Cardio-cephalic neural crest syndrome: A novel hypothesis of vascular neurocristopathy

A novel hypothesis proposes that “cardio-cephalic neural crest (NC) syndrome,” i.e. cephalic NC including cardiac NC, contributes to the concurrent occurrence of vascular diseases in the cardio- and cerebrovascular regions. NC is a transient structure present in early embryogenesis. Cephalic NC provides mesenchymal cells to the vascular media in these regions. Concurrent cardio- and cerebrovascular lesions have been reported in PHACE syndrome, ACTA2 mutation syndrome, and less frequently in the spontaneous occlusion of the circle of Willis (so-called moyamoya disease). Cardiovascular lesions in these syndromes include coarctation of the aorta, persistent truncus arteriosus, patent ductus arteriosus, and coronary artery disease, and cerebrovascular lesions include agenesis and stenosis/occlusion of the internal carotid arteries, and moyamoya phenomenon. These concurrent vascular lesions both in the cardio- and cerebrovascular regions might be related to cephalic NC. This hypothesis, although not proven, may facilitate a better understanding of the above-mentioned NC-related vascular pathologies and lead to appropriate diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for clinicians and chart future direction for researchers.

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Coronary Artery Disease and Endothelial Dysfunction: Novel Diagnostic and Therapeutic Approaches

Current Medicinal Chemistry ◽

10.2174/0929867326666190830103219 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 27 (7) ◽

pp. 1052-1080 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Evangelos Oikonomou ◽

Gerasimos Siasos ◽

Vasiliki Tsigkou ◽

Evanthia Bletsa ◽

Maria-Evi Panoilia ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Coronary Artery Disease ◽

Coronary Artery ◽

Endothelial Dysfunction ◽

Endothelial Function ◽

Stable Coronary Artery Disease ◽

Therapeutic Interventions ◽

Therapeutic Approaches ◽

Cardiovascular Prognosis ◽

Ultrasound Evaluation ◽

Artery Disease

Coronary artery disease is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The most common pathophysiologic substrate is atherosclerosis which is an inflammatory procedure that starts at childhood and develops throughout life. Endothelial dysfunction is associated with the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis and is characterized by the impaired production of nitric oxide. In general, endothelial dysfunction is linked to poor cardiovascular prognosis and different methods, both invasive and non-invasive, have been developed for its evaluation. Ultrasound evaluation of flow mediated dilatation of the branchial artery is the most commonly used method to assessed endothelial function while intracoronary administration of vasoactive agents may be also be used to test directly endothelial properties of the coronary vasculature. Endothelial dysfunction has also been the subject of therapeutic interventions. This review article summarizes the knowledge about evaluation of endothelial function in acute coronary syndromes and stable coronary artery disease and demonstrates the current therapeutic approaches against endothelial dysfunction.

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Overview of Neo-Vascular Lesions after Delivery or Miscarriage

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm10051084 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (5) ◽

pp. 1084

Author(s):

Yuji Shiina

Keyword(s):

Arteriovenous Malformations ◽

Uterine Artery ◽

Spontaneous Regression ◽

Vascular Diseases ◽

Vascular Lesions ◽

Artery Pseudoaneurysm ◽

Retained Products Of Conception ◽

Products Of Conception ◽

Uterine Artery Pseudoaneurysm ◽

Retained Products

The concept of intrauterine neo-vascular lesions after pregnancy, initially called placental polyps, has changed gradually. Now, based on diagnostic imaging, such lesions are defined as retained products of conception (RPOC) with vascularization. The lesions appear after delivery or miscarriage, and they are accompanied by frequent abundant vascularization in the myometrium attached to the remnant. Many of these vascular lesions have been reported to resolve spontaneously within a few months. Acquired arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) must be considered in the differential diagnosis of RPOC with vascularization. AVMs are errors of morphogenesis. The lesions start to be constructed at the time of placenta formation. These lesions do not show spontaneous regression. Although these two lesions are recognized as neo-vascular lesions, neo-vascular lesions on imaging may represent conditions other than these two lesions (e.g., peritrophoblastic flow, uterine artery pseudoaneurysm, and villous-derived malignancies). Detecting vasculature at the placenta–myometrium interface and classifying vascular diseases according to hemodynamics in the remnant would facilitate the development of specific treatments.

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Studies on Hypertension in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats

Clinical Science ◽

10.1042/cs045011s ◽

1973 ◽

Vol 45 (s1) ◽

pp. 11s-14s

Author(s):

Kozo Okamoto ◽

Yukio Yamori ◽

Shoichiro Nosaka ◽

Akira Ooshima ◽

Fumitada Hazama

Keyword(s):

Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats ◽

Genetic Factors ◽

Vascular Lesions ◽

Hypertensive Rats ◽

Cerebrovascular Lesions ◽

Spontaneously Hypertensive

1. The pathogenesis and complications occurring in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) have been studied. 2. Genetic factors are important both in the development of hypertension and in determining susceptibility to vascular lesions. 3. Selective substrains of SHR may be particularly prone to develop cerebrovascular lesions.

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Presence of Periodontopathic Bacteria DNA in Atheromatous Plaques from Coronary and Carotid Arteries

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2015/825397 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Malgorzata Szulc ◽

Wojciech Kustrzycki ◽

Dariusz Janczak ◽

Dagmara Michalowska ◽

Dagmara Baczynska ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Porphyromonas Gingivalis ◽

Carotid Arteries ◽

Periodontal Diseases ◽

Vascular Diseases ◽

Bacterial Dna ◽

Chronic Inflammatory Response ◽

Atheromatous Plaques ◽

Patients At Risk ◽

Study Population ◽

Artery Disease

Objectives. Interest in periodontitis as a potential risk factor for atherosclerosis and its complications resulted from the fact that the global prevalence of periodontal diseases is significant and periodontitis may induce a chronic inflammatory response. Many studies have analyzed the potential impact of thePorphyromonas gingivalis, major pathogen of periodontitis, on general health. The purpose of this study was to find the presence of thePorphyromonas gingivalisDNA in the atherosclerotic plaques of coronary and carotid arteries and in the periodontal pockets in patients with chronic periodontitis, who underwent surgery because of vascular diseases.Methods and Results. The study population consisted of 91 patients with coronary artery disease or scheduled for carotid endarterectomy. The presence ofPorphyromonas gingivalisDNA in atheromatous plaques and in subgingival samples was determined by PCR. Bacterial DNA was found in 21 of 91 (23%) samples taken from vessels and in 47 of 63 (74.6%) samples from periodontal pockets.Conclusions.Porphyromonas gingivalisDNA is frequently found in atheromatous plaques of patients with periodontitis. That is why more research should be conducted to prove if this periopathogen may have an impact on endothelium of patients at risk of atherosclerosis.

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Increased Prevalence of Ventricular Septal Defect: Epidemic or Improved Diagnosis

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.83.2.200 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 83 (2) ◽

pp. 200-203

Author(s):

Gerard R. Martin ◽

Lowell W. Perry ◽

Charlotte Ferencz

Keyword(s):

Ventricular Septal Defect ◽

Septal Defect ◽

Ductus Arteriosus ◽

Coarctation Of The Aorta ◽

Cardiovascular Malformations ◽

Ventricular Septal Defects ◽

Live Births ◽

Septal Defects ◽

Clinical Diagnoses ◽

Control Study

The Baltimore-Washington Infant Study is an ongoing case-control study of congenital cardiovascular malformations in infants in whom the clinical diagnoses have been confirmed by echocardiography, catheterization, surgery, or autopsy. An increase in the prevalence of ventricular septal defects was detected in 1,494 infants with congenital cardiovascular malformations between 1981 and 1984. The prevalence of congenital cardiovascular malformations increased from 3.6 to 4.5 per 1,000 live births (P<.025) and the prevalence of ventricular septal defect increased from 1.0 to 1.6 per 1,000 live births (P< .001). The increase in ventricular septal defects accounted for the total increase in congenital cardiovascular malformations. The prevalence of isolated ventricular septal defect increased from 0.67 to 1.17 per 1,000 live births (P<.001). The prevalence of ventricular septal defect with associated coarctation of the aorta, patent ductus arteriosus, atrial septal defect, and pulmonic stenosis did not change. The prevalence of ventricular septal defect diagnosed by catheterization, surgery, and autopsy did not change; however, defects diagnosed by echocardiography increased from 0.30 to 0.70 per 1,000 live births (P<.001). It is concluded that the reported increase in prevalence of ventricular septal defect is due to improved detection of small, isolated ventricular septal defects and that there is no evidence of an "epidemic."

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Case ReportsClinical effect of ivabradine in patient with congestive heart failure with cardiogenic shock condition: A case reportAcute mesenteric ischemia on extensive anterior STEMI with paroxysmal atrial fibrilation: A rare complicationAcute fulminant myocarditis mimicking ST-elevation myocardial infarctionFractional flow reserve: Nurturing a functional perspective in angioplasty (Case Report)The role of invasive fractional flow reserve (FFR) in multivessel diseaseFibrinolytic followed by early angiography in cardiac arrest survivor patients with ST elevation ACS: A pharmaco-invasive in non-primary PCI capable hospitalEarly accelerated idioventricular rhythm followed by premature ventricular complexes as a marker for successful reperfusion in ST-elevation myocardial infarct patientInferior ST-elevation myocardial infarction complicated by unstable total atrioventricular block and diabetic ketoacidosis in end stage renal failure patientOutlflow tract ventricular arrythmia 3D ablation in LV summit Area: A case reportIntravascular hemolysis complication after transcatheter PDA closure with ADO device: A case reportA very rare case: A patient with extreme levocardia without remarkable symptomTransradial primary percutaneous coronary intervention on a patient with ST-Elevation myocardial infarction with comorbid peripheral artery disease and severe partial obstruction in the abdominal aortaAcute coronary syndrome with ventricular stormCardio-cerebral infaction: A rare case of concomitant acute right ventricular infarction and ischemic strokeTypical ECG pattern of acute pulmonary embolism in a 45 years old dyspneic and chest pain male patient: A case reportPersistent high degree AV block after early invasive strategy in acute decompensated heart failure caused by NSTEMI: A case reportAdult patent ductus arteriosus complicated by pulmonary artery endarteritis and pneumoniaRoutine thrombus aspiration in primary percutaneous coronary intervention: Is it still necessary? (Case Report)Curable severe tachycardiomyopathy due to typical atrial flutter by radiofrequency catheter ablationSinus node dysfunction in right heart failure: A rare caseLipomatous hypertrophy of the interatrial expanding into left atrial appendage mimicking thrombus: A very rare case reportConservative approach for patient in acute heart failure with cor triatriatum dexter and atrial fibrillation: A rare case reportAcute rheumatic fever in juvenile complicated by complete heart block: A case reportA nineteen years old young woman with idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis: A case reportRecurrent acute coronary syndrome – a manifestation of clopidogrel resistance: A case reportSubarterial doubly committed ventricularseptal defectcomplicated with right-sided fungalinfective endocarditisCase report: The hemodynamic effect of non invasive ventilation in atrial septal defect with severe pulmonary hypertension and respiratory failureEchocardiography-guided percutaneus transvenous mitral commissurotomy in a pregnant woman with severe mitral stenosisThe correlation between endothelial function parameter flow mediated vasodilatation with the complexity of coronary artery disease based on Syntax ScoreRuptured sinuses of valsalva aneurysms: Report of five casesParacetamol as alternative for patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) management

European Heart Journal Supplements ◽

10.1093/eurheartj/suw024 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 18 (suppl B) ◽

pp. B51-B57 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

A. Widya ◽

A. Jalaludinsyah ◽

D.G. Widyawati ◽

E. Hindoro ◽

E. Supriadi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heart Failure ◽

Rare Case ◽

Ductus Arteriosus ◽

Coronary Intervention ◽

Coronary Syndrome ◽

Flow Reserve ◽

Percutaneous Coronary ◽

St Elevation ◽

Artery Disease ◽

Patent Ductus

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MicroRNA-214 in Health and Disease

Cells ◽

10.3390/cells10123274 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (12) ◽

pp. 3274

Author(s):

Meer M. J. Amin ◽

Christopher J. Trevelyan ◽

Neil A. Turner

Keyword(s):

Transcriptional Repression ◽

Lung Cancers ◽

Rna Molecules ◽

Beneficial Effects ◽

Non Coding Rna ◽

Extensive Range ◽

Health And Disease ◽

Artery Disease ◽

Future Direction ◽

Improve Health

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenously expressed, non-coding RNA molecules that mediate the post-transcriptional repression and degradation of mRNAs by targeting their 3′ untranslated region (3′-UTR). Thousands of miRNAs have been identified since their first discovery in 1993, and miR-214 was first reported to promote apoptosis in HeLa cells. Presently, miR-214 is implicated in an extensive range of conditions such as cardiovascular diseases, cancers, bone formation and cell differentiation. MiR-214 has shown pleiotropic roles in contributing to the progression of diseases such as gastric and lung cancers but may also confer cardioprotection against excessive fibrosis and oxidative damage. These contrasting functions are achieved through the diverse cast of miR-214 targets. Through silencing or overexpressing miR-214, the detrimental effects can be attenuated, and the beneficial effects promoted in order to improve health outcomes. Therefore, discovering novel miR-214 targets and understanding how miR-214 is dysregulated in human diseases may eventually lead to miRNA-based therapies. MiR-214 has also shown promise as a diagnostic biomarker in identifying breast cancer and coronary artery disease. This review provides an up-to-date discussion of miR-214 literature by describing relevant roles in health and disease, areas of disagreement, and the future direction of the field.

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Variations and management for patients with craniocervical junction arteriovenous fistulas: Comparison of dural, radicular, and epidural arteriovenous fistulas

Surgical Neurology International ◽

10.25259/sni_557_2021 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

pp. 411

Author(s):

Shunji Matsubara ◽

Hiroyuki Toi ◽

Hiroki Takai ◽

Yuko Miyazaki ◽

Keita Kinoshita ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ◽

Carotid Artery ◽

Elective Surgery ◽

Vascular Diseases ◽

Craniocervical Junction ◽

Vascular Lesions ◽

Imaging Studies ◽

Venous Reflux ◽

Arteriovenous Fistulas ◽

Asymptomatic Patients

Background: Craniocervical junction arteriovenous fistulas (CCJAVFs) are known to be rare, but variations and clinical behaviors remain controversial. Methods: A total of 11 CCJAVF patients (M: F=9:2, age 54–77 years) were investigated. Based on the radiological and intraoperative findings, they were categorized into three types: dural AVF (DAVF), radicular AVF (RAVF), and epidural AVF (EDAVF). Results: There were four symptomatic patients (subarachnoid hemorrhage in two, myelopathy in one, and tinnitus in one) and seven asymptomatic patients in whom coincidental CCJAVFs were discovered on imaging studies for other vascular diseases (arteriovenous malformation in one, intracranial DAVF in two, ruptured cerebral aneurysm in two, and carotid artery stenosis in two). Of these 11 patients, 2 (18.2%) had multiple CCJAVFs. Of 14 lesions, the diagnoses were DAVF in 5, RAVF in 3, and EDAVF in 6 (C1–C2 level ratio =5:0, 2:1, 3:3). Patients with DAVF/RAVF in four lesions with intradural venous reflux underwent surgery, although an RAVF remained in one lesion after embolization/radiation. Since all six EDAVFs, two DAVFs, and one RAVF had neither feeder aneurysms nor significant symptoms, no treatment was provided; of these nine lesions, one DAVF and one RAVF remained unchanged, whereas six EDAVFs showed spontaneous obliteration within a year. Unfortunately, however, one DAVF bled before elective surgery. Conclusion: CCJAVFs have many variations of shunting site, angioarchitecture, and multiplicity, and they were frequently associated with coincidental vascular lesions. For symptomatic DAVF/RAVF lesions with intradural drainage, surgery is preferred, whereas asymptomatic EDAVFs without dangerous drainage may obliterate during their natural course.

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Coarctation-like Physiology with Cerebral Arteriovenous Fistula

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.44.6.1024 ◽

1969 ◽

Vol 44 (6) ◽

pp. 1024-1028

Author(s):

P. B. Deverall ◽

J. F. N. Taylor ◽

G. S. Sturrock ◽

Eoin Aberdeen

Keyword(s):

Arteriovenous Fistula ◽

Aortic Arch ◽

Cardiac Failure ◽

Ductus Arteriosus ◽

Coarctation Of The Aorta ◽

Aortic Isthmus ◽

Obstructive Lesion ◽

Cerebral Arteriovenous Fistula ◽

Flow Through ◽

Reduced Flow

Hemodynamic signs of coarctation of the aorta were present in a neonate dying in cardiac failure. A cerebral arteriovenous fistula was found at autopsy. No obstructive lesion of the aortic arch was present. Development of the aortic isthmus may be impaired if diminished flow through this segment is present. Reduced flow may be present if most of the systemic output is diverted to a fistula proximal to the isthmus, distal systemic flow being maintained by flow from right-to-left through the ductus arteriosus. Spontaneous duct closure after birth may then be followed by a reduction in distal systemic flow, resulting in signs suggestive of coarctation.

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Peripheral Vascular Disease

The Brigham Intensive Review of Internal Medicine ◽

10.1093/med/9780199358274.003.0085 ◽

2014 ◽

pp. 881-892

Author(s):

Mark A. Creager

Keyword(s):

Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm ◽

Aortic Aneurysm ◽

Carotid Artery ◽

Diagnostic Imaging ◽

Carotid Artery Disease ◽

Vascular Diseases ◽

Peripheral Vascular ◽

Abdominal Aortic ◽

Systemic Disorder ◽

Artery Disease

Atherosclerosis is a systemic disorder with regional manifestations in the heart, limbs, brain, and other organs. Advances in vascular biology, diagnostic imaging, pharmacotherapeutics, and intervention have provided physicians with greater opportunities to evaluate and manage patients with atherosclerotic vascular diseases. This chapter reviews several of these peripheral vascular diseases, including peripheral artery disease, abdominal aortic aneurysm, and carotid artery disease.

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