scholarly journals Kinematic model and its parameter identification for cannula flexible needle insertion into soft tissue

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 168781401985218
Author(s):  
Yan-Jiang Zhao ◽  
Ze-Hua Liu ◽  
Yong-De Zhang ◽  
Zhi-Qing Liu
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Minimally Invasive Surgery ◽  
Kinematic Model ◽  
Nonholonomic Constraints ◽  
Least Square Method ◽  
Needle Insertion ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Forward Kinematics ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Kinematic Models

In minimally invasive surgery, flexible needle insertion is a popular application which has been extensively researched. However, needle steering is challenging for a bevel tip cannula flexible needle due to the nonholonomic constraints and the rebounds of the needle shaft when the needle tip is reoriented. We proposed a novel kinematic model for the bevel tip cannula flexible needle based on bicycle and unicycle models, taking consideration of the deflection of the bevel tip and the rebounds of the needle shaft. Aiming at different types of paths, forward kinematics of the model was analyzed and calculated. Each parameter of the kinematic models was identified based on the experimental data using the least square method. Furthermore, the changing rules of parameters were explored under different angles of the bevel tip. The experimental results show that the errors of the proposed kinematic models are within 2 mm, which is greatly reduced compared to the traditional bicycle or unicycle model, and fulfill a general clinical surgery.

scholarly journals A Mathematical Model for Predicting the Winnowing Efficiency of Bambara Groundnut Sheller

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-228
Author(s):  
Inimfon Samuel Ossom ◽  
Akindele Folarin Alonge ◽  
Kingsley Charles Umani ◽  
Edidiong J. Bassey
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Model Equation ◽  
Model Simulation ◽  
Least Square Method ◽  
Bambara Groundnut ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Predicted Model ◽  
Experimental Values

A mathematical model for predicting the winnowing efficiency of bambara groundnut sheller was developed. The regression equation for model simulation was developed using Least Square Method. The model was verified and validated by fitting it into established experimental data from winnowing efficiency of already existed Bambara groundnut sheller. The result revealed that the fitted model correlated well with the experimental data with R-square value of 0.99. The winnowing efficiency obtained from the predicted model was approximately the same values with the experimental values. Therefore, the model equation was considered to be reasonably good for predicting the winnowing efficiency of bambara groundnut sheller for known values of moisture content and blower speed.

Identification of the Dynamic Coefficients of Hybrid Bearings

2011 ◽  
Vol 482 ◽  
pp. 31-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kossi Atchonouglo ◽  
Olivier Bonneau ◽  
Pascal Jolly ◽  
Claude Vallée
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Journal Bearing ◽  
Least Square Method ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Test Rig ◽  
Linear Region ◽  
Complex Test ◽  
Hybrid Bearing ◽  
Coefficients Identification ◽  
Stiffness And Damping

Within the linear region, the oil-film force increment of journal bearing is a fourdegree- of-freedom linear system. This paper presents an experimental method to identify hybrid bearing coefficients. Under various testing conditions described, experimental data are required on a complex test rig. An inverse technique based on least square method in time domain is developped for the coefficients identification. It results from the experimental data exploitation that the linear stiffness and damping coefficients are sensitive to the pressure feed, but the mass coefficients are insensitive.

Research on the Influence of PEG to the Nuclei Population Density of Copper Electrocrystallization

2013 ◽  
Vol 652-654 ◽  
pp. 787-790
Author(s):  
Qing Mei Wang ◽  
Feng Yan Sun
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Least Square Method ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Number Density ◽  
Glass Carbon Electrode ◽  
Sulphate Electrolyte ◽  
Glass Carbon ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Influences of the concentration of additive PEG and overpotential on the Nuclei population density of copper electrocrystallization on a glass carbon electrode (GCE) have been studied in this file. We characterized the experimental data extracted from Li’s work [10] with the least square method and exponential curves. The relationship of nucleation number density and overpotential follows the exponential function basically has been obtained by carrying on the data fitting to experimental data. And with a given overpotential, when inject PEG into acidic cupric sulphate electrolyte with a lower concentration, nucleation number density is reduced, but when the injection concentration of PEG is high enough, nucleation number density is increased instead. While with a certain concentration of PEG, as the overpotential more negative, the nuclei population density increased gradually, but if the injection concentration is low, the change of the growth rate of nucleation number density is not significant.

Experimental Study on Calibration Model Based on Pt100 Temperature Sensor

2013 ◽  
Vol 798-799 ◽  
pp. 402-406
Author(s):  
Peng Fei Li ◽  
Cheng Yv ◽  
Yong Ping Yang
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Experimental Data ◽  
Bp Neural Network ◽  
Temperature Sensor ◽  
Least Square Method ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Calibration Model ◽  
Calibration Experiment ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Lm Algorithm

In order to improve measuring-temperature accuracy of the PT100 temperature sensor, we conduct multi-point calibration experiment. The BP neural network based on LM algorithm can process experimental data and the least square method can fit out more accurate formula that express the relationship between the temperature and resistance. It is available that this arithmetic that the interrelated experiment demonstrate its accuracy improve precision of the PT100 temperature sensor.This arithmetic can be applied to the calibration test.

An Application of Least Squares Method to the Solution of the Inverse Problem of Heat Conduction

1963 ◽  
Vol 85 (4) ◽  
pp. 378-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irving Frank
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Inverse Problem ◽  
Heat Conduction ◽  
Least Squares ◽  
Heat Input ◽  
Least Squares Method ◽  
Least Square Method ◽  
The Body ◽  
Least Square

When the temperature of a body at some point is known, it is generally possible to determine the rate of heat input to the surface of the body. However, when the temperatures are determined experimentally, it will be found that there is some uncertainty in the solution for the rate of heat input. It is suggested that a least square method be used to determine the rate of heat input which best fits the experimental data.

A Study on the New Static Photoelastic Experimental Hybrid Method

2005 ◽  
Vol 297-300 ◽  
pp. 2187-2194
Author(s):  
Jai Sug Hawong ◽  
Konstantin Teche
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Numerical Method ◽  
Experimental Method ◽  
Hybrid Method ◽  
Least Square Method ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Photoelastic Experimental Hybrid Method ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Newton Raphson ◽  
Linear Least Square

In photoelastic experimental method, until now, we have used the Newton-Raphson numerical method in analysis of photoelastic experimental data such as the non-linear least square method for the photoelastic expreriment. We used the Hook-Jeeves’ numerical method in stead of Newton-Raphson numerical method for the non-linear least square method for photoelastic experimental method. The new photoelastic experimental hybrid method, that is, the photoelastic experimental hybrid method with Hook-Jeeves’ numerical method has been developed in this research. Applying the new photoelastic experimental hybrid method to stress concentration problems and plane fracture problems, it’s validity was assured. The new photoelastic experimental hybrid method is more precise and stabler than the photoelastic experimental hybrid method with Newton- Raphson numerical method (the old photoelastic experimental hybrid method)

Isobaric Vapor Liquid Equilibrium (VLE) Data of the Systems Ethylene Glycol-Glycerol and 1,2-Propylene Glycol-Ethylene Glycol at 20Pa

2011 ◽  
Vol 301-303 ◽  
pp. 235-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin Wei Zhang ◽  
Peng Bai ◽  
Wen Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Activity Coefficient ◽  
Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Propylene Glycol ◽  
Least Square Method ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Activity Coefficient Models ◽  
Medium Vacuum ◽  
Vapor Liquid

Vapor liquid equilibria (VLE) of two binary mixtures (ethylene glycol + glycerol and 1,2-propylene glycol + ethylene glycol) were measured at 20Pa. The experimental data satisfy the thermodynamic consistency by Herington method. The vapor phase can be considered as ideal phase, while the non-ideality of the liquid phase was symbolized by Wilson and NRTL activity coefficient models. The experimental data were regressed and correlated by nonlinear least square method of Matlab optimization toolbox. It is found that under the medium vacuum the relative deviations between experimental data and calculated results by the activity coefficient models for low and moderate pressures are larger than 50%. Hence a cubic polynomial regarding the molar composition of liquid phase as the correction of the models was proposed and used in regression to get the interaction parameters. The results showed that the relative deviations between calculated and experimental data are smaller than 1%. The corrected models can provide a calculation basis or data reference for medium vacuum distillation.

scholarly journals Simulations Based on Experimental Data of the Behaviour of a Monocrystalline Silicon Photovoltaic Module

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abraham Dandoussou ◽  
Martin Kamta ◽  
Laurent Bitjoka ◽  
Patrice Wira ◽  
Alexis Kuitché
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Ideality Factor ◽  
Extraction Method ◽  
Series Resistance ◽  
Least Square Method ◽  
Monocrystalline Silicon ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Photovoltaic Module ◽  
Saturation Current ◽  
Reverse Saturation Current

The performance of monocrystalline silicon cells depends widely on the parameters like the series and shunt resistances, the diode reverse saturation current, and the ideality factor. Many authors consider these parameters as constant while others determine their values based on the I-V characteristic when the module is under illumination or in the dark. This paper presents a new method for extracting the series resistance, the diode reverse saturation current, and the ideality factor. The proposed extraction method using the least square method is based on the fitting of experimental data recorded in 2014 in Ngaoundere, Cameroon. The results show that the ideality factor can be considered as constant and equal to 1.2 for the monocrystalline silicon module. The diode reverse saturation current depends only on the temperature. And the series resistance decreases when the irradiance increases. The extracted values of these parameters contribute to the best modeling of a photovoltaic module which can help in the accurate extraction of the maximum power.

Direct Assessment of Effective Renal Plasma Flow from Renoscintigraphy with a Gamma Camera and an On-Line Computer

1981 ◽  
Vol 20 (06) ◽  
pp. 274-278
Author(s):  
J. Liniecki ◽  
J. Bialobrzeski ◽  
Ewa Mlodkowska ◽  
M. J. Surma
Keyword(s):  
Count Rate ◽  
Renal Plasma Flow ◽  
Early Period ◽  
Least Square Method ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Uptake Coefficient ◽  
Positive Linear Correlation ◽  
On Line ◽  
Best Fit ◽  
Plasma Activity

A concept of a kidney uptake coefficient (UC) of 131I-o-hippurate was developed by analogy from the corresponding kidney clearance of blood plasma in the early period after injection of the hippurate. The UC for each kidney was defined as the count-rate over its ROI at a time shorter than the peak in the renoscintigraphic curve divided by the integral of the count-rate curve over the "blood"-ROI. A procedure for normalization of both curves against each other was also developed. The total kidney clearance of the hippurate was determined from the function of plasma activity concentration vs. time after a single injection; the determinations were made at 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 45, 60, 75 and 90 min after intravenous administration of 131I-o-hippurate and the best-fit curve was obtained by means of the least-square method. When the UC was related to the absolute value of the clearance a positive linear correlation was found (r = 0.922, ρ > 0.99). Using this regression equation the clearance could be estimated in reverse from the uptake coefficient calculated solely on the basis of the renoscintigraphic curves without blood sampling. The errors of the estimate are compatible with the requirement of a fast appraisal of renal function for purposes of clinical diagknosis.

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