽  
Sedentary Behaviour ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Light Physical Activity ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract Background: This study explored the effects of physical activity and sedentary behaviour on the decline of cognitive ability among the elderly. To compensate for the limitations of self-reported physical activity, objective measures were used. Methods: A cross-sectional survey of 308 aged people mean 68.66±5.377 years, in Nanjing, China, was conducted. Physical activity was measured using the ActiGraph GT3X+, and cognitive function was measured using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment. Results: The overall participant model, adjusted for age, BMI, education, and monthly average income, found that light physical activity (β=0.006, p<0.01), moderate-vigorous physical activity (β=0.068, p<0.001), and total physical activity (β=0.006, p<0.01) had a significant linear relationship with cognitive ability, while sedentary time did not (β=-0.020, p＞0.05). Further, light physical activity only affects the cognitive ability of elderly females (β=0.006, p<0.05). There was an inverted ‘U’ association between moderate-vigorous physical activity and cognitive ability. The association models found that moderate-vigorous physical activity in the 22.13 min·day–1～38.79 min·day–1 range affected cognitive ability most beneficially, with the highest beta coefficient among all groups (β=0.091, p<0.05). Conclusions: While physical activity can significantly improve cognitive ability among the elderly, sedentary behaviour is associated with decreased cognitive function across genders.

scholarly journals Relationships of Accelerometer-based Measured Objective Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviour with Cognitive Function: A Comparative Cross-sectional Study of China’s Elderly Population

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi jian Wu ◽  
Zhu ying Wang ◽  
Bing qian Hu ◽  
Xu hui Zhang ◽  
Fan Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Cognitive Ability ◽  
Sedentary Behaviour ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Light Physical Activity ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract This study explored the effects of physical activity and sedentary behaviour on the decline of cognitive ability among the elderly. To compensate for the limitations of self-reported physical activity, objective measures were used. A cross-sectional survey of 308 aged people mean 68.66±5.377 years, in Nanjing, China, was conducted. Physical activity was measured using the ActiGraph GT3X+, and cognitive function was measured using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment. The overall participant model, adjusted for age, BMI, education, and monthly average income, found that light physical activity (β=0.006, p<0.01), moderate-vigorous physical activity (β=0.068, p<0.001), and total physical activity (β=0.006, p<0.01) had a significant linear relationship with cognitive ability, while sedentary time did not (β=-0.020, p＞0.05). Further, light physical activity only affects the cognitive ability of elderly females (β=0.006, p<0.05). There was an inverted ‘U’ association between moderate-vigorous physical activity and cognitive ability. The association models found that moderate-vigorous physical activity in the 22.13 min·day –1 ～38.79 min·day –1 range affected cognitive ability most beneficially, with the highest beta coefficient among all groups (β=0.091, p<0.05). In conclusion, while physical activity can significantly improve cognitive ability among the elderly, sedentary behaviour is associated with decreased cognitive function across genders.

Goldilocks Days: optimising children’s time use for health and well-being

2021 ◽  
pp. jech-2021-216686
Author(s):  
Dorothea Dumuid ◽  
Timothy Olds ◽  
Katherine Lange ◽  
Ben Edwards ◽  
Kate Lycett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Time Use ◽  
Sedentary Time ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Psychosocial Health ◽  
Light Physical Activity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Interactive Interface ◽  
Nationally Representative

BackgroundOne size rarely fits all in population health. Differing outcomes may compete for best allocations of time. Among children aged 11–12 years, we aimed to (1) describe optimal 24-hour time use for diverse physical, cognitive/academic and well-being outcomes, (2) pinpoint the ‘Goldilocks Day’ that optimises all outcomes and (3) develop a tool to customise time-use recommendations.MethodsIn 2004, the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children recruited a nationally-representative cohort of 5107 infants with biennial follow-up waves. We used data from the cross-sectional Child Health CheckPoint module (2015–2016, n=1874, 11–12 years, 51% males). Time use was from 7-day 24-hour accelerometry. Outcomes included life satisfaction, psychosocial health, depressive symptoms, emotional problems, non-verbal IQ; vocabulary, academic performance, adiposity, fitness, blood pressure, inflammatory biomarkers, bone strength. Relationships between time use and outcomes were modelled using compositional regression.ResultsOptimal daily durations varied widely for different health outcomes (sleep: 8.3–11.4 hours; sedentary: 7.3–12.2 hours; light physical activity: 1.7–5.1 hours; moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA): 0.3–2.7 hours, all models p≤0.04). In general, days with highest physical activity (predominantly MVPA) and low sedentary time were optimal for physical health, while days with highest sleep and lowest sedentary time were optimal for mental health. Days with highest sedentary time and lowest physical activity were optimal for cognitive health. The overall Goldilocks Day had 10 hours 21 min sleep, 9 hours 44 min sedentary time, 2 hours 26 min light physical activity and 1 hour 29 min MVPA. Our interactive interface allows personalisation of Goldilocks Days to an individual’s outcome priorities.Conclusion‘Goldilocks Days’ necessitate compromises based on hierarchies of priorities for health, social and economic outcomes.

scholarly journals Two-year longitudinal health-related fitness, anthropometry and body composition status amongst adolescents in Tlokwe Municipality: The PAHL Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Oluwatoyi O. Toriola ◽  
Makama A. Monyeki ◽  
Abel L. Toriola
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Physical Activity Intervention ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Endurance Running ◽  
Significant Positive Association ◽  
Negatively Associated ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Health Related Fitness

Aim: To evaluate a two-year longitudinal development of health-related fitness, anthropometry and body composition status amongst adolescents in Tlokwe Municipality, Potchefstroom, South Africa.Setting: A total of 283 high-school learners (111 boys and 172 girls) of ages 14 and 15 years who were part of the ongoing Physical Activity and Health Longitudinal Study (PAHLS) participated in the study. For the purpose of the present study, data collected for 2011 and 2012 for anthropometric, body composition and health-related physical fitness were used.Results: Body mass index (BMI) classification of boys and girls for 2011 and 2012 showed that 24.3% of them were underweight compared with 21% in 2012. In 2011, 50% of boys and girls had normal bodyweight compared with 52% in 2012, whilst 25.5% of the total group of participants were overweight compared with 27% in 2012. Both boys and girls showed significant increases of 5.9% in body fat (BF) and 3.2 kg in body weight over two years’ measurements, respectively. Regarding health-related fitness (i.e BAH), boys showed an increase of 14.8 seconds whilst girls gained 9.6 seconds. Significant decreases were found for sit-ups in both boys and girls. A significant VO2max increase of 2.9 mL/kg/min. was found in boys over the time period. A non-significant decrease of -0.5 mL/kg/min. was observed in girls. Regression coefficients showed that changes in BMI were inversely associated with those in health-related physical fitness. The changes in percentage BF were negatively associated with standing broad jump (SBJ), bent arm hang (BAH) and VO2 max in both boys and girls. A low significant positive association was found between changes in waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) and SBJ in both genders, whilst inverse low associations were found between WHtR and BAH in girls and for VO2max in both genders.Conclusion: Changes in BMI, %BF and WHtR were negatively associated with strength and running performances in the participating children. The relative increase in overweight, especially in girls, negatively affected their endurance running and static strength performances. The health implications of the observed findings are discussed and recommendations offered for physical activity intervention in school physical education (PE) programmes.

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