The Effect of Seeking Resource Diversity on Post-Alliance Innovation Outcomes

2021 ◽  
pp. 183933492110153
Author(s):  
Richie L Liu ◽  
Sakdipon Juasrikul ◽  
Sean Yim
Keyword(s):  
Strategic Alliance ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Publicly Traded ◽  
Organizational Boundary ◽  
Industry Level ◽  
Multiple Levels ◽  
Alliance Partners ◽  
Resource Diversity ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Innovation Outcomes

Prior research has studied the influence of R&D resource diversity, but such work only examined a single level of resource diversity. Although alliance partners engage in multiple levels of resource diversity to expand their organizational boundary, we have limited knowledge of how to utilize internal and between partners’ R&D resources. Drawing upon the perspectives of the tensions-based view and organizational boundary, we test the effects of three different levels of resource diversities, simultaneously, on post-alliance innovation outcomes. Using a dataset of 320 U.S. publicly traded firms that participated in a strategic alliance and had a patent filing between 1985 and 2010, our results reveal that internal R&D resource diversity, the R&D diversity between partners, and the similarity of industry level negatively effects innovative outcomes. However, both internal R&D resource diversity and similarity of industry level diminish the negative influence of newly acquired R&D resources from partners. We not only contribute to the existing body of work by investigating multiple levels of diversity but also provide insight to practitioners when engaging in such diversities with different levels.

The subcellular localization and activity of Drosophila cubitus interruptus are regulated at multiple levels

Development ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 126 (22) ◽  
pp. 5097-5106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Q.T. Wang ◽  
R.A. Holmgren
Keyword(s):  
Subcellular Localization ◽  
Nuclear Localization Signal ◽  
Transcriptional Repression ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Cubitus Interruptus ◽  
Downstream Target ◽  
Localization Signal ◽  
Hh Signaling ◽  
Multiple Levels ◽  
Different Levels

Cubitus interruptus (Ci), a Drosophila transcription factor, mediates Hedgehog (Hh) signaling during the patterning of embryonic epidermis and larval imaginal discs. In the absence of Hh signal, Ci is cleaved to generate a truncated nuclear form capable of transcriptional repression. Hh signaling stabilizes and activates the full-length Ci protein leading to strong activation of downstream target genes including patched and decapentaplegic. A number of molecules have been implicated in the regulation of Ci. Mutations in these molecules lead to changes in Ci protein level, the extent of Ci proteolysis and the expression of Ci target genes. This paper examines the regulation of Ci subcellular localization and activity. We first characterize a bipartite nuclear localization signal (NLS) within Ci. We propose that the subcellular distribution of Ci is affected by two opposing forces, the action of the NLS and that of at least two regions targeting Ci to the cytoplasm. Further our data show that loss of PKA or Costal-2 activity does not fully mimic Hh signaling, demonstrating that Ci proteolysis and Ci activation are two distinct events which are regulated through different paths. Finally, we propose that there are three levels of apparent Ci activity, corresponding to three zones along the AP axis with different sets of gene expression and different levels of Hh signaling.

Unmasking conflict in vertical coopetition

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anni Rajala ◽  
Annika Tidström
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Multiple Levels ◽  
A Company ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
And Task

Purpose The purpose of this study is to increase understanding about vertical coopetition from the perspective of interrelated conflict episodes on multiple levels. Design/methodology/approach The empirical part is based on a qualitative single case study of a coopetitive buyer-supplier relationship in the manufacturing sector. Findings Conflicts in vertical coopetition evolve from being merely functional and task-related to becoming dysfunctional and relationship-related, as the level of competition increases. The nature of conflict episodes influences the development of vertical coopetition, and therefore, the interrelatedness of conflict episodes is important to acknowledge. Practical implications Although a conflict is considered functional within a company, it may still be dysfunctional as far as the coopetitive relationship with the buyer or seller is concerned. Competition may trigger conflicts related to protecting own technology and knowledge, which may lead to termination of the cooperation, therefore coopetition should be managed in a way that balance sharing and protecting important knowledge to get advantages of coopetition. Originality/value The findings enhance prior research on vertical coopetition by offering new perspectives on causes of conflicts, their management, outcomes and types. The value of taking a multilevel approach lies in the ability to show how conflicts occur and influence other conflicts through the interrelatedness of conflict elements on different levels.

Types of cooperation and networks

2019 ◽  
pp. 101-122
Author(s):  
John Child ◽  
David Faulkner ◽  
Stephen Tallman ◽  
Linda Hsieh
Keyword(s):  
Joint Ventures ◽  
Strategic Alliance ◽  
International Expansion ◽  
Expansion Joint ◽  
Alliances And Joint Ventures ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Supplier Contracts ◽  
The Many ◽  
Different Levels

Chapter 5 reviews the traditional forms of strategic alliance and network. It shows that there are many different types, ranging from supplier contracts to equity joint ventures, and all have different levels of interaction and independence. Networks are another well-established form of cooperation; these can embrace several, sometimes many, firms and other partners. This chapter discusses dominated, equal partner, and coordinated networks. This chapter also describes a variety of taxonomies proposed for classifying alliances. It notes that Yoshino and Rangan (1995) and Dussauge and Garrette (1999) have perhaps the most attractive typologies of alliance forms among the many on offer. Yoshino and Rangan categorize alliances into non-traditional contracts, equity alliances, and joint ventures. Dussauge and Garrette identify international expansion joint ventures, vertical partnerships, diversification alliances, complementary alliances, shared supply alliances, and quasi-concentration alliances. The chapter concludes with some suggestions as to which forms may be most appropriate for which situations.

Expertise in applied studio teaching: Teachers working with multiple levels of learners

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 283-298
Author(s):  
Jennifer Blackwell
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Music Education ◽  
Positive Feedback ◽  
Music Teachers ◽  
Applied Music ◽  
Teacher Modeling ◽  
Video Recordings ◽  
Multiple Levels ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Formal Recognition

One-to-one lessons are ubiquitous in music education, and thus understanding the components of effective teaching in this environment is essential for student learning. This study explored whether the teaching elements identified in previous studies were evident with applied music teachers working with both college and pre-college students, and if those elements differed as a function of the level of the students. In addition, these teachers were asked to provide commentary on what they deemed important to effective studio teaching. I examined video recordings of 18 lessons given by two applied teachers who had received formal recognition for outstanding teaching. Many of the observations in this study were consistent with previous findings; however, higher rates of low magnitude positive feedback and student errors that did not elicit stops were present. One element regarding physical proximity was added. The findings indicate important differences in the way these teachers approach students at different levels, particularly regarding side coaching during performance, teacher modeling, feedback, and correction of errors. Participants also emphasized the importance of rapport and positive relationships.

scholarly journals The levels problem in psychopathology

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus I. Eronen
Keyword(s):  
Philosophy Of Science ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Scientific Practice ◽  
Pragmatic Approach ◽  
Multiple Levels ◽  
Different Levels

Abstract Psychiatric disorders are studied at multiple levels, but there is no agreement on how these levels are related to each other, or how they should be understood in the first place. In this paper, I provide an account of levels and their relationships that is suited for psychopathology, drawing from recent debates in philosophy of science. Instead of metaphysical issues, the focus is on delivering an understanding of levels that is relevant and useful for scientific practice. I also defend a pragmatic approach to the question of reduction, arguing that even in-principle reductionists should embrace pluralism in practice. Finally, I discuss the benefits and challenges in integrating explanations and models of different levels.

natural selection of asymmetric traits operates at multiple levels

2005 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 605-606 ◽  
Author(s):  
michael k. mcbeath ◽  
thomas g. sugar
Keyword(s):  
Natural Selection ◽  
Dominant Eye ◽  
Multiple Levels ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Selection Of

natural selection of asymmetric traits operates at multiple levels. some asymmetric traits (like having a dominant eye) are tied to more universal aspects of the environment and are coded genetically, while others (like pedestrian turning biases) are tied to more ephemeral patterns and are largely learned. species-wide trends of asymmetry can be better modeled when different levels of natural selection are specified.

What do firms from transition economies want from their strategic alliance partners?

2011 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael N. Young ◽  
David Ahlstrom ◽  
Garry D. Bruton ◽  
Yuri Rubanik
Keyword(s):  
Transition Economies ◽  
Strategic Alliance ◽  
Alliance Partners

Resource and Risk Management in the Strategic Alliance Making Process

1998 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. K. Das ◽  
Bing-Sheng Teng
Keyword(s):  
Strategic Alliances ◽  
Strategic Alliance ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Managerial Implications ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Alliance Partners ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Relational Risk

Resource-based and risk-based views of strategic alliances have not been adequately reflected in the literature. This paper identifies four types of critical resources that the partners bring to an alliance: financial, technological, physical, and managerial resource. It also suggests two basic types of risk in strategic alliances: relational risk and performance risk. The alliance making process is examined in terms of the interactive effects of resource and risk on the orientations and objectives of the prospective alliance partners. Managerial implications are discussed and future research directions indicated in the form of propositions for empirical testing.

Evaluating International Competitiveness at the Industry Level

1998 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 39-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Momaya
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
International Competitiveness ◽  
The United States ◽  
International Project ◽  
Industry Level ◽  
Management Processes ◽  
Need To Evaluate ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Indian Industries ◽  
Different Levels

In recent years, the importance of competitiveness has been increasingly recognized. In this article⁄ Momaya discusses different levels of competitiveness and reviews its significance at the industry level. To enhance the understanding of the dynamics of competitiveness, it is divided into three facets: assets, processes, and performance. A methodology to evaluate the relative competitiveness at the industry level is developed and listed in the context of the construction indus try in Canada, Japan, and the United States. While presenting the findings of the international project, Momaya confirms the important role strategic management processes play in enhancing competitiveness and stresses on the need to evaluate international competitiveness of crucial Indian industries.

Design of Hierarchic Platforms for Customizable Products

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel Hernandez ◽  
Janet K. Allen ◽  
Farrokh Mistree
Keyword(s):  
Product Family ◽  
Product Performance ◽  
Product Platform ◽  
Electric Motors ◽  
Product Platforms ◽  
Individual Product ◽  
Geometric Space ◽  
Multiple Levels ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Different Levels

The objective in product platform design is to synthesize a set of components that will be shared by a number of product variants considering potential sacrifices in individual product performance that result from parts sharing. A good platform strategy should allow us to specify different levels of commonality for the various features and components of the product family in order to reduce the impact of commonality on performance. In this paper, we formulate the design of platforms for customizable products as a problem of optimization of access in a geometric space. This approach allows us to develop systematically hierarchic product platforms with multiple levels of commonality. We illustrate the proposed approach with a case example: the design of a product platform for a line of customizable electric motors.

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