scholarly journals Possible Role of Fat Tissue in the Pharmacokinetics of Dodeca-2E,4E,8Z,10E/Z-tetraenoic Acid Isobutylamides after Oral Administration of Echinacea angustifolia Extract in Rats

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1400900
Author(s):  
Nikoletta Jedlinszki ◽  
Dóra Rédei ◽  
József Haller ◽  
Tamás F. Freund ◽  
Judit Hohmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Administration ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Pharmacological Action ◽  
Reversed Phase ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Fat Tissue ◽  
Tetraenoic Acid ◽  
Echinacea Angustifolia ◽  
The Brain

Alkamides are one of the most important constituents of lipophilic extracts of Echinacea angustifolia roots. These compounds play an important role in the versatile pharmacological actions of this plant. The present study aimed to compare the concentrations of isomeric dodeca-2 E,4 E,8 Z,10 E/ Z-tetraenoic acid isobutylamides (DTAI) in brain and periepididymal fat tissues and blood plasma of rats. Thirty, 60, 240 and 720 min after the oral administration of E. angustifolia root extract, tissue and plasma concentrations were determined by reversed-phase HPLC with ESI-MS/MS detection. The calculated terminal t½ of the mixture of DTAI was 8.28 h, which indicates a relatively slow elimination. In the 0.5–4 h period the brain/plasma and fat/plasma concentration ratios were continuously above 3 and 18, respectively, followed by equilibrium at 12 h. Our results indicate substantial accumulation of alkamides in lipid-rich tissues, which presumably contributes to a maintained pharmacological action.

scholarly journals Curcumin Reduce Sodium Fluoride-Induced Oxidative Stress in Rat Brain

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nagapuri Kiran Kumar ◽  
Mesram Nageshwar ◽  
Karnati Pratap Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Oral Administration ◽  
Rat Brain ◽  
Sodium Fluoride ◽  
Oxidative Stress Markers ◽  
Stress Markers ◽  
The Brain

This study reports the ameliorative role of curcumin against sodium fluoride (NaF) induced oxidative stress in the brain of rats. The rats were divided into control, NaF (20 mg/kg), NaF+Curcumin (20mg/kg) and Curcumin (20mg/kg) groups respectively and treated at everyday interval for 60 consecutive days. Oxidative stress markers in the brain were measured at 60th day. NaF treatment significantly increased LPO content, but decreased the level of GSH and activities of SOD, GPx, and CAT the brain of rats in comparison to the control rats. Oral administration of curcumin to fluoride exposed rats significantly reversed the content of lipid peroxidation, as well as enhanced the level of GSH and SOD, GPx and CAT activities to normal compared to NaF exposed rats. Thus, curcumin showed the potential to prevent sodium fluoride induced oxidative damage in the brain of rats and curcumin may be useful agents against neurodegeneration in the brain.

scholarly journals Monitoring the Level of 14C-Labelled Selegiline Following Oral Administration

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Huba Kalász ◽  
Kornélia Tekes ◽  
Erzsébet B. Faigl ◽  
Zita Pöstényi ◽  
Eszter Berekméri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Serum Level ◽  
Oral Administration ◽  
Time Dependence ◽  
Tissue Distribution ◽  
Intraperitoneal Injection ◽  
Intraperitoneal Administration ◽  
Reversed Phase ◽  
Reversed Phase Hplc ◽  
Body Compartments ◽  
The Brain

Background: Selegiline [(-)-deprenyl] is widely used for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease in humans. Objective: Time-dependence of tissue distribution of selegiline following per os administration to rats. Method: Oral administration of radiolabeled selegiline to rats resulted in a pattern of tissue distribution similar to that following intraperitoneal injection. Analyses were done using both reversed-phase HPLC and also by counting radioactivity in various body compartments of rats. Results: As a consequence of oral administration of 30 mg/kg of selegiline, its level in the stomach was extremely high (179.57 µg/g tissue through 54.67 µg/g at 15 min to 120 min), that is one magnitude higher than that in the serum level. High selegiline concentrations were also detected in the lacrimal glands (7.45 µg/g), kidneys (6.87 µg/g), livers (6.01 µg/g) and lungs (3.47 µg/g) after 30 minutes of application, which were higher than after intraperitoneal injections. Conclusion: The relatively high tissue levels remained for 120 min monitoring. Selegiline levels in the brain (1.69 µg/g) and in the testes (1.88 µg/g) were also considerably higher than following intraperitoneal administration during the entire period of observation (15 to 120 min).

Discontinuous Monitoring of Propofol Concentrations in Expired Alveolar Gas and in Arterial and Venous Plasma during Artificial Ventilation

2006 ◽  
Vol 104 (4) ◽  
pp. 786-790 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Grossherr ◽  
Andreas Hengstenberg ◽  
Torsten Meier ◽  
Leif Dibbelt ◽  
Klaus Gerlach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Artificial Ventilation ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Reversed Phase ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Continuous Application ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Venous Plasma

Background Analyzing propofol concentration in expired alveolar gas (cPA) may be considered as a convenient, noninvasive method to follow the propofol concentration in plasma (cPPL). In the current study, the authors established procedures to measure cPA and cPPL for the assessment of their relation in two animal models during anesthesia. Methods Expired alveolar gas and mixed venous and arterial blood were simultaneously sampled during continuous application of propofol for general anesthesia to three goats and three pigs. Propofol infusion rates were varied to modify plasma concentrations. cPA, sampled cumulatively over several respiratory cycles, was quantified by thermal desorption gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. cPPL was determined using reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. Results cPA ranged from 0 to 1.4 and from 0 to 22 parts per billion in goats and pigs, respectively, at cPPL of 0-8 microg/ml. The relation between cPA and cPPL was linear; however, the slopes of the regression lines varied between animals. Conclusion Propofol can be quantified in expired alveolar gas. The results stress the role of marked species-specific variability.

The Role of Mitochondria in the Genesis of Neuroaxonal Dystrophy in the Brains of Aging Mice

1975 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 372-373
Author(s):  
J.E. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Present Report ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Dorsal Column ◽  
Neuroaxonal Dystrophy ◽  
Nucleus Gracilis ◽  
Dystrophic Axons ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Nucleus Cuneatus

Although neuroaxonal dystrophy (NAD) has been examined by light and electron microscopy for years, the nature of the components in the dystrophic axons is not well understood. The present report examines nucleus gracilis and cuneatus (the dorsal column nuclei) in the brain stem of aging mice.Mice (C57BL/6J) were sacrificed by aldehyde perfusion at ages ranging from 3 months to 23 months. Several brain areas and parts of other organs were processed for electron microscopy.At 3 months of age, very little evidence of NAD can be discerned by light microscopy. At the EM level, a few axons are found to contain dystrophic material. By 23 months of age, the entire nucleus gracilis is filled with dystrophic axons. Much less NAD is seen in nucleus cuneatus by comparison. The most recurrent pattern of NAD is an enlarged profile, in the center of which is a mass of reticulated material (reticulated portion; or RP).

Fibrinolytic Activity of Cerebro-Spinal Fluid and the Development of Artificial Cerebral Haematomas in Dogs

1969 ◽  
Vol 21 (02) ◽  
pp. 294-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Mihara ◽  
T Fujii ◽  
S Okamoto
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Carboxylic Acid ◽  
Fibrinolytic Activity ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Trans Form ◽  
Plate Method ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Fibrin Plate ◽  
The Brain

SummaryBlood was injected into the brains of dogs to produce artificial haematomas, and paraffin injected to produce intracerebral paraffin masses. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and peripheral blood samples were withdrawn at regular intervals and their fibrinolytic activities estimated by the fibrin plate method. Trans-form aminomethylcyclohexane-carboxylic acid (t-AMCHA) was administered to some individuals. Genera] relationships were found between changes in CSF fibrinolytic activity, area of tissue damage and survival time. t-AMCHA was clearly beneficial to those animals given a programme of administration. Tissue activator was extracted from the brain tissue after death or sacrifice for haematoma examination. The possible role of tissue activator in relation to haematoma development, and clinical implications of the results, are discussed.

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