Intracranial Tumour Characterization: Whole Brain Evaluation with MR Perfusion Images and SPECT-CT

2011 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 838-845
Author(s):  
I. Aprile ◽  
S. Bencivenga ◽  
F. Loreti ◽  
C. Torni
Keyword(s):  
Brain Tumour ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Normal Brain ◽  
Intracranial Tumour ◽  
Neoplastic Tissue ◽  
Perfusion Mr ◽  
Grade Ii

A comparative study between perfusion magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and single photon emission tomography - computed tomography (SPECT-CT) was performed to disclose the indications and limits of the two techniques for brain tumour characterization. We compared these two techniques because they evaluate the entire brain and often a brain tumour can be too large to be studied entirely with MR spectroscopy. Forty-three patients with 56 lesions were studied with both techniques. The sensitivity in identifying neoplastic tissue was achieved. We did not evaluate the diagnostic sensitivity to differentiate high grade from low-grade tumours because the features of grade II astrocytomas with SPECT-methoxyisobutylisonitrile (SPECT-MIBI) are similar to those of normal brain tissue. Another question that advanced diagnostic techniques can solve is real glioma extension, but we did not consider also this aspect due to the low SPECT-MIBI spatial resolution. In 29 (29/56) cases both techniques accurately identified the presence of neoplastic tissue. Only SPECT-CT was positive in eight cases, whereas perfusion MR was falsely negative. Only perfusion MR identified tumoral tissue in four cases and SPECT-CT not. Finally both perfusion MR and SPECT-CT failed to identify neoplastic tissue in 15 cases out of 56. In most cases the diagnostic gain of both techniques was the same. One technique was superior to the other in only in a few cases. We conclude that, if available, both techniques can be used to study suspected brain tumours to better characterize the lesion.

scholarly journals Polymeric micelles and molecular modeling applied to the development of radiopharmaceuticals

2012 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sibila Roberta Marques Grallert ◽  
Carlota de Oliveira Rangel-Yagui ◽  
Kerly Fernanda Mesquita Pasqualoto ◽  
Leoberto Costa Tavares
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Modeling ◽  
Rational Design ◽  
Polymeric Micelles ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Disease Process ◽  
Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
Emission Computed Tomography ◽  
Amphiphilic Copolymers ◽  
Design Strategies

Micelles composed of amphiphilic copolymers linked to a radioactive element are used in nuclear medicine predominantly as a diagnostic application. A relevant advantage of polymeric micelles in aqueous solution is their resulting particle size, which can vary from 10 to 100 nm in diameter. In this review, polymeric micelles labeled with radioisotopes including technetium (99mTc) and indium (111In), and their clinical applications for several diagnostic techniques, such as single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), gamma-scintigraphy, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), were discussed. Also, micelle use primarily for the diagnosis of lymphatic ducts and sentinel lymph nodes received special attention. Notably, the employment of these diagnostic techniques can be considered a significant tool for functionally exploring body systems as well as investigating molecular pathways involved in the disease process. The use of molecular modeling methodologies and computer-aided drug design strategies can also yield valuable information for the rational design and development of novel radiopharmaceuticals.

scholarly journals Determination of SOX9 Gene Expression In Brain Tumours Among East Coast Malaysia Population

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Dzali NB ◽  
Wan Taib WR ◽  
Zahary MN ◽  
Abu Bakar NH ◽  
Abd Latif AZ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Tissue ◽  
Brain Tumour ◽  
Brain Tumours ◽  
East Coast ◽  
Rna Extraction ◽  
Slight Modification ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Normal Brain ◽  
Sox9 Expression ◽  
Sox9 Gene

Introduction: SOX9, a members of SOX family, plays a significant roles in developmental processes during embryogenesis, including brain tissue. Few studies have shown that SOX9 has been involved in tumourigenesis of several types of cancer including brain tumour. However, such studies are still lacking in the Malaysian population. The aim of this study was to determine SOX9 expression level in several types of brain tumours in East Coast Malaysia. Materials and Methods: Five formalin-fixed pariffin-embedded brain tumour samples of Malay descendants were sectioned by using microtome. RNA extraction was performed with slight modification by adding Trizol during tissue lysis. The RNA was converted to cDNA using reverse transcription technique before SOX9 expression was detected using RT q-PCR assay in brain tumours normalized to non-neoplastic brain tissues. Results: Overall results displayed that SOX9 gene in all samples were up-regulated. SOX9 overexpression was found in both high and low grade glioma (anaplastic and pilocytic astrocytoma respectively). This is consistence with both low grade (benign) and atypical meningioma. Secondary brain tumour also showed up-regulation when compared to normal brain tissue. Conclusion: Up-regulation in SOX9 expression in selected brain tumours in Malay patients revealed its significant roles in brain tumourigenesis. Functional studies should be carried out to observe the SOX9 functions and mechanism whether they should reflect their diverse roles in Malaysia population.

scholarly journals Quantitative fluorescence in intracranial tumor: implications for ALA-induced PpIX as an intraoperative biomarker

2011 ◽  
Vol 115 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo A. Valdés ◽  
Frederic Leblond ◽  
Anthony Kim ◽  
Brent T. Harris ◽  
Brian C. Wilson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Tissue ◽  
Fluorescence Imaging ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Normal Brain ◽  
Intracranial Tumors ◽  
Neoplastic Tissue ◽  
Fluorescence Measurements ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Quantitative Fluorescence

Object Accurate discrimination between tumor and normal tissue is crucial for optimal tumor resection. Qualitative fluorescence of protoporphyrin IX (PpIX), synthesized endogenously following δ-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) administration, has been used for this purpose in high-grade glioma (HGG). The authors show that diagnostically significant but visually imperceptible concentrations of PpIX can be quantitatively measured in vivo and used to discriminate normal from neoplastic brain tissue across a range of tumor histologies. Methods The authors studied 14 patients with diagnoses of low-grade glioma (LGG), HGG, meningioma, and metastasis under an institutional review board–approved protocol for fluorescence-guided resection. The primary aim of the study was to compare the diagnostic capabilities of a highly sensitive, spectrally resolved quantitative fluorescence approach to conventional fluorescence imaging for detection of neoplastic tissue in vivo. Results A significant difference in the quantitative measurements of PpIX concentration occurred in all tumor groups compared with normal brain tissue. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis of PpIX concentration as a diagnostic variable for detection of neoplastic tissue yielded a classification efficiency of 87% (AUC = 0.95, specificity = 92%, sensitivity = 84%) compared with 66% (AUC = 0.73, specificity = 100%, sensitivity = 47%) for conventional fluorescence imaging (p < 0.0001). More than 81% (57 of 70) of the quantitative fluorescence measurements that were below the threshold of the surgeon's visual perception were classified correctly in an analysis of all tumors. Conclusions These findings are clinically profound because they demonstrate that ALA-induced PpIX is a targeting biomarker for a variety of intracranial tumors beyond HGGs. This study is the first to measure quantitative ALA-induced PpIX concentrations in vivo, and the results have broad implications for guidance during resection of intracranial tumors.

Wnt pathway markers in low-grade and high-grade gliomas

2021 ◽  
Vol 74 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 349-355
Author(s):  
Ádám Nagy ◽  
Márton Tompa ◽  
Zoltán Krabóth ◽  
Ferenc Garzuly ◽  
Alexandra Maráczi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wnt Pathway ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Normal Brain ◽  
Beta Catenin ◽  
Oligodendroglial Tumors ◽  
Molecular Approaches ◽  
Idh1 R132h ◽  
Mutational Status ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Grade Ii

Aberrant activation of the Wnt pathway contributes to differentiation and maintenance of cancer stem cells underlying gliomagenesis. The aim of our research was to determine as to what degrees some Wnt markers are expressed in gliomas of different grades, lineages and molecular subtypes. Nine grade II, 10 grade III and 72 grade IV surgically removed, formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded glioma specimens were included. Mutation status of IDH1 codon 132 was defined by immunohistochemistry and pyrosequencing in all tumors. Grade II and III astrocytic and oligodendroglial tumors were further tested for the expression of p53 and ATRX by immunohistochemistry, and codeletion of 1p19q by fluorescent in situ hybridization. Expression levels of the non-canonical Wnt5a and Fzd2, and the canonical Wnt3a and beta-catenin Wnt pathway markers were determined by immunohistochemistry, and compared between subgroups stratified according to grade, lineage and the presence or absence of IDH1 R132H/C mutations. In the normal brain – grade II-IV glioma comparisons, a gradual increase was observed for the expressions of Wnt5a, Wnt3a, Fzd2 and beta-catenin. In the astroglial and oligodendroglial lineages of grade II and III gliomas, only the Wnt5a expression was significantly higher in the astroglial subgroup. Stratification according to the IDH1 status resulted in a significant increase of the Wnt3 expression in the wild type grade II-IV gliomas. These data extend previous observations and show a correlation of Wnt pathway activity with glioma grade. Further investigations of the Wnt marker expression regulation according to glioma lineage or IDH gene mutational status are in progress by using more exact molecular approaches.

scholarly journals Statistical Parametric Mapping Demonstrates Asymmetric Uptake with Tc-99m ECD and Tc-99m HMPAO SPECT in Normal Brain

2011 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 190-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin H Brinkmann ◽  
David T Jones ◽  
Matt Stead ◽  
Noojan Kazemi ◽  
Terence J O'Brien ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Photon ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Statistical Parametric Mapping ◽  
Emission Computed Tomography ◽  
Normal Brain ◽  
Neurologic Disease ◽  
Parametric Mapping ◽  
Hmpao Spect ◽  
Neurologic Disorders ◽  
History Of

Tc-99m ethyl cysteinate diethylester (ECD) and Tc-99m hexamethyl propylene amine oxime (HMPAO) are commonly used for single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) studies of a variety of neurologic disorders. Although these tracers have been very helpful in diagnosing and guiding treatment of neurologic disease, data describing the distribution and laterality of these tracers in normal resting brain are limited. Advances in quantitative functional imaging have demonstrated the value of using resting studies from control populations as a baseline to account for physiologic fluctuations in cerebral perfusion. Here, we report results from 30 resting Tc-99m ECD SPECT scans and 14 resting Tc-99m HMPAO scans of normal volunteers with no history of neurologic disease. Scans were analyzed with regions of interest and with statistical parametric mapping, with comparisons performed laterally (left vs. right), as well as for age, gender, and handedness. The results show regions of significant asymmetry in the normal controls affecting widespread areas in the cerebral hemispheres, but most marked in superior parietotemporal region and frontal lobes. The results have important implications for the use of normal control SPECT images in the evaluation of patients with neurologic disease.

scholarly journals Ex Vivo Raman Spectrochemical Analysis Using a Handheld Probe Demonstrates High Predictive Capability of Brain Tumour Status

Biosensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danielle Bury ◽  
Camilo Morais ◽  
Katherine Ashton ◽  
Timothy Dawson ◽  
Francis Martin
Keyword(s):  
Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
Brain Tissue ◽  
Brain Tumour ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Brain Tumours ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Normal Brain ◽  
Raman Probe

With brain tumour incidence increasing, there is an urgent need for better diagnostic tools. Intraoperatively, brain tumours are diagnosed using a smear preparation reported by a neuropathologist. These have many limitations, including the time taken for the specimen to reach the pathology department and for results to be communicated to the surgeon. There is also a need to assist with resection rates and identifying infiltrative tumour edges intraoperatively to improve clearance. We present a novel study using a handheld Raman probe in conjunction with gold nanoparticles, to detect primary and metastatic brain tumours from fresh brain tissue sent for intraoperative smear diagnosis. Fresh brain tissue samples sent for intraoperative smear diagnosis were tested using the handheld Raman probe after application of gold nanoparticles. Derived Raman spectra were inputted into forward feature extraction algorithms to build a predictive model for sensitivity and specificity of outcome. These results demonstrate an ability to detect primary from metastatic tumours (especially for normal and low grade lesions), in which accuracy, sensitivity and specificity were respectively equal to 98.6%, 94.4% and 99.5% for normal brain tissue; 96.1%, 92.2% and 97.0% for low grade glial tumours; 90.3%, 89.7% and 90.6% for high grade glial tumours; 94.8%, 63.9% and 97.1% for meningiomas; 95.4%, 79.2% and 98.8% for metastases; and 99.6%, 88.9% and 100% for lymphoma, based on smear samples (κ = 0.87). Similar results were observed when compared to the final formalin-fixed paraffin embedded tissue diagnosis (κ = 0.85). Overall, our results have demonstrated the ability of Raman spectroscopy to match results provided by intraoperative smear diagnosis and raise the possibility of use intraoperatively to aid surgeons by providing faster diagnosis. Moving this technology into theatre will allow it to develop further and thus reach its potential in the clinical arena.

Focal cerebral hyperemia after focal head injury in humans: a benign phenomenon?

1995 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 277-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Damianos E. Sakas ◽  
M. Ross Bullock ◽  
James Patterson ◽  
Donald Hadley ◽  
David J. Wyper ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Head Injury ◽  
Mr Imaging ◽  
Computerized Tomography ◽  
Injury Severity ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Normal Brain ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Fine Print

✓ To assess the relationship between posttraumatic cerebral hyperemia and focal cerebral damage, the authors performed cerebral blood flow mapping studies by single-photon emission computerized tomography (SPECT) in 53 patients within 3 weeks of brain injury. Focal zones of hyperemia were present in 38% of patients. Hyperemia was correlated with clinical features and early computerized tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging performed within 48 hours of the SPECT study and late CT and MR studies at 3 months. The hyperemia was observed primarily in structurally normal brain tissue (both gray and white matter), as revealed by CT and MR imaging, immediately adjacent to intraparenchymal or extracerebral focal lesions; it persisted for up to 10 days, but was never seen within the edematous pericontusional zones. The percentage of patients in the hyperemic group having brief (< 30 minutes) or no loss of consciousness was significantly higher than in the nonhyperemic group (twice as high, p < 0.05). Other clinical parameters were not significantly more common in the hyperemic group. The mortality of patients with focal hyperemia was lower than that of individuals without it, and the outcome of survivors with hyperemia was slightly better than patients without hyperemia. These results differ from the literature, which suggests that global posttraumatic hyperemia is primarily an acute, malignant phenomenon associated with increased intracranial pressure, profound unconsciousness, and poor outcome. The current results agree with more recent studies which show that posttraumatic hyperemia may occur across a wide spectrum of head injury severity and may be associated with favorable outcome.

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