Academic Success of “Tiger Cubs”

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 698-705 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hsiang-Yi Wu ◽  
Franki Y. H. Kung ◽  
Hsueh-Chih Chen ◽  
Young-Hoon Kim
Keyword(s):  
Academic Performance ◽  
Academic Success ◽  
The United States ◽  
Academic Growth ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Latent Growth ◽  
The North ◽  
Curve Model ◽  
And Gender

Studies in the United States have shown that self-control can predict academic performance beyond intelligence quotient (IQ), which also explains why girls (vs. boys) tend to have higher grades. However, empirical evidence is scarce; moreover, little is known about whether these effects generalize to other cultures. To address these limitations, we conducted a 2-year longitudinal study in Asia and examined the effects of self-control, IQ, and gender on students’ academic achievement over time. Specifically, we first measured 195 Taiwanese seventh grades’ self-control and IQ, and then traced their overall grades over four school semesters. Latent growth curve model analyses suggest that IQ predicted students’ initial academic performance more strongly than self-control; however, self-control—but not IQ—predicted students’ academic growth across the four time points and explained girls’ higher grades. Overall, the findings support the argument that self-control has unique long-term benefits academically and provide initial evidence outside of the North American context.

Teen Parents’ Cumulative Inequality in Job Achievement: Mediation Effect of Educational Achievement

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-109
Author(s):  
Junghee Bae
Keyword(s):  
Academic Success ◽  
Teen Pregnancy ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
Growth Models ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mediation Effect ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Latent Growth ◽  
Teen Parents

Abstract Teen pregnancy remains an important societal concern in the United States because teen pregnancy tremendously influences teen parents in terms of opportunities for education and employment. However, little is known about the long-term dynamic relationship between the trajectory of educational attainment and trajectory of  job achievement among teen parents. This study examined the sample of National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997, which comprises representative American youths born between 1980 and 1984 (N = 7,771). Latent growth models revealed that teen parents had not only lower initial educational levels, hourly compensation, and annual wages, but also lower increases in educational level, hourly compensation, and annual wages over 10 years. Also, the latent growth mediation model found that initial educational level and changes in educational level mediated the negative association between teen parents and job achievement. These findings suggest that social work intervention for teen parents should focus on supporting academic success in the long term and providing appropriate employment training programs for better job achievement. Future research may contribute by examining the long-term effect of being a teen parent beyond 10 years and investigating differences between teen mothers and teen fathers.

Mafias on the Move

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federico Varese
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New York ◽  
Organized Crime ◽  
The United States ◽  
The West ◽  
Market Expansion ◽  
The North ◽  
Economic Transformations ◽  
At Will

Organized crime is spreading like a global virus as mobs take advantage of open borders to establish local franchises at will. That at least is the fear, inspired by stories of Russian mobsters in New York, Chinese triads in London, and Italian mafias throughout the West. As this book explains, the truth is more complicated. The author has spent years researching mafia groups in Italy, Russia, the United States, and China, and argues that mafiosi often find themselves abroad against their will, rather than through a strategic plan to colonize new territories. Once there, they do not always succeed in establishing themselves. The book spells out the conditions that lead to their long-term success, namely sudden market expansion that is neither exploited by local rivals nor blocked by authorities. Ultimately the inability of the state to govern economic transformations gives mafias their opportunity. In a series of matched comparisons, the book charts the attempts of the Calabrese 'Ndrangheta to move to the north of Italy, and shows how the Sicilian mafia expanded to early twentieth-century New York, but failed around the same time to find a niche in Argentina. The book explains why the Russian mafia failed to penetrate Rome but succeeded in Hungary. A pioneering chapter on China examines the challenges that triads from Taiwan and Hong Kong find in branching out to the mainland. This book is both a compelling read and a sober assessment of the risks posed by globalization and immigration for the spread of mafias.

Validation of Reanalysis-Based Offshore Wind Resource Characterization Using Lidar Buoy Observations

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 44-61
Author(s):  
Lindsay M. Sheridan ◽  
Raghavendra Krishnamurthy ◽  
Alicia M. Gorton ◽  
Will J. Shaw ◽  
Rob K. Newsom
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
National Laboratory ◽  
Pacific Northwest National Laboratory ◽  
The United States ◽  
Department Of Energy ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Approximation Techniques ◽  
The North ◽  
Wind Resource

AbstractThe offshore wind industry in the United States is gaining strong momentum to achieve sustainable energy goals, and the need for observations to provide resource characterization and model validation is greater than ever. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) operates two lidar buoys for the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) in order to collect hub height wind data and associated meteorological and oceanographic information near the surface in areas of interest for offshore wind development. This work evaluates the performance of commonly used reanalysis products and spatial approximation techniques using lidar buoy observations off the coast of New Jersey and Virginia, USA. Reanalysis products are essential tools for setting performance expectations and quantifying the wind resource variability at a given site. Long-term accurate observations at typical wind turbine hub heights have been lacking at offshore locations. Using wind speed observations from both lidar buoy deployments, biases and degrees of correspondence for the Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications-2 (MERRA-2), the North American Regional Reanalysis (NARR), ERA5, and the analysis system of the Rapid Refresh (RAP) are examined both at hub height and near the surface. Results provide insights on the performance and uncertainty of using reanalysis products for long-term wind resource characterization. A slow bias is seen across the reanalyses at both deployment sites. Bias magnitudes near the surface are on the order of 0.5 m s−1 greater than their hub height counterparts. RAP and ERA5 produce the highest correlations with the observations, around 0.9, followed by MERRA-2 and NARR.

Characterizing healthcare delivery in the United States using Census Bureau’s County Business Patterns (2000–2016)

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 723-728
Author(s):  
Astha KC ◽  
Melissa K. Schaefer ◽  
Nimalie D. Stone ◽  
Joseph Perz
Keyword(s):  
Long Term Care ◽  
Healthcare Delivery ◽  
The United States ◽  
Healthcare Sector ◽  
Nursing Facilities ◽  
Term Care ◽  
The North ◽  
The Us ◽  
Care Facilities

AbstractBackground:The US Census Bureau’s County Business Patterns (CBP) series provides a unique opportunity to describe the healthcare sector using a single, national data source.Methods:We analyzed CBP data on business establishments in the healthcare industry for 2000–2016 for all 50 states and the District of Columbia. Setting and facility types were defined using the North American Industry Classification System.Results:In 2016, CBP enumerated 707,634 US healthcare establishments (a 34% increase from 2000); 86.5% were outpatient facilities and services followed by long-term care facilities (12.5%) and acute-care facilities (1.0%). Between 2000 and 2016, traditional facilities such as general medical surgical and surgical hospitals (−0.4%) and skilled nursing facilities (+0.1%) decreased or remained flat, while other long-term care and outpatient providers grew rapidly.Conclusion:This analysis highlights the steady growth and increased specialization of the US healthcare sector, particularly in long-term care and outpatient settings.

The new politics of voting alignments in the United Nations General Assembly

1996 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 629-652 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soo Yeon Kim ◽  
Bruce Russett
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
The United States ◽  
General Assembly ◽  
Post Cold War ◽  
New Politics ◽  
The North ◽  
United Nations General ◽  
Good Set ◽  
The Cold War

Voting patterns in the United National General Assembly provide an exceptionally good set of evidence for observing issues and alignments of states in international politics. We analyze those patterns in three post-cold war sessions of the General Assembly and compare them with the alignments and issues that characterized sessions during the cold war. We find new groups and alignments (with most of Eastern Europe now voting with rather than against West European positions) and a new prominence of long-term North-South issues as they now relate to questions of redefining “human security” in the post-cold war world. The predominant General Assembly division is between richer and poorer nations. Key correlates of voting with the North are wealth, democracy, and proportionately low levels of trade with the United States.

scholarly journals Long-Term Influences of Stunting, Being Underweight, and Thinness on the Academic Performance of Primary School Girls: The NW-CHILD Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (17) ◽  
pp. 8973
Author(s):  
Xonné Haywood ◽  
Anita Elizabeth Pienaar
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Academic Performance ◽  
Primary School ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
Bonferroni Adjustment ◽  
North West Province ◽  
School Girls ◽  
Over Time

Poor socio-economic status contributes to undernutrition which, in turn, can increase the risk of academic underachievement. This study wants to determine if stunting, being underweight, and thinness show long term relations with academic performance in primary school girls aged 6 to 13 in the North West province of South Africa. A randomized and stratified longitudinal research design including a baseline and two time-point measurements over seven school years was used. The sample included girls aged 6 to 13 years (N = 198) in the North West province of South Africa. Academic performance in the June school assessments and national and provincial assessments in grades 1, 4, and 7 were used to determine academic performance. Independent t-testing was used to determine differences between thinness, underweight and stunted girls as opposed to a reference group with no undernutrition indices. A repeated measures ANOVA and post hoc Bonferroni adjustment analyzed relations over time. Normal weight girls significantly outperformed stunted girls academically (p < 0.05) over time. Stunting had prolonged and significant negative influences on language, mathematics, and grade point average (p < 0.05). Early identification of undernutrition, especially stunting, is important for intervention and the implementation of timely prevention strategies, especially during early childhood years.

scholarly journals Addictive use of digital devices in young children: Associations with delay discounting, self-control and academic performance

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. e0253058
Author(s):  
Tim Schulz van Endert
Keyword(s):  
Academic Performance ◽  
Academic Success ◽  
Delay Discounting ◽  
Intertemporal Choice ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Personality Factors ◽  
Impulsive Behavior ◽  
Digital Devices ◽  
Adolescents And Adults ◽  
The Relationship

The use of smartphones, tablets and laptops/PCs has become ingrained in adults’ and increasingly in children’s lives, which has sparked a debate about the risk of addiction to digital devices. Previous research has linked specific use of digital devices (e.g. online gaming, smartphone screen time) with impulsive behavior in the context of intertemporal choice among adolescents and adults. However, not much is known about children’s addictive behavior towards digital devices and its relationship to personality factors and academic performance. This study investigated the associations between addictive use of digital devices, self-reported usage duration, delay discounting, self-control and academic success in children aged 10 to 13. Addictive use of digital devices was positively related to delay discounting, but self-control confounded the relationship between the two variables. Furthermore, self-control and self-reported usage duration but not the degree of addictive use predicted the most recent grade average. These findings indicate that children’s problematic behavior towards digital devices compares to other maladaptive behaviors (e.g. substance abuse, pathological gambling) in terms of impulsive choice and point towards the key role self-control seems to play in lowering a potential risk of digital addiction.

Niger migration corridor to Europe will persist

2016 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Central Africa ◽  
The United States ◽  
Public Attention ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The North ◽  
Political Challenge ◽  
West And Central Africa ◽  
Migration Corridor ◽  
Northern City

Subject Migration flows through Niger. Significance Over the past three years, informal migration from West and Central Africa across the Mediterranean to Europe has attracted massive public attention in Europe and become a major practical and political challenge for EU governments. Niger, and in particular its northern city of Agadez, has become a key transit hub for migrants. Impacts France and the United States will remain partners in helping Niger counter the threat of Saharan jihadist terrorism. Despite occasional jihadist attacks from Malian territory and instability in Libya, Issoufou will maintain his authority over the north. However, instability may rise in the long term; politics is highly polarised and trust in democracy has declined sharply.

Negotiating the Boundaries of Race, Caste, and Mibun

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Geiger
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Labor Migrants ◽  
Cultural Attitudes ◽  
North American West ◽  
The North ◽  
Job Opportunities ◽  
Meiji Era ◽  
Cultural Taboos ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Japanese Immigration

Cultural attitudes rooted in the Tokugawa-era status system (mibunsei) provided an interpretive framework for the race-based hostility Meiji-era Japanese encountered in the United States and Canada, informing the discursive strategies of Meiji diplomats who sought to refute the claims of anti-Japanese exclusionists by distinguishing Japanese labor migrants from themselves, aiding in the reproduction of Japanese as an excludable category when anti-Japanese elements turned their arguments against all Japanese. Concerns about social hierarchy and the significance of historical status categories (mibun), including cultural taboos associated with outcaste status, also mediated the responses of Meiji immigrants to conditions they encountered on both sides of the Canada-U.S. border, including white racism and job opportunities. Japanese immigrant negotiations of race and identity in the North American West can be fully understood only by also considering mibun, in addition to more the familiar paradigms of race, class, and gender, in analyzing Meiji-era Japanese immigration history.

scholarly journals Hydro-businesses: National and Global Demands on the São Francisco River Basin Environment of Brazil

2010 ◽  
Vol 55 (S18) ◽  
pp. 203-233
Author(s):  
Lucigleide Nery Nascimento ◽  
Mimi Larsen Becker
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
The United States ◽  
Economic Approach ◽  
Hydro Power ◽  
Federal Policies ◽  
Sao Francisco River ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
São Francisco River

SummaryThe São Francisco River provided very obvious, close-by forms of sustenance for local communities. Beginning in the mid-1950s, the river became the place for large hydro-electric facilities, large-scale flooding, and population resettlement. A decade later, the federal government began working on pilot irrigation projects that would lead to areas described today as the Brazilian California. Hydro-power for Brazilian cities such as Recife and Salvador and irrigation for grapes and mangoes destined for the United States and Europe are among the eco-system services this river supplies. The purpose of federal policies for the north-east went beyond mitigation of the consequences of droughts, the hydraulic approach, and started to follow an economic approach based upon development; as a consequence, river and user came to be distant from one another. The two major intensive uses of the river, electricity and irrigation, threaten the long-term sustainability of this system.

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