scholarly journals Sweet Revenge Feels Less Bitter: Spontaneous Affective Reactions After Revenge Taking

2021 ◽  
pp. 194855062110199
Author(s):  
Andreas B. Eder ◽  
Anand Krishna ◽  
Vanessa Mitschke
Keyword(s):  
Affective Responses ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Affective Reactions ◽  
Indirect Measure ◽  
Control Person ◽  
Affect Misattribution Procedure ◽  
Affective Consequences ◽  
Retaliatory Action ◽  
Laboratory Task

Previous studies suggested that people feel better after revenge taking, while other studies showed that they feel worse. The interpretation of this research is however ambiguous due to its extensive reliance on self-report measures. The present research examined spontaneous affective responses after retaliatory punishments in a laboratory task using an indirect measure of affect (affect misattribution procedure). Experiment 1 showed positive reactions after noise punishments of a provocateur compared to a control person, but only in revenge-seeking participants. Experiment 2 replicated this finding and revealed that punishing either individual led to less positive responses than not punishing anyone. It is suggested that revenge taking is associated with brief pleasurable responses that can ameliorate negative affective consequences of retaliatory action. Revenge is sweet because it makes one feel better about one’s punitive action.

Take my advice: Intrinsic emotion regulation is more effective under external guidance.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicola Ngombe ◽  
Klaus Kessler ◽  
Daniel J Shaw
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Emotion Dysregulation ◽  
Electrodermal Activity ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Emotional Reactions ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Affective Reactions ◽  
Subjective Ratings ◽  
Potential Therapeutic Application ◽  
Within Subjects

Traditionally, research into emotion regulation (ER) has focused primarily on the intra-personal processes through which we regulate our own emotions intrinsically. More recently, however, studies have begun to explore the inter-personal nature of intrinsic ER – that is, how we regulate our emotions under the guidance of others. Preliminary evidence suggests that the ER is more effective when implemented inter- rather than intra-personally, but these findings are based exclusively on subjective ratings that capture only the experience of emotions. The current study therefore investigated whether this apparent superiority of inter-personal intrinsic ER could be replicated and extended to physiological measures of affective reactions – namely, metrics of electrodermal activity. In addition, we administered several self-report instruments to measure behavioural phenotypes associated with individual differences in intrinsic ER to identify groups that might benefit maximally from inter-personal guidance. In a within-subjects design, a large sample (N=146) were required to down-regulate their emotional reactions to negatively valenced images using an ER strategy they had chosen themselves intra-personally or one that had been recommended to them inter-personally. Subjective ratings and physiological responses converged to demonstrate the greater effectiveness of inter- over intra-personal ER in decreasing negative affective reactions, illustrating its potential therapeutic application for conditions characterised by emotion dysregulation. Interestingly, though, data from the self-report instruments did not reveal patterns of behaviour associated with its efficacy, and so it remains to be seen if and how the benefits of inter-personal ER extend to clinical populations.

scholarly journals A Comparison of the Sensitivity of Four Indirect Evaluation Measures to Evaluative Information

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoav Bar-Anan ◽  
Brian A. Nosek
Keyword(s):  
Implicit Association Test ◽  
Dependent Measure ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Total N ◽  
Evaluation Measures ◽  
Priming Task ◽  
Affect Misattribution Procedure ◽  
Indirect Evaluation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Research Efficiency

Indirect evaluation measures are used as a dependent measure to assess the impact of experimental interventions on shifting pre-existing attitudes or creating new attitudes. In four experiments (total N = 13,894), we compared the sensitivity of four indirect evaluation measures to evaluative information about two novel targets. Evaluative sensitivity was strongest for the Implicit Association Test (IAT). Other measures were more similar in their sensitivity, but the pattern, from stronger to the weakest was the Affect Misattribution Procedure (AMP), the Sorting Paired Features (SPF), and then Evaluative Priming task (EPT). To the extent that these findings are generalizable to related research applications, these results suggest that the measures differ in their research efficiency (power). For example, to achieve 80% power to detect the evaluative learning effect in the present studies, direct self-report would require 10 participants, the IAT 28 participants, the AMP 57, the SPF 79, and the EPT 131.

The Impact of Affective Reactions on Attitudes toward the Advertisement and the Brand: A Step toward Ecological Validity

1995 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 470-479 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian M. Derbaix
Keyword(s):  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Ecological Validity ◽  
Brand Attitude ◽  
Affective Responses ◽  
Natural Setting ◽  
Affective Reactions ◽  
Major Interest ◽  
Television Advertisements ◽  
Natural Settings ◽  
The Impact

The author investigates the impact of affective reactions elicited by television advertisements on two variables of major interest in advertising: attitude toward the advertisement (Aad) and postexposure brand attitude (Abp). Previous research has suffered from using non-natural settings, verbal measures of affect, and unknown brands. The author's study avoids forced exposure, uses a real program in which real commercials for unknown and known brands were embedded, and interviews subjects after they have viewed all the commercials. Thus, it offers a more natural setting in which to examine whether previously established relations between affective reactions and Aad and attitude toward the brand (Ab) still hold. The author measures affective reactions through facial expressions, as well as classical verbal measures, and finds that the contribution of affective responses to Aad and Abp is evident for verbal, but not facial, measures of affect. The impact of affective responses varies in a theoretically predictable way across familiar and unfamiliar brands, with the latter being more influenced by verbal affective reactions generated by the advertisement. The author presents several explanations for the results and offers issues for further research.

Assessing Positive Orientation With the Implicit Association Test

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giulio Costantini ◽  
Marco Perugini ◽  
Francesco Dentale ◽  
Claudio Barbaranelli ◽  
Guido Alessandri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Implicit Association Test ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Association Test ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Implicit Association ◽  
Positive Orientation ◽  
Indirect Measure ◽  
Lexical Study ◽  
Positive Outlook

Abstract. Positive orientation (PO) is a basic predisposition that consists in a positive outlook toward oneself, one’s life, and one’s future, which is associated to many desirable outcomes connected to health and to the general quality of life. We performed a lexical study for identifying a set of markers of PO, developed an Implicit Association Test (the PO-IAT), and investigated its psychometric properties. The PO-IAT proved to be a reliable measure with a clear pattern of convergent validity, both with respect to self-report scales connected to PO and with respect to an indirect measure of self-esteem. A secondary aim of our studies was to validate a new brief adjective scale to assess PO, the POAS. Our results show that both the PO-IAT and the self-reported PO predict the frequency of depressive symptoms and of self-perceived intelligence.

scholarly journals Disposed to Distraction: Genetic Variation in the Cholinergic System Influences Distractibility But Not Time-on-Task Effects

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (9) ◽  
pp. 1981-1991 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne S. Berry ◽  
Elise Demeter ◽  
Surya Sabhapathy ◽  
Brett A. English ◽  
Randy D. Blakely ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Task Performance ◽  
Cognitive Neuroscience ◽  
Cholinergic System ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Time On Task ◽  
Transporter Gene ◽  
Task Effects ◽  
Laboratory Task

Both the passage of time and external distraction make it difficult to keep attention on the task at hand. We tested the hypothesis that time-on-task and external distraction pose independent challenges to attention and that the brain's cholinergic system selectively modulates our ability to resist distraction. Participants with a polymorphism limiting cholinergic capacity (Ile89Val variant [rs1013940] of the choline transporter gene SLC5A7) and matched controls completed self-report measures of attention and a laboratory task that measured decrements in sustained attention with and without distraction. We found evidence that distraction and time-on-task effects are independent and that the cholinergic system is strongly linked to greater vulnerability to distraction. Ile89Val participants reported more distraction during everyday life than controls, and their task performance was more severely impacted by the presence of an ecologically valid video distractor (similar to a television playing in the background). These results are the first to demonstrate a specific impairment in cognitive control associated with the Ile89Val polymorphism and add to behavioral and cognitive neuroscience studies indicating the cholinergic system's critical role in overcoming distraction.

The Effects of Situation, Sequence, and Features on Perceptual and Affective Responses to Product Designs: The Case of Aesthetic Consumption

1992 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morris B. Holbrook ◽  
Punam Anand
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Behavior ◽  
General Model ◽  
Affective Responses ◽  
Aesthetic Responses ◽  
Affective Consequences ◽  
Musical Tempo ◽  
Different Levels

This article proposes a general model in which various situational and sequential aspects of consumer behavior combine with features of a product to determine perceptions and their affective consequences. It illustrates this model by means of an example from applied empirical aesthetics and investigates the effects of tempo on perceptual and affective aesthetic responses to music. In particular, a new analysis of some data drawn from consumer aesthetics demonstrates the intervening role of perceived activity in mediating the effects of musical tempo on affect across a sequence of listening experiences at different levels of situational arousal.

Sites That Haunt

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 687-702 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roma Sendyka
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Human Remains ◽  
Affective Responses ◽  
Affective Reactions ◽  
Ghost Stories ◽  
Mass Violence ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Uncanny ◽  
Artistic Representations ◽  
Dead Bodies

In this article, the author seeks to establish whether specific sites from Eastern Europe can be viewed as loci critiquing Pierre Nora’s seminal notion of lieux de mémoire. The sites in question are abandoned, clandestine locations of past violence and genocide, witnesses to wanton killings, today left with no memorial markers or inadequate ones. Without monuments, plaques, or fences, they might be understood as “completely forgotten,” as Claude Lanzmann once claimed. In opposition to that view, in the article the locations in question are interpreted as still potent agents in local processes of working with a traumatic past. Sites of mass violence and genocide are described as unheimlich and trigger strong affective reactions of fear, disgust, and shame whose actual causes remain unclear. This article analyzes possible catalysts of these powerful affective responses. The first hypothesis is grounded in the abundance of ghost stories in literary or artistic representations of the sites in question. The second hypothesis addresses the issue of the presence of dead bodies: human remains have never been properly neutralized by rituals. And finally, the third hypothesis explores the “effect of the affects” of non-sites of memory as the capacity of bodies to be moved by other bodies, the bodies affected in this case being those of the visitors to the uncanny sites.

Unobtrusive Assessment of Interpersonal Affect through Expressive Line Drawings

1977 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 423-428
Author(s):  
Gary S. Gilbert ◽  
Karen D. Kirkland ◽  
And Leon Rappoport
Keyword(s):  
School Setting ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Affective Responses ◽  
Indirect Measure ◽  
Line Drawings ◽  
Indirect Measures ◽  
Social Affect ◽  
Male Subjects

Lott and Lott (1970) provide a rationale as well as empirical support for the contention that nonverbal, indirect measures of social affect are highly economical and unobtrusive means of obtaining important information about children's interpersonal attitudes. The present investigation examined the sensitivity of expressive line drawings as an indirect measure of social affect in a school setting. 20 boys and girls ranging in age from 11 to 13 yr. were asked to select classmates representing four points on a scale of liking and were instructed to produce expressive line drawings of any shape or form in response to each of the identified peers. Two raters assessed 80 drawings on the following content categories: curvedness-angularity, simplicity-complexity, repetitive-nonrepetitive, warmth-coldness, and friendliness-aggressiveness. The structural features of the drawings differed as a function of liking, with male subjects evidencing a tendency toward finer discriminations than females across levels of liking. Expressive line drawings for disliked classmates were rated more angular, complex, nonrepetitive, cold and aggressive. The results of the present study suggest that various indirect measures may well reveal a more complex and refined set of social affective responses than have been previously noted.

scholarly journals A Comparison of the Sensitivity of Four Indirect Evaluation Measures to Evaluative Information

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoav Bar-Anan ◽  
Brian A. Nosek
Keyword(s):  
Implicit Association Test ◽  
Dependent Measure ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Total N ◽  
Evaluation Measures ◽  
Priming Task ◽  
Affect Misattribution Procedure ◽  
Indirect Evaluation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Research Efficiency

Indirect evaluation measures are used as a dependent measure to assess the impact of experimental interventions on shifting pre-existing attitudes or creating new attitudes. In four experiments (total N = 13,894), we compared the sensitivity of four indirect evaluation measures to evaluative information about two novel targets. Evaluative sensitivity was strongest for the Implicit Association Test (IAT). Other measures were more similar in their sensitivity, but the pattern, from stronger to the weakest was the Affect Misattribution Procedure (AMP), the Sorting Paired Features (SPF), and then Evaluative Priming task (EPT). To the extent that these findings are generalizable to related research applications, these results suggest that the measures differ in their research efficiency (power). For example, to achieve 80% power to detect the evaluative learning effect in the present studies, direct self-report would require 10 participants, the IAT 28 participants, the AMP 57, the SPF 79, and the EPT 131.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document