Dietary Patterns and Nutritional Health of Women: The Nutrition Transition in Rural Tanzania

Abstract Central Africa is experiencing rapid urbanization and this situation comes along with changes in food habits and an increased prevalence of obesity and associated health risks. Factors influencing dietary intake among the diverse African populations are not well understood. Our objective was to characterize the dietary intake and their determinants in the two main ethnic groups experiencing nutrition transition in Cameroon, the Bamiléké and the Béti. We sampled Bamiléké (381) and Béti (347) adults living in both rural and urban, collected sociodemographic variables, assessed dietary patterns by using a food portion photographs book to administrate a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and a 24–hour dietary recall technique, and derived their Body Mass Index (BMI) from measured weight and height. The dietary patterns of Bamiléké people were comprised of more energy-dense foods than the Béti people, regardless of the living area. The energy intake (13·8 (SD 4·6)–15·4 (SD 4·8) MJ vs 9·7 (SD 3·5)–11·2 (SD 3·9 MJ) and the obesity (15–29 % vs 5–8 %) were therefore higher in Bamiléké than in Béti respectively. Multivariable linear regression analyses showed strong associations of both ethnicities (4·02 MJ; P <0·001), living area (0·21 MJ; P <0·001), and education (0·59 MJ; P <0·048) with energy intake (EI), independently of each other and other sociodemographic factors. The ethnicity factor has been characterized as the more important determinant of diet. Our findings provide new insights and perspectives highlighting the importance of anthropological factors when building prevention campaigns against obesity in Central Africa.

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Abstract P144: Red Meat Consumption and Risk of Nonfatal Acute Myocardial Infarction: Results From a Population-based Case-control Study in Costa Rica

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.133.suppl_1.p144 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 133 (suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Dongqing Wang ◽

Hannia Campos ◽

Ana Baylin

Keyword(s):

Myocardial Infarction ◽

Acute Myocardial Infarction ◽

Costa Rica ◽

Dietary Patterns ◽

Nutrition Transition ◽

Meat Consumption ◽

The United States ◽

Population Based ◽

Red Meat ◽

Hispanic American

Background: Red meat consumption has been found positively associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) incidence and mortality in the United States and some European countries, but not in Asian countries where red meat consumption is low. The association is still unknown in Hispanic American populations which have relatively low red meat consumption but are undergoing nutrition transition towards Western dietary patterns. Objective: We aimed to estimate the association between total, processed, and unprocessed red meat consumption and nonfatal acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in the Costa Rican population. We also assessed potential mediators, effect modifiers, and the association of substituting other alternative healthy foods for red meat. Design: We recruited cases (n=1785) with a first nonfatal AMI and population-based controls (n=1785) living in Costa Rica, matched for age, sex, and area of residence. Dietary intake was assessed with a validated food frequency questionnaire. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using multivariate conditional logistic regression. Results: After adjusting for non-dietary and dietary confounders, the OR and 95% CI of nonfatal AMI was 1.12 (1.00-1.24) for 1-serving/day increase of total red meat. After further mutual adjustments between processed and unprocessed red meat, the OR and 95% CI was 1.16 (1.01-1.34) for 1-serving/day increase of processed red meat, and 1.03 (0.85-1.25) for 1-serving/day increase of unprocessed red meat. The associations were slightly modified after additionally adjusting for potential mediators including cholesterol, saturated fat, heme iron, and sodium. Substituting alternative healthier foods such as nuts, legumes, dairy, whole grains, fish, and chicken without skin or fat for red meat was associated with lower risk (ORs vary between 0.52 and 0.97). Conclusions: Increased red meat consumption as a result of the nutrition transition towards Western dietary patterns might partially explain the increased CVD rates in Costa Rica and other Hispanic American countries.

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Migrant youth’s emerging dietary patterns in Haiti: the role of peer social engagement

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s1368980014001372 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 18 (7) ◽

pp. 1262-1271 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Jessica Heckert ◽

Sandra Boatemaa ◽

Claire E Altman

Keyword(s):

Dietary Patterns ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Social Engagement ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Nutrition Transition ◽

Dietary Preferences ◽

Urban Migrants ◽

Migrant Youth ◽

Urban Migrant

AbstractObjectiveThe present study examines whether rural-to-urban migrant youth consume a greater diversity of high-sugar beverages and fried snacks (HSBFS) compared with their peers who remain in rural areas. It also tests whether the association between migration and HSBFS diversity is moderated by migrant youth’s social engagement with their peers.DesignParticipants were recruited in August and September 2011 following the completion of primary school (6th grade) and shortly before many rural youth migrate to urban areas. Participants were re-interviewed six months later. HSBFS diversity was assessed at follow-up; analyses control for baseline and follow-up characteristics.SettingBaseline interviews occurred in rural Southeast Haiti. Follow-up interviews of migrants occurred at urban destinations in Haiti.SubjectsThe sample includes 215 youth (mean age 15·9 years; 43·3 % female; 21·9 % rural-to-urban migrants) who were interviewed at baseline and follow-up.ResultsRural-to-urban migrant youth consumed a greater diversity of HSBFS products at follow-up than their rural counterparts (b=0·70,P≤0·05). Moreover, we found that this relationship varied by level of peer social engagement. Youth who migrated and had a high degree of peer social engagement consumed 2·2 additional types of HSBFS products daily than their counterparts who remained in rural areas and had low peer social engagement.ConclusionsHigher HSBFS diversity among migrant youth is consistent with the patterns proposed by the nutrition transition. Interactions with peers may have an important influence as migrant youth adopt new dietary preferences. Emerging dietary patterns among youth migrants have important implications for health trajectories and the development of degenerative diseases.

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Traditional v. modified dietary patterns and their influence on adolescents' nutritional profile

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1079/bjn20051435 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 93 (6) ◽

pp. 943-949 ◽

Cited By ~ 42

Author(s):

YoonJu Song ◽

Hyojee Joung ◽

Katrin Engelhardt ◽

Sun Young Yoo ◽

Hee Young Paik

Keyword(s):

Energy Intake ◽

Dietary Patterns ◽

Dietary Habits ◽

Nutrition Transition ◽

Daily Energy Intake ◽

Traditional Group ◽

Korean Adolescents ◽

Dietary Behaviours ◽

Daily Energy ◽

Fried Foods

Korea has experienced exceptionally rapid economic developments. Even though the country has managed to maintain aspects of its traditional diet, dietary habits are changing, especially among adolescents. This study was carried out to identify prevailing dietary patterns among Korean adolescents and to compare the nutrient intakes and dietary behaviours between the patterns. A 3 d diet record, collected from 671 Korean adolescents aged 12–14 years in Seoul, Korea, was assessed. By cluster analysis, subjects were classified into a modified (69·9 %) and a traditional (30·1 %) dietary pattern group. The modified group consumed more bread, noodles, cookies and pizza/hamburgers compared with the traditional group, which consumed mainly rice and kimchi (fermented cabbage). The modified group had significantly higher intakes of all nutrients. It had a higher total daily energy intake (7719 kJ), a higher daily energy intake from fat (29·8 %) and a higher cholesterol intake (326 mg/d), compared with the traditional group (6686 kJ, 24·8 % and 244 mg/d, respectively). The modified group was more likely to consume fast foods, fried foods and carbonated beverages even though they consumed more fresh fruits and milk, while the traditional group was more likely to have a rice-based diet and not to skip breakfast. These results suggest that monitoring dietary behaviours of adolescents, especially in a society experiencing a nutrition transition, is necessary in order to identify both negative and positive changes in respect of risk factors for nutrition-related chronic diseases as well as for undernutrition.

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Food subsidies, nutrition transition, and dietary patterns in a remote Indian district

Global Food Security ◽

10.1016/j.gfs.2021.100506 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 29 ◽

pp. 100506

Author(s):

Solveig A. Cunningham ◽

Nida I. Shaikh ◽

Ashlesha Datar ◽

Amanda E. Chernishkin ◽

Shailaja S. Patil

Keyword(s):

Dietary Patterns ◽

Nutrition Transition ◽

Food Subsidies

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Dietary patterns of the Andean population of Puna and Quebrada of Humahuaca, Jujuy, Argentina

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114507801061 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 99 (2) ◽

pp. 390-397 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

D. Romaguera ◽

N. Samman ◽

A. Rossi ◽

C. Miranda ◽

A. Pons ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diet Quality ◽

Dietary Patterns ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Representative Sample ◽

Nutrition Transition ◽

Principal Component ◽

Double Burden ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

High Level

The aim of the present study was to describe dietary patterns in a representative sample from Puna and Quebrada of Humahuaca, Jujuy, Argentina. A cross-sectional nutritional survey was carried out in a representative sample (n 1236) of individuals from these regions. For the present study, only children aged 2–9 years (n 360), adolescents aged 10–18 years (n 223) and adults aged 18 years or over (n 465) were considered. Breast-fed children, pregnant women and lactating women were excluded. Dietary data collection methods comprised one 24 h recall and a semi-quantitative FFQ. We used principal component (PC) analyses to identify prevailing dietary patterns. Multiple linear regression analyses were performed to assess the determinants of the identified dietary patterns. Two dominant PC were identified: PC1 reflected a ‘Western-like’ diet with an emphasis on not-autochthon foods. This pattern tended to be present in urban areas of the Quebrada region and was associated with a younger age, a higher level of development, and a worse diet quality. PC2 reflected an ‘Andean-like’ diet including a variety of autochthon crops. This was preferred by individuals living in rural areas from Puna with a high level of development during the post-harvest season, and was associated with a greater diet quality. These results suggest that the nutrition transition phenomenon is a reality in certain sectors of this population and might be one of the leading causes of the observed double burden of malnutrition.

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Nutrition Transition in Rural Tanzania and Kenya

World Review of Nutrition and Dietetics - Hidden Hunger ◽

10.1159/000442073 ◽

2016 ◽

pp. 68-81 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Gudrun Keding

Keyword(s):

Nutrition Transition ◽

Rural Tanzania

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What Can Dietary Patterns Tell Us about the Nutrition Transition and Environmental Sustainability of Diets in Uganda?

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu11020342 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 342 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Carolyn Auma ◽

Rebecca Pradeilles ◽

Megan Blake ◽

Michelle Holdsworth

Keyword(s):

Environmental Impact ◽

Dietary Patterns ◽

Environmental Sustainability ◽

Nutrition Transition ◽

Principal Component ◽

High Fat ◽

Urban Residence ◽

Environmentally Sustainable ◽

Food Consumption Survey ◽

Dietary Transition

Uganda is undergoing dietary transition, with possible environmental sustainability and health implications, particularly for women. To explore evidence for dietary transitions and identify how environmentally sustainable women’s dietary patterns are, principal component analysis was performed on dietary data collected using a 24 h recall during the Uganda Food Consumption Survey (n = 957). Four dietary patterns explained 23.6% of the variance. The “traditional, high-fat, medium environmental impact” pattern was characterized by high intakes of nuts/seeds, fats, oils and spreads, fish and boiled vegetables. High intakes of bread and buns, rice and pasta, tea and sugar characterized the “transitioning, processed, low environmental impact’ pattern. The ‘plant-based, low environmental impact” pattern was associated with high intakes of legumes, boiled roots/tubers, boiled traditional vegetables, fresh fruit and fried traditional cereals. High intakes of red/organ meats, chicken, and soups characterized the “animal-based high environmental impact” pattern. Urban residence was positively associated with “transitioning, processed, low environmental impact” (β = 1.19; 1.06, 1.32) and “animal-based high environmental impact” (β = 0.45; 0.28, 0.61) patterns; but negatively associated with the “plant-based low environmental impact” pattern (β= −0.49; −0.62, −0.37). A traditional, high-fat dietary pattern with medium environmental impact persists in both contexts. These findings provide some evidence that urban women’s diets are transitioning.

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New Zealand dietary patterns in relation to bone and nutritional health status among post-menopausal women

Proceedings of The Nutrition Society ◽

10.1017/s0029665120005510 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 79 (OCE2) ◽

Author(s):

Bolaji Lilian Ilesanmi-Oyelere ◽

Louise Brough ◽

Jane Coad ◽

Nicole Roy ◽

Marlena Kruger

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Health Status ◽

Postmenopausal Women ◽

Body Fat ◽

Dietary Patterns ◽

Bone Health ◽

Dietary Pattern ◽

Milk Products ◽

T Score ◽

Nutritional Health

AbstractNutrients affect bone health status. However, dietary patterns advance insight into which particular foods influence bone and nutritional health status. The aim of this study was to explore the associations between dietary patterns, bone and nutritional health status in postmenopausal women. This cross-sectional study examined 127 postmenopausal women aged between 54–81 years. Body composition and bone health status were determined using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). The dietary composition was assessed by a validated food frequency questionnaire composed of 108 foods, of which 34 food groups were created. Dietary patterns (DP) were identified by principal component analysis. The bone and nutritional measures were regressed onto the dietary pattern. Five DPs were identified, two of which were associated with nutritional status. Fruit and carbohydrate DP was associated with decreased weight (r = -0.192, P = 0.038), body mass index (r = -0.184, P = 0.047) and body fat (r = -0.181, P = 0.050). Coffee and yoghurt/cream DP was associated with weight (r = 0.223, P = 0.015), body mass index (r = 0.245, P = 0.008) and body fat (r = 0.195, P = 0.036). Bone health status; spine T-score (r = 0.283, P = 0.002), hip T-score (r = 0.309, P = 0.001), femoral neck T-score (r = 0.317, P = 0.001) and whole-body bone mineral density (r = 0.261, P = 0.004) were also associated with coffee and yoghurt/cream DP. Milk products DP was associated with spine T-score (r = 0.304, P = 0.001). A dietary pattern characterized by high factor loadings of coffee, milk and yoghurt/cream was associated with higher BMD and T-scores. Although coffee intake has been associated with low bone mass, the impact of milk products appears to override the effects of coffee as an important determinant of bone health status in postmenopausal women.

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