Oropharyngeal cancer

The incidence of oropharyngeal cancer in the UK has almost trebled in the last few decades and continues to climb. It is expected that its associated symptoms will become increasingly common presenting complaints in primary care, where early recognition is hugely advantageous for patient outcomes. Thorough history and examination, plus a sound knowledge of associated risk factors, is vital in identifying potential cases, and an understanding of the correct referral pathways ensures patients are appropriately referred to head and neck cancer services. A broad overview of benign differential diagnoses, subsequent investigation and management of oropharyngeal cancers is helpful in order to properly inform and support patients in their next steps.

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Gram-negative bloodstream infections and sepsis: risk factors, screening tools and surveillance

British Medical Bulletin ◽

10.1093/bmb/ldz033 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 132 (1) ◽

pp. 5-15

Author(s):

Eleanor Mitchell ◽

Mark S Pearce ◽

Anthony Roberts

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Bloodstream Infections ◽

Screening Tools ◽

Topic Area ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Sepsis Risk ◽

Comorbidity Scores ◽

Associated Risk Factors ◽

The Uk ◽

Healthcare Associated

Abstract Introduction and background Incidence of gram-negative bloodstream infections (GNBSIs) and sepsis are rising in the UK. Healthcare-associated risk factors have been identified that increase the risk of infection and associated mortality. Current research is focused on identifying high-risk patients and improving the methods used for surveillance. Sources of data Comprehensive literature search of the topic area using PubMed (Medline). Government, professional and societal publications were also reviewed. Areas of agreement A range of healthcare-associated risk factors independently associate with the risk of GNBSIs and sepsis. Areas of controversy There are calls to move away from using simple comorbidity scores to predict the risk of sepsis-associated mortality, instead more advanced multimorbidity models should be considered. Growing points and areas for developing research Advanced risk models should be created and evaluated for their ability to predict sepsis-associated mortality. Investigations into the accuracy of NEWS2 to predict sepsis-associated mortality are required.

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Prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis and associated risk factors in women inmates admitted to a youth offenders institute in the UK

International Journal of STD & AIDS ◽

10.1258/ijsa.2007.007160 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 26-29 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

G Gabriel ◽

T Burns ◽

R Scott-Ram ◽

R Adlington ◽

L Bansi

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽

Women Inmates ◽

Youth Offenders ◽

Associated Risk Factors ◽

The Uk

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Rumen fluke (Calicophoron daubneyi) on Welsh farms: prevalence, risk factors and observations on co-infection withFasciola hepatica

Parasitology ◽

10.1017/s0031182016001797 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 144 (2) ◽

pp. 237-247 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

RHYS ALED JONES ◽

PETER M. BROPHY ◽

E. SIAN MITCHELL ◽

HEFIN WYN WILLIAMS

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Fasciola Hepatica ◽

Significant Negative Correlation ◽

Herd Size ◽

Logistic Regression Models ◽

Sunshine Hours ◽

Calicophoron Daubneyi ◽

Cattle Herds ◽

Associated Risk Factors ◽

The Uk

SUMMARYReports ofCalicophoron daubneyiinfecting livestock in Europe have increased substantially over the past decade; however, there has not been an estimate of its farm level prevalence and associated risk factors in the UK. Here, the prevalence ofC. daubneyiacross 100 participating Welsh farms was recorded, with climate, environmental and management factors attained for each farm and used to create logistic regression models explaining its prevalence. Sixty-one per cent of farms studied were positive forC. daubneyi, with herd-level prevalence for cattle (59%) significantly higher compared with flock-level prevalence for sheep (42%,P= 0·029). Co-infection betweenC. daubneyiandFasciola hepaticawas observed on 46% of farms; however, a significant negative correlation was recorded in the intensity of infection between each parasite within cattle herds (rho = −0·358,P= 0·007). Final models showed sunshine hours, herd size, treatment regularity againstF. hepatica, the presence of streams and bog habitats, and Ollerenshaw index values as significant positive predictors forC. daubneyi(P< 0·05). The results raise intriguing questions regardingC. daubneyiepidemiology, potential competition withF. hepaticaand the role of climate change inC. daubneyiestablishment and its future within the UK.

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Bronchopulmonary dysplasia: incidence and severity in premature infants born at high altitude.

10.22541/au.163255517.75085616/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Jefferson Buendia ◽

Cristian Ramieez ◽

Dione Benjumea

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Pulmonary Hypertension ◽

High Altitude ◽

Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia ◽

Premature Infants ◽

Early Recognition ◽

Clinical Practices ◽

Severity Levels ◽

Associated Risk Factors ◽

Preterm Newborns

Background: Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is the most common cause of chronic lung disease in children born prematurely. There is little information about the epidemiology and severity of BPD places with high altitude. This study aimed to evaluate the frequency of BPD severity levels and the associated risk factors with severity in a cohort of preterm newborns ≤34 weeks of gestational age born in Rionegro, Colombia Materials and methods: We carried out a retrospective analytical cohort of preterm newborns without major malformations from Rionegro, Colombia between 2011-2018 admitted to neonatal intensive unit at high altitude (2200m above sea level). The main outcomes were the incidence and severity of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Results: The bronchopulmonary dysplasia incidence was 25.7% (95% CI, 21.6-29.9). Bronchopulmonary dysplasia was moderate in 62.1% of patients and severe in 26.7%. After modeling regression analysis, the final variables associated with BPD severity levels were: sepsis (OR 2.37 CI 95% 1.04-5.40) and pulmonary hypertension (OR 3.79 CI95% 1.19-12). Conclusion: The incidence of BPD was higher and similar to cities with higher altitudes. In our population, the variables associated with BPD severity levels were: duration of oxygen therapy and pulmonary hypertension. It is necessary to increase the awareness of risk factors, the effect of clinical practices, and early recognition of bronchopulmonary dysplasia to reduce morbidity in patients with this pathology.

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Prevalence, incidence, and associated risk factors of tuberculosis in children with HIV living in the UK and Ireland (CHIPS): a cohort study

The Lancet HIV ◽

10.1016/s2352-3018(15)00200-3 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2 (12) ◽

pp. e530-e539 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Anna Turkova ◽

Elizabeth Chappell ◽

Ali Judd ◽

Ruth L Goodall ◽

Steven B Welch ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Cohort Study ◽

Associated Risk Factors ◽

The Uk ◽

Tuberculosis In Children

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Oral pre-cancer and the associated risk factors among industrial workers in Japan's overseas enterprises in the UK

Journal of Oral Pathology and Medicine ◽

10.1034/j.1600-0714.2003.00027.x ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 32 (5) ◽

pp. 257-264 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Toru Nagao ◽

Saman Warnakulasuriya ◽

Stanley Gelbier ◽

Hidemichi Yuasa ◽

Shinji Tsuboi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Industrial Workers ◽

Associated Risk Factors ◽

The Uk

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Incidence, risk factors and management of intractable diplopia

British Journal of Ophthalmology ◽

10.1136/bjophthalmol-2017-310454 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 102 (3) ◽

pp. 393-397 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

David Newsham ◽

Anna R O’Connor ◽

Richard A Harrad

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Contact Lenses ◽

Treatment Success ◽

Strabismus Surgery ◽

Intraocular Lenses ◽

Incidence Risk ◽

Associated Risk Factors ◽

Reporting Mechanism ◽

The Uk

AimsThere is a paucity of literature concerning intractable diplopia. The aims of this study were to determine the incidence of intractable diplopia in the UK, identify the causes and any associated risk factors, establish how cases are managed and if the treatment is successful and tolerated.MethodsA 1-year prospective observational study was undertaken via the British Ophthalmological Surveillance Unit (BOSU). This involved implementation of a reporting mechanism, which then triggered distribution of an incident questionnaire to explore clinical details concerning each case and a follow-up questionnaire 6 months later to explore how the case had been managed.ResultsThe incidence of intractable diplopia was 53 cases per year. The most common preceding events were strabismus surgery (32%), no known preceding event, that is,spontaneous (25%), severe head trauma (8%), cataract surgery (6%) and vitrectomy (6%). In the at-risk age group of 7 years and above, the incidence of intractable diplopia following strabismus surgery is 1 in 494 (95% CI; 1 in 296 to 790) cases. A total of nine different treatments were used in the management, with many patients receiving between two and four different methods. The overall success rate was poor, but most effective were opaque intraocular lenses (IOLs) (86%) and opaque contact lenses (50%).ConclusionIntractable diplopia is a relatively rare but important condition. The main risk factor is a pre-existing strabismus, and careful counselling is needed when planning surgical correction in patients with no demonstrable binocular function. Treatment success of intractable diplopia is high when using opaque IOLs, although with additional risk, but is often disappointing via other methods where it can be difficult to eradicate the diplopia successfully.

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