scholarly journals Quantitative Analysis of Catechin, Flavonoid, and Saponin Constituents in “Tea Flower”, the Flower Buds of Camellia sinensis, from Different Regions in Taiwan

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1300801 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshio Morikawa ◽  
I-Jung Lee ◽  
Shuhei Okugawa ◽  
Sohachiro Miyake ◽  
Yoshinobu Miki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Camellia Sinensis ◽  
Mountain Region ◽  
Major Constituent ◽  
Mountain Regions ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Northern Areas ◽  
Northern Taiwan ◽  
Analytical Protocols

Using the recently developed two analytical protocols, distributions were analyzed of five catechins (1–5), ten flavonoids (6—15), caffeine (16), and nine saponins (17—25) in 12 samples of flower buds of Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze, collected at different points in Taiwan. Characteristic tendencies with respect to the distribution of these constituents were observed according to the region of collection. Among the catechins, (–)-epigallocatechin 3- O-gallate (5) was the major constituent in all the samples. Notably, the content of 5 was higher in samples from the mountain regions in the middle and northern Taiwan than in samples from other regions. As for the principal flavonoids, the content of 10 was higher than that of 11 in most of the samples except those of Sijichun tea. For the saponin contents, the following trends were observed: (1) contents of chakasaponins I—III (17—19) were higher in samples from the mountain region in the middle and northern areas; and (2) contents of floratheasaponins A—F (20—25) were higher in the samples from central and southern areas.

Versatile Health Benefits of Catechin from Green Tea (Camellia sinensis)

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satheesh Babu Natarajan ◽  
Suriyakala Perumal Chandran ◽  
Sahar Husain Khan ◽  
Packiyaraj Natarajan ◽  
Karthiyaraj Rengarajan
Keyword(s):  
Green Tea ◽  
Camellia Sinensis ◽  
Health Benefits ◽  
Epigallocatechin Gallate ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Major Constituent ◽  
Epicatechin Gallate ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Green Tea Catechin ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Background: Tea (Camellia sinensis, Theaceae) is the second most consumed beverage in the world. Green tea is the least processed and thus contain rich antioxidant level, and believed to have most of the health benefits. </p><p> Methods: We commenced to search bibliographic collection of peer reviewed research articles and review articles to meet the objective of this study. </p><p> Results: From this study, we found that the tea beverage contains catechins are believed to have a wide range of health benefits which includes neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, antiulcer, antiviral, antibacterial, and anti-parasitic effects. The four major catechin compounds of green tea are epigallocatechin (EGC), epicatechin (EC), epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), and epicatechin gallate (ECG), of which EGCG is the major constituent and representing 50-80% of the total catechin content. And also contain xanthine derivatives such as caffeine, theophylline, and theobromine, and the glutamide derivative theanine. It also contains many nutritional components, such as vitamin E, vitamin C, fluoride, and potassium. We sum up the various green tea phytoconstituents, extraction methods, and its medicinal applications. </p><p> Conclusion: In this review article, we have summarized the pharmacological importance of green tea catechin which includes antioxidant potential, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anticancer, antidiabetic and cosmetic application.

scholarly journals The Influence of Land Use Change on Key Ecosystem Services and Their Relationships in a Mountain Region from Past to Future (1995–2050)

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 616
Author(s):  
Jie Gao ◽  
Xuguang Tang ◽  
Shiqiu Lin ◽  
Hongyan Bian
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Sustainable Land Use ◽  
Mountain Region ◽  
Water Yield ◽  
Mountain Regions ◽  
Mountain Areas ◽  
The Government ◽  
Steep Slopes

The ecosystem services (ESs) provided by mountain regions can bring about benefits to people living in and around the mountains. Ecosystems in mountain areas are fragile and sensitive to anthropogenic disturbance. Understanding the effect of land use change on ESs and their relationships can lead to sustainable land use management in mountain regions with complex topography. Chongqing, as a typical mountain region, was selected as the site of this research. The long-term impacts of land use change on four key ESs (i.e., water yield (WY), soil conservation (SC), carbon storage (CS), and habitat quality (HQ)) and their relationships were assessed from the past to the future (at five-year intervals, 1995–2050). Three future scenarios were constructed to represent the ecological restoration policy and different socioeconomic developments. From 1995 to 2015, WY and SC experienced overall increases. CS and HQ increased slightly at first and then decreased significantly. A scenario analysis suggested that, if the urban area continues to increase at low altitudes, by 2050, CS and HQ are predicted to decrease moderately. However, great improvements in SC, HQ, and CS are expected to be achieved by the middle of the century if the government continues to make efforts towards vegetation restoration on the steep slopes.

scholarly journals COMPARISION OF PHYTOCHEMICALS IN THE FLOWER BUDS, PEDICELS AND LEAVES OF SYZYGIUM AROMATICUM (L.) MERRIL AND PERRY

2019 ◽  
pp. 4-7
Author(s):  
Rajalekshmy V. S. ◽  
V. Manimekalai
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Major Constituent ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Syzygium Aromaticum ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Reduced Pressure ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Mature Flower ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Major Chemical

Objective: To analyse and compare the major chemical components in the flower buds, pedicels and leaves of Syzygium aromaticum by Gas-Chromatography Mass spectrometry technique. Methods: Healthy and mature flower buds, pedicels and leaves were shade dried and pulverized using a mechanical grinder. The powder was successively extracted with ethanol (40-60o C). The extracts were concentrated under reduced pressure in a rotary evaporator. The ethanolic extracts of the plant parts such as leaves, pedicels, and buds were used for GC-MS analysis.Results: The major constituent is eugenol. Pedicels contain 79.75% eugenol, buds contain 74.12% eugenol and leaves contain 51.03% eugenol. In addition to eugenol, other important components are Acetyl eugenol, Caryophyllene, Humulene and Caryophyllene oxide.Conclusion: Eugenol has a wide range of medicinal properties such as antiseptic, anaesthetic, analgesic anti-inflammatory. Commercially pedicel is not used for eugenol extraction. Present study has revealed that it could be used as a promising one in pharmaceutical industry in addition to flower buds.

scholarly journals Chemical Structure of an Acylated Oleanane-type Triterpene Oligoglycoside and Anti-inflammatory Constituents from the Flower Buds of Camellia sinensis

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1701200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomoe Ohta ◽  
Seikou Nakamura ◽  
Tomoko Matsumoto ◽  
Souichi Nakashima ◽  
Keiko Ogawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Camellia Sinensis ◽  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Raw264.7 Cells ◽  
No Production ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

A new acylated oleanane-type triterpene oligoglycoside, floratheasaponin K (1), was isolated together with 11 known compounds including floratheasaponins D (2)–G (5), and I (6), chakasaponin V (7), and assamsaponin E (8) from the flower buds of Camellia sinensis cultivated in India. The chemical structure of floratheasaponin K (1) was elucidated on the basis of chemical and physicochemical evidence. In addition, chakasaponins V (7) and I (13) significantly inhibited nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide- (LPS) activated RAW264.7 cells without cytotoxicity.

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