scholarly journals Subjective Socioeconomic Status Matters Less When Perceived Social Support Is High: A Study of Cortisol Responses to Stress

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 981-989 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily D. Hooker ◽  
Belinda Campos ◽  
Peggy M. Zoccola ◽  
Sally S. Dickerson
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Perceived Social Support ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Linear Change ◽  
Subjective Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Cortisol Responses ◽  
Acute Stressor ◽  
Subjective Ses

Low objective and subjective socioeconomic status (SES) is associated with the experience of frequent stressors known to have physiological costs. We tested whether perceived social support, a key health-protective resource, buffered the association between lower subjective SES and cortisol responses to an acute stressor. Participants ( N = 115; 54.78% female; age M = 19.56) reported subjective SES and perceived support, completed a social-evaluative stressor task, and provided saliva for cortisol assessment. There was a significant interaction of subjective SES with support predicting linear change in cortisol stress responses, γ = .08, z = 2.34, p = .02. When support was low, subjective SES was strongly related to cortisol, and those who reported lower subjective SES exhibited higher cortisol during recovery than those who reported higher subjective SES. When support was high, those who reported higher and lower subjective SES exhibited similar cortisol responses. These results highlight the important protective role that supportive relationships can have when subjective SES is low.

Peer Victimization and Nonsuicidal Self-Injury Among Chinese Left-Behind Children: The Moderating Roles of Subjective Socioeconomic Status and Social Support

2020 ◽  
pp. 088626051989734 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quanquan Wang ◽  
Xia Liu
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Peer Victimization ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Subjective Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Left Behind ◽  
Self Injury ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Subjective Ses ◽  
Nonsuicidal Self Injury

Peer victimization is a serious issue among school-aged children. Chinese left-behind children tend to experience peer victimization and associated nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) behavior. However, the possible improvement of subjective socioeconomic status (SES) based on increased family income may serve to buffer the relationship between peer victimization and NSSI, and this buffering effect may differ by level of social support. Thus, the current study aimed to examine the moderating effect of subjective SES on the relationship between peer victimization and NSSI by the level of social support among Chinese left-behind children. A total of 431 left-behind children and 447 non-left-behind children (comparison group) completed self-report scales measuring peer victimization, NSSI, subjective SES, and social support. Results showed that peer victimization was positively related to NSSI among left-behind children, but not among non-left-behind children. Moreover, for left-behind children with low levels of social support, high subjective SES intensified the association between peer victimization and NSSI; peer victimization was positively associated with NSSI among left-behind children who reported high subjective SES, but not among those with low subjective SES. However, high levels of social support seemed to protect the left-behind children with high subjective SES who experienced peer victimization from NSSI. For non-left-behind children with both parents present, high subjective SES played a protective role in the association between peer victimization and NSSI, regardless of the levels of social support they enjoyed. These findings contribute to an understanding of subjective SES as a moderating mechanism in the association between peer victimization and NSSI among left-behind children. Social support proved central to the protective role of subjective SES. Intervention programs to enhance social support can help to strengthen the protective effect of subjective SES on NSSI among left-behind children who experience peer victimization.

Does Low (vs. High) Subjective Socioeconomic Status Increase Both Prosociality and Aggression?

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 76-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tobias Greitemeyer ◽  
Christina Sagioglou
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Subjective Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Subjective Ses

Abstract. Previous research has shown that people of low subjective socioeconomic status (SES) are more likely to experience compassion and provide help to others than people of high SES. However, low subjective SES also appears to be related to more hostile and aggressive responding. Given that prosociality is typically an antagonist of aggression, we examined whether low subjective SES individuals could be indeed more prosocial and antisocial. Five studies – two correlational, three experimental – found that low subjective SES was related to increased aggression. In contrast, subjective SES was not negatively related to trait and state measures of prosociality.

Does Subjective SES Moderate the Effect of Money Priming on Socioeconomic System Support? A Replication of Schuler and Wänke (2016)

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jarret T. Crawford ◽  
Allison Fournier ◽  
John Ruscio
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Interaction Effects ◽  
System Justification ◽  
System Support ◽  
Just World ◽  
Priming Effects ◽  
Subjective Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Socioeconomic System ◽  
Subjective Ses ◽  
Money Priming

Findings that money priming increases socioeconomic system support have proven difficult to replicate. Schuler and Wänke found that subjective socioeconomic status (SES) moderates money priming effects on system justification and belief in a just world. We conducted three preregistered replications of this research, with sample sizes 3 times those of the original studies. Replication 1 was a conceptual replication that combined elements from the original two studies, and Replications 2 and 3 were close replications of Studies 1 and 2, respectively. None of the four subjective SES × Money Prime interaction effects tested were statistically significant, and only one of the four survived a “small telescopes” analysis. We discuss reasons for our general failure to replicate the original findings and implications for money priming effects.

scholarly journals Subjective Socioeconomic Status and Health in Cross-National Comparison

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Präg ◽  
Melinda C. Mills ◽  
Rafael Wittek
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Psychological Wellbeing ◽  
National Study ◽  
Occupational Prestige ◽  
Subjective Socioeconomic Status ◽  
National Comparison ◽  
Cross National Study ◽  
Subjective Ses ◽  
Cross National

Research has established a robust association between subjective socioeconomic status (SES) and health outcomes, which holds over and above the associations between objective markers of SES and health. Furthermore, comparative research on health inequalities has shown considerable variation in the relationship between different objective markers of SES and health across countries. Drawing on data from 29 countries, we present the first cross-national study on the subjective SES–health relationship. For two health outcomes, namely self-rated health (SRH) and psychological wellbeing, we are able to confirm that subjective SES is related to health in all countries under study, even when income, education, and occupational prestige are accounted for. Furthermore, we document considerable variation in the strength of the subjective SES–health association across countries. This variation however is largely independent of country differences in income inequality and country affluence. The health benefits of a high subjective SES appear to be slightly larger in more affluent countries, but only for SRH, not for psychological wellbeing.

scholarly journals Can Pets Replace Children? The Interaction Effect of Pet Attachment and Subjective Socioeconomic Status on Fertility Intention

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (16) ◽  
pp. 8610
Author(s):  
Zhen Guo ◽  
Xiaoxing Ren ◽  
Jinzhe Zhao ◽  
Liying Jiao ◽  
Yan Xu
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Interaction Effect ◽  
Economic Resources ◽  
Fertility Intention ◽  
Pet Attachment ◽  
Subjective Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Opt Out ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Subjective Ses

A growing number of young people tend to regard their pets as their surrogate children, yet research examining the relationship between pet attachment and fertility intention remains scarce. Moreover, individuals’ fertility intention is affected by economic resources. Therefore, we conducted two studies to examine the interaction effect of pet attachment and subjective socioeconomic status (SES) on childbearing-aged individuals’ fertility intention. In Study 1, we utilized questionnaires to measure Chinese pet owners’ pet attachment, subjective SES, and fertility intention. In Study 2, participants’ pet attachment was experimentally manipulated by reading articles about the benefits of petkeeping. The results of the two studies consistently demonstrated that the effect of pet attachment on fertility intention was moderated by subjective SES. Specifically, pet attachment was negatively associated with fertility intention when individuals had a high level of subjective SES, whereas this effect disappeared when individuals had low subjective SES. These findings suggest an explanation for why individuals with high subjective SES delay or even opt out of childbearing. The limitations and implications of the current study are discussed.

scholarly journals The Mediating Role of Perceived Social Support Between Resilience and Anxiety 1 Year After the COVID-19 Pandemic: Disparity Between High-Risk and Low-Risk Nurses in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tianya Hou ◽  
Qianlan Yin ◽  
Yan Xu ◽  
Jia Gao ◽  
Lian Bin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Perceived Social Support ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Moderated Mediation Model ◽  
Substantial Progress ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

Introduction: One year after the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak, China has made substantial progress in the prevention and control of the pandemic, while the epidemic situation remains grim in China since virus may easily survive with the falling temperature in winter. The present study aimed to compare the prevalence and associated factors of anxiety between high-risk and low-risk nurses 1 year after the COVID-19 outbreak, and examine the association between resilience and anxiety and its underlying mechanisms.Method: Connor-Davidson Resilience scale, Perceived Social Support Scale and Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale were administrated to 701 nurses from Jiangsu Province, China, 1 year after the COVID-19 outbreak. The mediating effect was examined by Mackinnon's four-step procedure, while the moderated mediation model was tested by Hayes PROCESS macro.Results: The findings presented the prevalence of anxiety among nurses was 21.4% 1 year after the COVID-19 pandemic. High-risk nurses presented a higher prevalence of anxiety (24.5 vs. 19.3%) than low-risk nurses. Age and professional title were significantly associated with anxiety only in high-risk nurses (all P < 0.05). Perceived social support mediated the association between resilience and anxiety and the indirect effect was stronger for high-risk nurses than low-risk nurses.Conclusion: Anxiety remains prevalent among nurses 1 year after the COVID-19 outbreak, and resilience plays a protective role against anxiety. Programs that enhance resilience and social support should be designed and special attention should be paid to nurses from high-risk units.

The Protective Role of Perceived Social Support Against the Manifestation of Depressive Symptoms in Peer Victims

2011 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 393-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diane Tanigawa ◽  
Michael J. Furlong ◽  
Erika D. Felix ◽  
Jill D. Sharkey
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Perceived Social Support ◽  
Protective Role

Testing the Status-Legitimacy Hypothesis in China: Objective and Subjective Socioeconomic Status Divergently Predict System Justification

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (7) ◽  
pp. 1044-1058 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenqi Li ◽  
Ying Yang ◽  
Junhui Wu ◽  
Yu Kou
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
System Justification ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Total N ◽  
Subjective Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Lower Socioeconomic ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Status ◽  
Subjective Ses

The status-legitimacy hypothesis proposes that people with lower socioeconomic status (SES) are more likely to justify the social system than those with higher SES. However, empirical studies found inconsistent findings. In the present research, we argue that at least part of the confusion stems from the possibility that objective and subjective SES are differently related to system justification. On one hand, subjective SES is more related to status maintenance motivation and may increase system justification. On the other hand, objective SES is more related to access to information about the social reality, which may increase criticism about the system and lead to lower system justification. These hypotheses were supported by evidence from five studies (total N = 26,134) involving both adult and adolescent samples in China. We recommend that future research on status-related issues needs to distinguish the potential divergent roles of objective and subjective SES.

Perceived social support is greater among food secure Iranian households during the COVID-19 outbreak

2022 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Neda Ezzeddin ◽  
Naser Kalantari ◽  
Zahra Veysi
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Perceived Social Support ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Household Food Security ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Household Food ◽  
Food Security Status

Purpose Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has affected many different aspects of people’s lives around the world, including household food security. This study aims to investigate the food security status and its determinants, with emphasis on perceived social support among the Iranian population during the epidemic.. Design/methodology/approach This cross-sectional study was conducted among 2,871 Iranian adults by social media in all provinces of the country. Demographic and socioeconomic information, household food security status and perceived social support status were assessed by the validated questionnaires. Data was analyzed by statistical package for the social sciences version 22.0, with one-way ANOVA, Chi-square and multinomial logistic regression tests. Findings The prevalence of food security among the studied population was 55.2%. The results indicated that perceived social support plays a protective role on food security [odds ratio (OR) = 1.07, confidence interval (CI) = 1.06, 1.09, P-value < 0.001]. Reduced income during the epidemic [OR = 0.29, CI = 0.17, 0.47, P-value < 0.001] and presence of an old person (>65 years old) in the household [OR = 1.72, CI = 1.14, 2.60, P-value < 0.05], were significantly higher among moderate to severe food insecure group than food-secure group. More monthly income [OR = 0.28, CI = 0.13, 0.57, P-value < 0.001] and homeownership [OR = 1.83, CI = 1.22, 2.75, P-value < 0.05] were also predictors of food security status. Originality/value The development of supportive strategies which act immediately can protect vulnerable people against the consequences of the epidemic, including food insecurity. Long-term planning should also be considered to improve society’s resistance against such disasters.

Moral Injury and Suicide Ideation Among Israeli Combat Veterans: The Contribution of Self-Forgiveness and Perceived Social Support

2020 ◽  
pp. 088626052092086
Author(s):  
Yossi Levi-Belz ◽  
Neta Dichter ◽  
Gadi Zerach
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Combat Veterans ◽  
Suicide Ideation ◽  
Perceived Social Support ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Moral Injury ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Self Forgiveness ◽  
Cross Sectional Design

Modern warfare within a civilian setting may expose combatants to severe moral challenges. Whereas most of these challenges are handled effectively, some potentially morally injurious events (PMIEs) may have deleterious psychological, spiritual, and interpersonal effects among them, which may increase the risk for suicide ideation and behaviors (SIB). In this study, we aimed to examine the protective role of self-forgiveness and perceived social support on the relationship between exposure to PMIEs and SIB among combat veterans. A sample of 191 Israeli combat veterans completed validated self-report questionnaires in a cross-sectional design study, tapping moral injury, SIB, perceived social support, and self-forgiveness. Veterans with a history of SIB revealed higher levels of exposure to PMIEs and lower levels of self-forgiveness and perceived social support than veterans with no SIB history. Moreover, beyond the contributions of the PMIE dimensions, significant contributions of self-forgiveness and perceived social support to current suicide ideation (SI) were found. Importantly, the moderating model indicated that higher social support moderated the link between PMIEs and current SI. Based on the current findings, it can be suggested that self-forgiveness and perceived social support are important contributors to lower SI levels among veterans with PMIEs. It can be further suggested that interpersonal support may help veterans develop a sense of belongingness and bonding, which is a plausible basis for diminishing the risk of SI following PMIE exposure.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document