scholarly journals Does Concealing a Sexual Minority Identity Prevent Exposure to Prejudice?

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1056-1064 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin X. Goh ◽  
Daniel N. Kort ◽  
Avery M. Thurston ◽  
Lina R. Benson ◽  
Cheryl R. Kaiser
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Minority ◽  
Sexual Minorities ◽  
Null Model ◽  
The Self ◽  
Protective Properties ◽  
Intergroup Interactions ◽  
Bayesian Inferences ◽  
Sexual Orientations ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Benefits And Costs

Concealing a stigmatized identity is considered self-protective in that it presumably decreases exposure to bias during intergroup interactions relative to disclosing the identity. We conducted two studies exploring sexual minorities’ expectations about the self-protective properties of concealment and the reality concerning whether concealment prevents exposure to bias. In Study 1, half of sexual minorities who imagined interacting with a straight peer chose to conceal their identity, and this was predicted by the belief that concealment carries protective benefits. Study 2 randomly assigned sexual minorities to reveal or conceal their sexual orientations in actual interactions with straight peers. Neither sexual minority partners nor independent sexual minority coders perceived less bias among straight partners who interacted with sexual minorities concealing versus disclosing their identities. This was confirmed with Bayesian inferences demonstrating more evidence for the null model than the alternative. We discuss the potential benefits and costs of disclosure.

scholarly journals Does concealing a sexual minority identity prevent exposure to prejudice?

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin X. Goh
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Minority ◽  
Sexual Minorities ◽  
Null Model ◽  
The Self ◽  
Protective Properties ◽  
Intergroup Interactions ◽  
Bayesian Inferences ◽  
Sexual Orientations ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Benefits And Costs

Concealing a stigmatized identity is considered self-protective in that it presumably decreases exposure to bias during intergroup interactions relative to disclosing the identity. We conducted two studies exploring sexual minorities’ expectations about the self-protective properties of concealment and the reality concerning whether concealment prevents exposure to bias. In Study 1, half of sexual minorities who imagined interacting with a straight peer chose to conceal their identity, and this was predicted by the belief that concealment carries protective benefits. Study 2 randomly assigned sexual minorities to reveal or conceal their sexual orientations in actual interactions with straight peers. Neither sexual minority partners nor independent sexual minority coders perceived less bias among straight partners who interacted with sexual minorities concealing vs. disclosing their identities. This was confirmed with Bayesian inferences demonstrating more evidence for the null model than the alternative. We discuss the potential benefits and costs of disclosure.

Working with Sexual-Minority Individuals

2010 ◽  
pp. 837-868 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa M. Diamond ◽  
Molly R. Butterworth ◽  
Ritch C. Savin-Williams
Keyword(s):  
Identity Development ◽  
Sexual Minority ◽  
Minority Stress ◽  
Sexual Minorities ◽  
Minority Population ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Psychological Issues ◽  
The Family ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Oriented Research

The present chapter provides a review of some of the primary psychological issues confronting sexual minorities (i.e., individuals with same-sex attractions and relationships). Our goal is to provide a flexible set of preliminary questions that can be used to help sexual-minority clients to articulate their own idiosyncratic experiences and give voice to their own unique needs. We begin by addressing two of the most common and important clinical issues faced by sexual minorities: generalized “minority stress” and acceptance and validation from the family of origin. We then turn attention to the vast—and vastly underinvestigated—population of individuals with bisexual attractions and behavior, who actually constitute the majority of the sexual-minority population, despite having been systematically excluded from most prior research. We review the increasing body of research suggesting that individuals with bisexual patterns of attraction and behavior actually face greater mental health risks than those with exclusive same-sex attractions and behavior, and we explore potential processes and mechanisms underlying this phenomenon, focusing particular attention on issues of identity development and transition over the life span. We conclude by outlining a number of areas for future clinically oriented research.

Hookup initiation and emotional outcomes differ across LGB young men and women

Sexualities ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 932-950 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan J Watson ◽  
Yousef M Shahin ◽  
Miriam R Arbeit
Keyword(s):  
Youth Development ◽  
Sexual Minority ◽  
Minority Stress ◽  
Sexual Minorities ◽  
Coping Mechanisms ◽  
Casual Sex ◽  
Hooking Up ◽  
Gay Males ◽  
Emotional Outcomes ◽  
Media Applications

Research on hookups has grown to keep pace with new opportunities for initiations to engage in casual sex. However, most of the scholarship has been heteronormative, which is problematic because sexual minority (e.g., gay, lesbian, bisexual, queer) individuals report unique experiences in relation to their sexual experiences and health. Through minority stress, positive youth development, and grounded theory of resiliency frameworks, we studied the initiation patterns and outcomes related to hooking up among sexual minorities. Interviews were conducted with 17 participants aged 18 to 25 ( Mage = 22) in British Columbia, Canada. We found that gay males most often used social media applications to initiate hookups; bisexual young women and lesbians were most likely to use social gatherings. Despite most scholarship focusing on risks associated with hooking up, we found that outcomes of LGB young adults were more positive than negative. By way of the minority stress and resiliency frameworks, we position hookups as potential coping mechanisms in response to sexual minority stress experiences. Stakeholders should be aware of the challenges associated with hooking up for sexual minorities.

EU merger review of the acquisition of non-controlling minority shareholdings: where to now?

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-92
Author(s):  
Frank Montag ◽  
Mary Wilks
Keyword(s):  
White Paper ◽  
Merger Control ◽  
Eu Merger Control ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
One Year ◽  
Minority Shareholdings ◽  
Minority Interests ◽  
Policy Proposals ◽  
Benefits And Costs ◽  
The Eu

AbstractOn 9 July 2014, the European Commission (the Commission) published its White Paper “Towards more effective EU merger control”, which reviewed the operation of the EU Merger Regulation (EUMR) ten years after the introduction of the substantive test of “significant impediment to substantial competition” (SIEC) and proposed certain specific improvements, including the review of non-controlling minority interests under the EUMR. The 2014 White Paper followed approximately one year of consultation with Member States and interested parties, and was accompanied by a Staff Working Document, which analyses in more detail the considerations underlying the policy proposals in the 2014 White Paper, and an Impact Assessment, which analyses the potential benefits and costs of the various policy options considered.Less than six months after the consultation on the 2014 White Paper closed, Competition Commissioner Margrethe Vestager indicated that the Commission is reconsidering its proposals to allow it to review the acquisition of non-controlling minority shareholdings under the EUMR. This decision has been welcomed by many in the business and legal community as the “targeted transparency system” proposed by the Commission had raised a number of concerns regarding proportionality, legal certainty, cost and administrative burden.Whilst we await the Commission’s next move, this article considers whether non-controlling minority shareholdings should be subject to EU merger control and the extent to which the Commission’s originally envisaged system adequately dealt with the issues it sought to address. This article also proposes a number of principles that the authors suggest should be taken into account when designing a balanced system of merger review for acquisitions of non-controlling minority shareholdings in which the burden of the additional review is proportionate to the goals pursued.

scholarly journals Proving it: experiences of sexual minorities in the Canadian refugee determination system

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Casey Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Orientation ◽  
Gender Identity ◽  
Sexual Minority ◽  
Sexual Minorities ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Gender Identities ◽  
Theoretical Concepts ◽  
Canadian Immigration ◽  
Determination System ◽  
And Gender

This paper explores refugee claimant’s experiences negotiating the Canadian Immigration and Refugee Board (IRB). Focusing on claims based on sexual orientation and gender identity, this paper investigates how claimants are made to ‘prove’ their sexual orientation and gender identity. The IRB and its decision makers require that claimants prove their identity as a refugee as well as a member of a sexual minority. Through an analysis of the existing literature and by integrating queer and feminist theoretical concepts on gender, sex, performativity and representation, it is apparent that the Canadian IRB functions as a heteronormative system in which the understanding of sexual orientation and gender identities are essentialized.

scholarly journals COVID-19 Stress and Sexual Identities

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendy Manning ◽  
Claire Kamp Dush
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Minority ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Sexual Minorities ◽  
Community Support ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Economic Resources ◽  
Sexual Identities ◽  
Monolithic Group ◽  
Married Individuals ◽  
Societal Level

The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted lives and resulted in high levels of stress. While the evidence at the societal level is clear, there have been no population-based studies of pandemic-based stress focusing on individuals who identify as sexual minorities. Drawing on representative data collected during the pandemic, National Couples’ Health and Time Use Study, we find that partnered (cohabiting or married) individuals who identified as sexual minorities experienced higher levels of stress than individuals who identified as heterosexual. However, variation exists observed among sexual minority adults. Although economic resources, discrimination, social and community support and health conditions are tied to reported stress levels they do not explain differentials according to sexual identity. These results provide evidence that sexual minority adults faced greater stress during the pandemic and the importance of recognizing that sexual minorities are not a monolithic group with varying stress responses to the pandemic.

scholarly journals Proving it: experiences of sexual minorities in the Canadian refugee determination system

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Casey Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Orientation ◽  
Gender Identity ◽  
Sexual Minority ◽  
Sexual Minorities ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Gender Identities ◽  
Theoretical Concepts ◽  
Canadian Immigration ◽  
Determination System ◽  
And Gender

This paper explores refugee claimant’s experiences negotiating the Canadian Immigration and Refugee Board (IRB). Focusing on claims based on sexual orientation and gender identity, this paper investigates how claimants are made to ‘prove’ their sexual orientation and gender identity. The IRB and its decision makers require that claimants prove their identity as a refugee as well as a member of a sexual minority. Through an analysis of the existing literature and by integrating queer and feminist theoretical concepts on gender, sex, performativity and representation, it is apparent that the Canadian IRB functions as a heteronormative system in which the understanding of sexual orientation and gender identities are essentialized.

scholarly journals Perceptions of Emergency Care by Sexual and Gender Minorities in Colorado: Barriers, Quality, and Factors Affecting Identity Disclosure

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 903-910
Author(s):  
William LaPlant ◽  
Leonardo Kattari ◽  
Lexie Ross ◽  
Jennifer Zhan ◽  
Jeffrey Druck
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Minority ◽  
Emergency Care ◽  
Sexual Minorities ◽  
Care Quality ◽  
Sexual And Gender Minorities ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Gender Minority ◽  
Gender Minorities ◽  
Identity Disclosure ◽  
And Gender

Introduction: Expanding on data concerning emergency department (ED) use and avoidance by the sexual minority (those who identify as lesbian, gay, bisexual, queer, other [LGTBQ+]) and gender minority (those who identify as transgender, gender nonconforming, other) community may inform future ED LGTBQ+ training and clinical practice. Investigation objectives included characterizing rates of emergency care avoidance, identifying barriers to emergency care, and assessing emergency care quality and cultural competency for sexual and gender minorities. Methods: In this population-based, cross-sectional needs assessment, sexual minority, gender minority, and/or cisgender heterosexual-identified participants were selected based on participants’ subscription to newsletters or social media accounts for One Colorado, an LGBTQ+ advocacy organization. Each participant completed a single digital survey that collected qualitative and quantitative data about ED perception, use, and demographics. Results: A total of 477 LGBTQ+ or heterosexual-identified individuals (mean age = 44.3 (standard deviation [SD] = 16.7)) participated in the study. Lifetime emergency care avoidance rates for gender minorities were markedly increased (odds ratio [OR] 3.8, 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.2 – 6.6; P <.001), while avoidance rates for sexual minorities were similar to those of cisgender heterosexual respondents (17% vs 14%; P <.001). Gender minorities were more likely than sexual minorities to both avoid emergency care due to fear of discrimination (43% vs 15%; P =.002) and to have experienced discrimination during their last ED visit (OR 11, [95% CI, 5–24]; P <.001). No significant differences were observed between participants in care avoidance due to financial reasons or prior negative experiences. No cited ED factors that influenced identity disclosure decisions were distinctly predictive. Conclusion: Gender minorities are more likely than sexual minorities and heterosexual cisgender individuals to report ED avoidance and discrimination at last ED visit. Future work characterizing deficits in LGBTQ+ ED care might reduce these avoidance and discrimination rates, enhancing the level of patient care provided to this population.

Disparities in Subjective Cognitive Impairment by Sexual Orientation and Gender in a National Population Based Study of U.S. Adults, 2013–2018

2021 ◽  
pp. 089826432110464
Author(s):  
Karen I. Fredriksen-Goldsen ◽  
Hailey Jung ◽  
Hyun-Jun Kim ◽  
Ryan Petros ◽  
Charles Emlet
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Sexual Orientation ◽  
Sexual Minority ◽  
Sexual Minorities ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Subjective Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Targeted Interventions ◽  
National Population ◽  
And Gender

Objectives: This is the first national population-based study to examine cognitive impairment disparities among sexual minority mid-life and older adults. Methods: Using the National Health Interview Survey (2013–2018), we compared weighted prevalence of subjective cognitive impairment by sexual orientation and gender, among those aged 45 plus, applying logistic regressions adjusting for age, income, education, race/ethnicity, and survey years. Results: Sexual minorities (24.5%) were more likely to have subjective cognitive impairment than heterosexuals (19.1%). Sexual minority women had higher odds of greater severity, frequency, and extent of subjective cognitive impairment. Sexual minorities were also more likely to report activity limitations resulting from cognitive impairment and were no more likely to attribute limitations to dementia or senility. Discussion: Cognitive health disparities are of particular concern in this historically and socially marginalized population. The investigation of explanatory factors is needed, and targeted interventions and policies are warranted to address cognitive challenges faced by sexual minorities.

Interconnected Rights

2020 ◽  
pp. 127-146
Author(s):  
Chaitanya Lakkimsetti
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Minority ◽  
Social Transformation ◽  
Sexual Minorities ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Constitutional Rights ◽  
Minority Politics ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Constitutional Morality ◽  
Alliance Building

This final chapter focuses on the relationship between rights-based struggles and social transformation goals of sexual minorities. In September 2018, the Supreme Court of India reversed the Koushal judgment and declared Section 377 unconstitutional. This was a huge success for sexual minorities who rallied against the law for almost two decades and saw it as a symbol of state-sponsored homophobia. The two decades of sexual minority politics in India have not only foregrounded sexual orientation and gender identity as important constitutional rights but also strengthened the idea of constitutional morality. Constitutional morality, defined as respecting diversity and difference and protecting the most marginalized sections of the society, has helped sexual minorities to fight a growing populist morality that quintessentially defines India as Hindu and heteronormative. These successes also indicate that biopolitical mandates can be strategically used to fight popular morality and norms. In addition, by articulating sexual rights as interconnected with other social justice goals, sexual minorities in India also showcase the importance of intersectional struggles. The conclusion also touches upon challenges and opportunities for alliance building across sexual minority groups.

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