scholarly journals Rumen fluke (Calicophoron daubneyi) on Welsh farms: prevalence, risk factors and observations on co-infection withFasciola hepatica

Parasitology ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 144 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
RHYS ALED JONES ◽  
PETER M. BROPHY ◽  
E. SIAN MITCHELL ◽  
HEFIN WYN WILLIAMS
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Fasciola Hepatica ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Herd Size ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Sunshine Hours ◽  
Calicophoron Daubneyi ◽  
Cattle Herds ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
The Uk

SUMMARYReports ofCalicophoron daubneyiinfecting livestock in Europe have increased substantially over the past decade; however, there has not been an estimate of its farm level prevalence and associated risk factors in the UK. Here, the prevalence ofC. daubneyiacross 100 participating Welsh farms was recorded, with climate, environmental and management factors attained for each farm and used to create logistic regression models explaining its prevalence. Sixty-one per cent of farms studied were positive forC. daubneyi, with herd-level prevalence for cattle (59%) significantly higher compared with flock-level prevalence for sheep (42%,P= 0·029). Co-infection betweenC. daubneyiandFasciola hepaticawas observed on 46% of farms; however, a significant negative correlation was recorded in the intensity of infection between each parasite within cattle herds (rho = −0·358,P= 0·007). Final models showed sunshine hours, herd size, treatment regularity againstF. hepatica, the presence of streams and bog habitats, and Ollerenshaw index values as significant positive predictors forC. daubneyi(P< 0·05). The results raise intriguing questions regardingC. daubneyiepidemiology, potential competition withF. hepaticaand the role of climate change inC. daubneyiestablishment and its future within the UK.

Gram-negative bloodstream infections and sepsis: risk factors, screening tools and surveillance

2019 ◽  
Vol 132 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-15
Author(s):  
Eleanor Mitchell ◽  
Mark S Pearce ◽  
Anthony Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Bloodstream Infections ◽  
Screening Tools ◽  
Topic Area ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Sepsis Risk ◽  
Comorbidity Scores ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Healthcare Associated

Abstract Introduction and background Incidence of gram-negative bloodstream infections (GNBSIs) and sepsis are rising in the UK. Healthcare-associated risk factors have been identified that increase the risk of infection and associated mortality. Current research is focused on identifying high-risk patients and improving the methods used for surveillance. Sources of data Comprehensive literature search of the topic area using PubMed (Medline). Government, professional and societal publications were also reviewed. Areas of agreement A range of healthcare-associated risk factors independently associate with the risk of GNBSIs and sepsis. Areas of controversy There are calls to move away from using simple comorbidity scores to predict the risk of sepsis-associated mortality, instead more advanced multimorbidity models should be considered. Growing points and areas for developing research Advanced risk models should be created and evaluated for their ability to predict sepsis-associated mortality. Investigations into the accuracy of NEWS2 to predict sepsis-associated mortality are required.

Oropharyngeal cancer

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 650-654
Author(s):  
Carolina Watters ◽  
Sabrina Brar ◽  
Claire Richards ◽  
Rafal Niziol
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Patient Outcomes ◽  
Oropharyngeal Cancer ◽  
Early Recognition ◽  
Subsequent Investigation ◽  
Cancer Services ◽  
Associated Symptoms ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Broad Overview

The incidence of oropharyngeal cancer in the UK has almost trebled in the last few decades and continues to climb. It is expected that its associated symptoms will become increasingly common presenting complaints in primary care, where early recognition is hugely advantageous for patient outcomes. Thorough history and examination, plus a sound knowledge of associated risk factors, is vital in identifying potential cases, and an understanding of the correct referral pathways ensures patients are appropriately referred to head and neck cancer services. A broad overview of benign differential diagnoses, subsequent investigation and management of oropharyngeal cancers is helpful in order to properly inform and support patients in their next steps.

RISK FACTORS AND SEROPREVALENCE OF BRUCELLA SPP. IN CATTLE FROM WESTERN AMAZON, BRAZIL

2007 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 301-305
Author(s):  
D.M. Aguiar ◽  
G.T. Cavalcante ◽  
M.B. Labruna ◽  
S.A. Vasconcellos ◽  
A.A.R. Rodrigues ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Rose Bengal ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Herd Size ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
Significant Factors

ABSTRACT The seroprevalence of Brucella spp. and the possible associated risk factors were estimated for 2,109 adult cows in Monte Negro county, State of Rondônia, Brazil. A questionnaire was completed for each farm where cattle were sampled. Laboratory tests were Rose-Bengal Agglutination, Standard Tube agglutination, and Mercaptoethanol. The adjusted overall prevalence of Brucella spp. seropositive cows for Monte Negro county was 15% and at least 54 herds (63%) were positive. A logistic regression analysis suggested that the herd size of more than 25 cows and the presence of pigs were significant factors associated with the seropositivity (herd size: OD = 2.8; P=0.02; presence of pigs: OD = 2.5; P =0.04). Other significant variables associated to the infection, analysed by Chi-Square were the presence of seropositivity cows with the herd that were repeat breeders and birth of weak calves (P < 0.05).

scholarly journals Prevalence and associated risk factors of bovine clinical mastitis in Patiya upazila under Chittagong district of Bangladesh

2016 ◽  
pp. 5-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
MS Bari ◽  
M Alam ◽  
M Uddin ◽  
MK Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Herd Size ◽  
Clinical Mastitis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
History Of ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
General Physical

A cross sectional study was conducted to measure the prevalence; and identification of risk factors associated with clinical mastitis in dairy cows at Patiya upazila under Chittagong district of Bangladesh from 20th July to 31st December, 2013. A total of 160 farms and households were selected and 634 cows were clinically examined for determining the prevalence of mastitis and identification of risk factors. The overall prevalence of clinical mastitis was found 8.36%. Mastitis prevalence in crossbred cows was significantly (P<0.05) higher (10.09%) than indigenous cows (4.26%). The prevalence of mastitis was also significantly higher (P<0.05) with advancing age (12.5%) and in 3rd lactation period (13.62%). The cows were more prone to mastitis during 1st month of lactation (17.53%). There was a significant relationship (P<0.05) between prevalence of clinical mastitis and associated risk factors like general physical condition, herd size, frequency of dung removal, floor drainage quality and condition of floor. There was higher (P<0.01) prevalence (33.67%) of mastitis in cows having history of peri-parturient disease compared to those not having such history. Therefore, it can be concluded that minimization of risk factors of mastitis is very much necessary to control mastitis as well as to increase profitability of dairy farms.International Journal of Natural Sciences (2014), 4(1) 5-9

scholarly journals Study of prevalence and associated risk factors of anaplasmosis and theileriasis in cattle

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 567-576 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandip Kispotta ◽  
Md Faruk Islam ◽  
Md Fazlul Hoque ◽  
Md Shajedur Rahman ◽  
Adil Borman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Body Surface ◽  
Herd Size ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
High Risk Group ◽  
The Body ◽  
Ivermectin Treatment ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hygienic Measures ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

A detailed cross-sectional study was carried out to investigate the prevalence and associated risk factors of theileriosis and anaplasmosis in cattle of Dinajpur district over a period of six months from January to June 2014. A total of 200 samples were randomly collected from the cattle. A pretested questionnaire was implemented to collect data on different risk factors. Blood smears were prepared and examined under microscope (100 xs) with Giemsa’s stain. The study revealed proportional prevalence was 10% for theileriasis and 18.5% for anaplasmosis. The percentages of theileriasis and anaplasmosis 12.61% and 22.52% were higher in female than in male animal 6.74% and 13.48% respectively. In both cases, female showed higher positivity in compare with male. The univariate logistic regression analysis revealed cattle with a herd size >10 (OR=4.3), temperature (? 103ºF) (OR=3.27), presence of tick in the body surface (OR=3.09) and record of Ivermectin treatment (OR=4.47) were found significantly associated with theileriasis prevalence (p<0.05) and irregular bathing history was found significantly associated in the case of anaplasmosis prevalence (OR=0.23). However, in multivariate analysis, temperature (? 103ºF) (OR=2.89), presence of tick in the body surface (OR=2.80) and animal with a record of Ivermectin treatment (OR=4.24) showed significant association with theileriasis and herd size >10, deep brown; white colour and bathing history were significantly associated (P < 0.05) with the anaplasmosis. Good husbandry practice and adoption of hygienic measures are needed among the high risk group or individuals to minimize the spread of the disease.Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. December 2016, 2(4): 567-576

scholarly journals Prevalence, incidence, and associated risk factors of tuberculosis in children with HIV living in the UK and Ireland (CHIPS): a cohort study

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (12) ◽  
pp. e530-e539 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Turkova ◽  
Elizabeth Chappell ◽  
Ali Judd ◽  
Ruth L Goodall ◽  
Steven B Welch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Tuberculosis In Children

scholarly journals Seroprevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Bovine Brucellosis in District Gujranwala, Punjab, Pakistan

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1744
Author(s):  
Muhammad Rashid Khan ◽  
Abdul Rehman ◽  
Salman Khalid ◽  
Mansur Ud Din Ahmad ◽  
Muhammad Avais ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Herd Size ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Bovine Brucellosis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
History Of ◽  
Awareness Programs ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Bovine brucellosis is a contagious zoonotic disease that causes economic losses through abortion and infertility. A cross-sectional study was designed to determine the seroprevalence and associated risk factors of bovine brucellosis in district Gujranwala of Punjab, Pakistan. A total of 220 bovine sera (112 from buffaloes, 108 from cattle) from 46 unvaccinated herds were collected. Parallel testing by the Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT) and Indirect Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (I-ELISA) showed a 58.7% (27/46) herd-level and 22.7% (50/220) animal-level seroprevalence. Seroprevalence was higher (p < 0.001, OR = 7.62) in adult animals (37.2%) compared to younger animals (4.9%). A herd size of >10 animals (p = 0.021, OR = 7.83), less housing space (p = 0.037, OR = 6.39) and history of abortion at the farm (p = 0.023, OR = 5.6) were found as risk factors associated with the seropositivity of brucellosis. There was a substantial agreement between the RBPT and I-ELISA results (Cohen’s kappa coefficient (κ) = 64.16, percent agreement = 89.5%). In conclusion, a relatively higher seroprevalence was found compared to the previous reports from the country. Standardization and validation of the advanced diagnostic tests would be needed. Biosecurity, personal protection, quarantine measures and routine screening of animals at the farm level and disease awareness programs and consumption of pasteurized milk in the human population will be helpful in preventing the transmission/zoonosis of the disease.

scholarly journals Identifying Household Level Risk Factors for Unintentional House Fire Incidents, Injuries and Fatalities

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Samantha Turner ◽  
Sarah Rodgers ◽  
Ronan Lyons
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Conditional Logistic Regression ◽  
Household Composition ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Uk

ABSTRACTObjectivesUnintentional house fire incidents, injuries and deaths are a serious public health concern in the UK, which disproportionally affect certain groups in the population. Whilst house fires have decreased in recent years; growing financial pressures in the Fire and Rescue Services (FRSs) have resulted in funds dedicated to fire preventative activities becoming increasingly limited. To ensure ever limiting resources are targeted towards those households at greatest risk, it is essential the FRSs’ are accurately informed about the types of household at increased risk. The aim of this project is to undertake a large-scale case-control study, to identify the distinguishing household level risk factors associated with unintentional house fire incidents, injuries and deaths. ApproachUnintentional house fire incidents reported to the Welsh FRS between the years 2003-2008, were anonymised and incorporated into the Secure Anonymised Information Linkage (SAIL) Databank at the Farr Institute, Swansea University. 6943 case households (households which reported a fire to the FRS) were time-matched to 347,150 control households (case:control ratio 1:50). Individuals registered as living at these properties on the date of the fire were established using the Welsh Demographic Service (WDS) dataset. Household level variables will be created by linking case and control households to other demographic, health, educational and environmental datasets in SAIL. Conditional Logistic Regression will be used to estimate matched odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals. ResultsPotential risk factor variables were selected on the basis of a systematic review and theoretically plausible variables. Covariates include: household composition (e.g. age and gender of residents), socioeconomic status, educational attainment, smoking, alcohol consumption, mental health conditions, other health related conditions, mobility and sensory impairments and property related characteristics. Fire related circumstances (e.g. fire ignition source, presence of a smoke alarm) will also be investigated in logistic regression models exploring risk factors for injury and death. Results will be presented at the conference. ConclusionThis is the first large-scale analysis of risk factors for unintentional house fire incidents, injuries and deaths. The findings from this project will be translated into comprehensible infographics, designed to support the FRSs, other partner organisations and the general public, recognise high risk households in need of preventative interventions.

scholarly journals Changes in prevalence of cognitive impairment and associated risk factors 2000–2015 in São Paulo, Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabiana Silva Ribeiro ◽  
Yeda Aparecida de Oliveira Duarte ◽  
Jair Lício Ferreira Santos ◽  
Anja K. Leist
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Abstract Introduction Decreases in prevalence of cognitive impairment and dementia over the last two decades have been observed in different countries for cohorts entering older age. This study aimed to assess the cognitive impairment prevalence and explore associated factors among subjects aged >60 living in São Paulo, Brazil. Method Data came from a population-based Health, Welfare and Aging survey conducted in 2000, 2006, 2010, and 2015. Cognitive impairment was detected using the abbreviated Mini-Mental State Exam corrected by formal education years. In total, there were 5922 respondents in the statistical analyses. Results Logistic regression models adjusted for age group, income, race, cardiovascular risk factors, and depression were used to estimate cognitive impairment prevalence. Between 2015 and 2000, respondents were more likely to report formal education, hypertension, diabetes, and overweight/obesity. Moreover, the weighted analyses showed that cognitive impairment prevalence was higher in 2015, even adjusting for sociodemographic and socioeconomic characteristics, cardiovascular risk factors, and depression. Conclusion In contrast to decreases in cognitive impairment prevalence in other countries and despite increases in educational years, our findings suggest no secular improvements in cognitive health for the 2015 wave of older adults residing in São Paulo.

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