Radiation-Induced Rhinitis: Cytological and Olfactory Changes

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Riva ◽  
Pierfrancesco Franco ◽  
Erica Provenzano ◽  
Francesca Arcadipane ◽  
Claudia Bartoli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mucous Cell ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Cytological Examination ◽  
Nasal Cavities ◽  
Symptom Evaluation ◽  
Squamous Cell Metaplasia ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
Nasal Cytology ◽  
Acute Rhinitis

Background Oral mucositis is a well-known adverse event of radiotherapy (RT) for head and neck cancer (HNC). Its nasal counterpart, the radiation-induced rhinitis, is poorly studied and considered in clinical practice. Objective The aim of this observational study was to evaluate acute cytological and olfactory alterations during RT and their correlation with RT doses. Methods Ten patients who underwent RT for HNC, excluding tumors of the nasal cavities, were evaluated with nasal scraping for cytological examination, Sniffin’ Sticks test for olfactory assessment, and Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation scale. The examinations were performed before (T0), at mid-course (T1), and at the end (T2) of RT. They were repeated 1 and 3 months after RT (T3 and T4). Mean dose (Dmean) and near maximum dose (D2%) to nasal cavities and inferior turbinates were used for correlation analyses. Results Radiation-induced rhinitis was present in 70% of patients at T2, and it was still observed in 40% of cases after 3 months. Although olfactory function remained within the normal range at the evaluated times, a significant decrease in odor threshold and discrimination was observed during RT, which returned to baseline levels after RT. Nasal cytology showed a radiation-induced rhinitis with neutrophils and sometimes bacteria. Mucous and squamous cell metaplasia appeared in 10% of patients. Dmean and D2% to inferior turbinates were associated to neutrophilic rhinitis at T2, and D2% to inferior turbinates was correlated to mucous cell metaplasia at T2. Conclusions RT for HNC induces acute rhinitis that may persist after the completion of treatment and can affect patient’s quality of life. Nasal cytology can help to choose the best treatment on an individual basis.

scholarly journals Quality of Life in Patients with Nasal Obstruction after Septoplasty: A Single Institution Prospective Observational Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justyna Dąbrowska-Bień ◽  
Henryk Skarżyński ◽  
Sebastian Filip Górski ◽  
Piotr Henryk Skarżyński
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Observational Study ◽  
Nasal Obstruction ◽  
Prospective Observational Study ◽  
Common Symptom ◽  
Single Institution ◽  
High Satisfaction ◽  
Symptom Evaluation ◽  
The Individual

Abstract Introduction Nasal obstruction is a common symptom in otorhinolaryngological practice. It can impact significantly on the quality of life of the individual. Objective The primary goal of the present study was to evaluate quality of life after septoplasty in adults with nasal obstruction. A secondary goal was to assess the effectiveness of septoplasty. Methods This was a single institution prospective observational study. Patients had experienced septal deviation and symptomatic nasal obstruction with no benefit from medical treatment. There were 51 patients who completed the Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation (NOSE-POL) scale as well as theVisual Analogue Scale (VAS) before undergoing septoplasty, 3 months later, and finally 7 months after surgery. Patients evaluated changes in their nasal obstruction and changes in their quality of life using the Clinical Global Impression Scale (CGI-S). Results There was a significant improvement in nasal obstruction after septoplasty. Before septoplasty, the mean score on NOSE was 60.3 ± 20.4; 3 months after surgery, it was 32.9 ± 16.8; and 7 months after surgery it was 39.6 ± 33.2. The VAS results also proved a significant enhancement in nasal obstruction after septoplasty. Patients reported an improvement in nasal obstruction as well as a positive change in quality of life, confirming the effectiveness of septoplasty. Conclusions In patients with deformed septum, septoplasty contributes to high satisfaction of the patient and a compelling improvement in disease-specific quality of life. The NOSE-POL questionnaire is a useful tool for measuring the outcomes of this procedure.

Health and well-being of children with congenital cardiac malformations, and their families, following open-heart surgery

2006 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annette Majnemer ◽  
Catherine Limperopoulos ◽  
Michael Shevell ◽  
Charles Rohlicek ◽  
Bernard Rosenblatt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Surgery ◽  
Open Heart Surgery ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Psychosocial Health ◽  
Stress Index ◽  
Open Heart ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
Health Related

Infants who survive open-heart surgery are at risk for developmental disability, which may impact on the well-being not only of the child, but also the family. The objective of our prospective study, therefore, was to determine the long-term health-related quality of life of children with congenital cardiac malformations following open-heart surgery, and to describe the persisting level of stress in their families. To this end, 49 parents completed the Child Health Questionnaire, the Parenting Stress Index, and the Child Behaviour Checklist as part of a developmental follow-up protocol when their child was 5 years of age. Mean scores on the Child Health Questionnaire were in the normal range, with physical well-being equal to 53.5, psychosocial well-being 50.9, with only 6.4 percent and 8.5 percent of subjects, respectively, falling within the suboptimal range of less than 40. The distribution of scores on the Parenting Stress Index, however, were more variable, with over one-quarter of parents indicating a high level of stress, with almost one-fifth having low levels of stress, and just over half scoring in the normal range, with the group mean being 52.6 plus or minus 32.3. An abnormal neurologic examination before surgery was associated with lower physical health (β equal to −5.5, p equal to 0.02, r2equal to 0.18), whereas lower arterial saturations of oxygen, less than 85 percent preoperatively, was associated with lower psychosocial health (β equal to −6.6, p equal to 0.01, and r2equal to 0.14). The internalizing and externalizing behaviours of the child were significantly correlated with psychosocial well being, with r ranging from −0.32 to −0.52, and p less than 0.05. Parental stress also correlated with psychosocial health (r equal to −0.48 and p equal to 0.0009). Overall, the perception by the parents of the health-related quality of life of their child is favourable 5 years following open-heart surgery during infancy. Many parents, nonetheless, continue to feel either stressed or defensive about their child, particularly if their child exhibits behavioural difficulties. Our findings suggest that strategies need to be considered to enhance family well-being in the planning and delivery of health services to this population at high risk.

Defect Reduction and Defect Engineering in Silicon-on-Sapphire Material Using Ge Implantation

1990 ◽  
Vol 201 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Namavar ◽  
E. Cortesi ◽  
N. M. Kalkhoran ◽  
J. M. Manke ◽  
B. L. Buchanan
Keyword(s):  
Leakage Current ◽  
Defect Density ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Substantial Reduction ◽  
Interface Region ◽  
Radiation Environment ◽  
Solid Phase Epitaxy ◽  
Defect Reduction ◽  
Radiation Induced

AbstractSubstantial reduction of defect density in silicon-on-sapphire (SOS) material is required to broaden its range of applications to include CMOS and bipolar devices. In recent years, solid phase epitaxy and regrowth (SPEAR) and double solid phase epitaxy (DSPE) processes were applied to SOS to reduce the density of defects in the silicon. These methods result in improved carrier mobilities, but also in increased leakage current, even before irradiation. In a radiation environment, this material has a large increase in radiation induced back channel leakage current as compared to standard wafers. In other words, the radiation hardness quality of the SOS declines when the crystalline quality of the Si near the sapphire interface is improved.In this paper, we will demonstrate that Ge implantation, rather than Si implantation normally employed in DSPE and SPEAR processes, is an efficient and more effective way to reduce the density of defects near the surface silicon region without improving the Si/sapphire interface region. Ge implantation may be used to engineer defects in the Si/sapphire interface region to eliminate back channel leakage problems.

scholarly journals Mechanism, Prevention, and Treatment of Radiation-Induced Salivary Gland Injury Related to Oxidative Stress

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1666
Author(s):  
Zijing Liu ◽  
Lihua Dong ◽  
Zhuangzhuang Zheng ◽  
Shiyu Liu ◽  
Shouliang Gong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Serious Adverse Event ◽  
Oral Infections ◽  
Normal Tissues ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
Swallowing Muscles

Radiation therapy is a common treatment for head and neck cancers. However, because of the presence of nerve structures (brain stem, spinal cord, and brachial plexus), salivary glands (SGs), mucous membranes, and swallowing muscles in the head and neck regions, radiotherapy inevitably causes damage to these normal tissues. Among them, SG injury is a serious adverse event, and its clinical manifestations include changes in taste, difficulty chewing and swallowing, oral infections, and dental caries. These clinical symptoms seriously reduce a patient’s quality of life. Therefore, it is important to clarify the mechanism of SG injury caused by radiotherapy. Although the mechanism of radiation-induced SG injury has not yet been determined, recent studies have shown that the mechanisms of calcium signaling, microvascular injury, cellular senescence, and apoptosis are closely related to oxidative stress. In this article, we review the mechanism by which radiotherapy causes oxidative stress and damages the SGs. In addition, we discuss effective methods to prevent and treat radiation-induced SG damage.

MID-TERM EVALUATION OF OUTCOMES IN RHINOPLASTY AND RHINOSEPTOPLASTY

2021 ◽  
pp. 59-62
Author(s):  
Sania Arya ◽  
Gurkiran Kaur ◽  
Kulwinder Singh Sandhu
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
P Value ◽  
Quality Of Life Questionnaires ◽  
Outcomes Evaluation ◽  
Symptom Evaluation ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
Similar Disease ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Term Evaluation

Introduction: Rhinoplasty improves the facial aesthetics. But the perceived ideal outcome for each patient is different for similar disease. Here comes the role of health-related quality of life questionnaires which determine the improvement based on patient's viewpoint. Materials: A total of 30 patients were enrolled and underwent the procedure of rhinoplasty or septo-rhinoplasty. Quality of life questionnaires (QoL) specic to disease were completed such as ROE (Rhinoplasty Outcomes Evaluation) and NOSE (Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation) pre-operatively as well as post-operatively at completion of 6 months follow up. Results: The condition of patients signicantly improved related to disease specic questionnaires. The mean pre-operative score for ROE and NOSE is 30.41±16.31 and 61.33±27.06 respectively. While the score improved post-operatively for ROE and NOSE to 82.51±16.01 and 12.40±10.53 respectively. The p value for both scores <0.001 and is found to be highly signicant. Conclusion: The present study concludes that rhinoplasty greatly improves quality of life of patients in terms of functional, physical, emotional and social sufferings postoperatively.

Premedications for Cancer Therapies: A Primer for the Hematology/Oncology Provider

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amber Clemmons, PharmD, BCOP ◽  
Arpita Gandhi, PharmD, BCOP ◽  
Andrea Clarke, PharmD ◽  
Sarah Jimenez, APN-BC, AGACNP, AOCNP ◽  
Thuy Le, MD ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Best Practices ◽  
Adverse Events ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agents ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
Cancer Therapies ◽  
Quality Of Data ◽  
Advanced Practitioner ◽  
Patients At Risk ◽  
Radiation Induced

Chemotherapeutic agents and radiation therapy are associated with numerous potential adverse events (AEs). Many of these common AEs, namely chemotherapy- or radiation-induced nausea and vomiting, hypersensitivity reactions, and edema, can lead to deleterious outcomes (such as treatment nonadherence or cessation, or poor clinical outcomes) if not prevented appropriately. The occurrence and severity of these AEs can be prevented with the correct prescribing of prophylactic medications, often called “premedications.” The advanced practitioner in hematology/oncology should have a good understanding of which chemotherapeutic agents are known to place patients at risk for these adverse events as well as be able to determine appropriate prophylactic medications to employ in the prevention of these adverse events. While several guidelines and literature exist regarding best practices for prophylaxis strategies, differences among guidelines and quality of data should be explored in order to accurately implement patient-specific recommendations. Herein, we review the existing literature for prophylaxis and summarize best practices.

scholarly journals Assessment of Septoplasty Outcome using Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation Scale

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 142-146
Author(s):  
Kundan Kumar Shrestha ◽  
R.R. Joshi ◽  
A.S. Rijal ◽  
A. Dhungana ◽  
S. Maharjan
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Nasal Obstruction ◽  
Septal Deviation ◽  
Definitive Treatment ◽  
Nose Scale ◽  
Outcome Instrument ◽  
Symptom Evaluation ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Nasal Septoplasty

 Nasal obstruction, the most common presenting symptom in nasal and sinus disease, is defined as patient discomfort manifested as a sensation of insufficient airflow through the nose. Nasal septal deviation is the most common anatomical cause of nasal obstruction. Surgical correction of a deviated septum, nasal septoplasty, is the definitive treatment for septal deviation. Many studies have discussed about outcomes of septoplasty. However, there is limited published literature on nasal septoplasty and its outcome in Nepal. The aim of this study is to evaluate the outcome of septoplasty using Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation (NOSE) scale, a validated outcome instrument assessing quality of life (QoL) related to nasal obstruction. A total of 52 patients aged 18 years and above, with nasal obstruction at least for 3 months, undergoing septoplasty alone were included in the study. Baseline NOSE score was calculated a week before surgery. The patients were followed up after 3 months to record postoperative NOSE score. On statistical analysis, the mean NOSE scores before and 3 months after septoplasty were 45.58±21.38 and 8.46±8.37 respectively. The mean difference was 37.11± 21.22 and p value on paired t test was less than 0.001(highly significant). The mean differences of each component of the NOSE scale questionnaire were also found to be highly significant statistically with p values less than 0.001. Gender and age did not seem to affect the outcomes. In conclusion, NOSE scale is a valid, reliable and responsive instrument that is brief and easy to complete and has potential use for outcome studies in adults with nasal obstruction. This instrument showed that septoplasty, if done in properly selected patients, results in significant improvement in nasal obstruction and disease specific quality of life with high patient satisfaction.

Nasal Obstruction and Quality of Life Assessment After Septoplasty With Turbinoplasty: Correlation Between Subjective Scales

2020 ◽  
pp. 194589242097895
Author(s):  
Gloria Corredor-Rojas ◽  
María A. García-Chabur ◽  
Juliana Castellanos ◽  
Sergio Moreno ◽  
Martin Pinzón ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Nasal Obstruction ◽  
Life Assessment ◽  
Santa Fe ◽  
Quality Of Life Assessment ◽  
Symptom Evaluation ◽  
Glasgow Benefit Inventory ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Impact

Background Assessment of nasal obstruction is imprecise due to a low correlation between findings on the physical examination and objective measures with the severity of symptoms reported by the patient even after septoplasty with turbinoplasty is performed. The aim of this study is to evaluate the use of subjective scales, and the correlation between them for the evaluation of nasal obstruction after surgery. Objective To assess the impact of undergoing septoplasty with turbinoplasty to relieve nasal obstructive symptoms and the quality of life in a mid-term period by using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation (NOSE), and Glasgow Benefit Inventory (GBI). Methods A retrospective study was conducted of patients who underwent a septoplasty with turbinoplasty due to nasal septodeviation and secondary nasal obstructive symptoms at the Hospital Universitario Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá. Three scales were used to measure the outcomes one year after surgery: VAS (0–10), NOSE (0–100), and GBI (−100 to 100). Results Data from 56 patients (21 females, mean age 37.5 years of age, SD 12.13) was collected. The results showed that 75% of the patients had a post-surgical NOSE score below 50 and a VAS score below 6. Regarding the GBI scale, 75% of the patients improved in their quality of life. An inverse proportional correlation was found between the NOSE and GBI scales (rho = −0.3682) (95% CI −0.579 to –0.111), and there was a directly proportional correlation between the NOSE and VAS scales (rho = 0.7440) (95% CI 0.595 to 0.844). Conclusion Subjective measures suggest there was an improvement in nasal obstructive symptoms and quality of life after surgery. Non-anatomical causes such as rhinitis can be confounding factors to consider in subsequent studies. VAS stands out as a possible interchangeable scale with NOSE to measure nasal obstruction in these patients.

P3.99. Dose related radiation-induced mucositis in oral andoropharyngeal cancer and its impact on quality of life

2009 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 233-234
Author(s):  
J. Bardy ◽  
N.J. Slevin ◽  
K. Mais ◽  
D. Ryder ◽  
A. Molassiotis
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Radiation Induced
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