Perspectives of polylactic acid from structure to applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 60-74
Author(s):  
Kalyani Sreekumar ◽  
B Bindhu ◽  
K Veluraja
Keyword(s):  
Polylactic Acid ◽  
Automobile Industry ◽  
Renewable Resources ◽  
Food Packaging ◽  
Renewable Sources ◽  
Packaging Industry ◽  
Tissue Scaffolding ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Hydroxypropionic Acid ◽  
Crucial Part

The demand for an adoption of renewable resources rather than finitely available non renewable sources for industrial purposes are rising, with the growing environmental constraints. Polymers being one of the crucial part of almost all the industries, pioneer in the list of sources needed for various applications. This makes polymers that can be obtained from renewable sources being studied widely and are anticipated to make a revolution in the field of packaging industry, medical field, and automobile industry. Polylactic acid (PLA) is one among such biopolymers, which is an aliphatic polyester derived from lactic acid (2-hydroxypropionic acid), that find wide applications in food packaging industry, tissue scaffolding, and biomedical devices. This paper focuses on an in-depth review on polylactic acid, its structure, and various properties of PLA. The details of different polymer blends/composites based on PLA are also discussed here. The fields of applications, where PLA is being utilized and the future scopes of the polymer are also studied.

scholarly journals Polylactic acid (PLA): Improve it, use it, and dump it faster

BioResources ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 2196-2199
Author(s):  
Narongrit Sombatsompop ◽  
Panupong Srimalanon ◽  
Teerasak Markpin ◽  
Benjaphorn Prapagdee
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Polylactic Acid ◽  
Renewable Resources ◽  
Food Packaging ◽  
Antibacterial Agents ◽  
It Use ◽  
The World ◽  
Single Use ◽  
Alternative Approaches

Today, many people enjoy an easy lifestyle. However, this comfort has come with a price because of plastic that is thrown away after a single use. As such, governments around the world have pushed for biodegradable plastics to be produced, especially for food packaging, and these can be easily seen in supermarkets, for example. Using plastic for only one time has resulted in environmental pollution. To solve this problem, polylactic acid (PLA) has been introduced as an alternative bio-based plastic to replace artificial petroleum-based plastics. PLA comes from renewable resources and is biodegradable under certain conditions. Furthermore, the development of the properties of PLA could solve problems related to its weakness in packaging applications. This editorial proposes expansion of the property attributes of PLA to include hygienic character, through the addition of antibacterial agents. This can be done by introducing two alternative approaches for waste management: PLA recycling and degradation. However, some key research is still needed to improve the properties and waste management of PLA relative to the effectiveness of its reprocessing and acceleration of its (bio)degradation.

Biodegradable polylactic acid (PLA)

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
James Goodsel ◽  
Samy Madbouly
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Polylactic Acid ◽  
Food Packaging ◽  
Oily Wastewater ◽  
Biodegradable Material ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
The Common ◽  
Packaging Industry ◽  
Processing Techniques

Abstract Polylactic acid (PLA) is a biodegradable material that can be processed using the common processing techniques, such as injection molding, extrusion, and blow molding. PLA has widely been researched and tested due to its biodegradable nature. As a biodegradable material, PLA can be subject to some inherently poor qualities, such as its brittleness, weak mechanical properties, small processing windows, or poor electrical and thermal properties. In order to nullify some of these issues, nanofiller composites have been added to the polymer matrix, such as nanocellulose, nanoclays, carbon nanotubes, and graphene. Dye-clay hybrid nanopigments (DCNP) have been used to explore potential applications in the food packaging industry with promising results. Several different compatibilizers have been studied as well, with the goal of increasing the mechanical properties of blends. A key application for PLA is in wound healing and surgical work, with a few studies described in the present chapter. Finally, the superwettability of dopamine modified PLA is examined, with promising results for separation of oily wastewater.

Quality Management in Food Packaging Industry

2020 ◽  
pp. 250-265
Author(s):  
Ramanpreet Kaur Sapra
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Quality Management ◽  
Food Packaging ◽  
Key Players ◽  
Quality Of Food ◽  
Packaging Industry ◽  
To Come ◽  
Crucial Part ◽  
Cause And Effect Diagram

Food packaging is a crucial part of our current lifestyle. It is important to improve the quality of food packaging from time to time, catering to the needs of modern consumers. Despite huge technical advancements, the food packaging sector is still facing several problems and challenges which need to be addressed, to facilitate better packaging. The purpose of this chapter is to enhance the quality of food packaging and to come up with more innovative ideas and methods based on various tools of quality. Various approaches based on new (N7) and basic (B7) tools of quality namely cause and effect diagram, inter-relationship diagram, and affinity diagram have been applied to understand and eliminate the root causes of the various problems being faced by the key supply chain players in the food packaging industry. The results of the study show that the problem does not lie in the methods or techniques applied but in perspective and inclination of the management and key players of the food packaging supply chain towards the quality.

scholarly journals Green Bio Composites for Food Packaging

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2S4) ◽  
pp. 450-459 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Resources ◽  
Food Packaging ◽  
Natural Fibers ◽  
Barrier Properties ◽  
Synthetic Polymers ◽  
Synthetic Compound ◽  
Reinforcing Fibers ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Packaging Industry ◽  
Manufacturing Techniques

Petroleum-based synthetic polymers are mostly used for packaging materials for their advantageous features such as flexibility, lightness and transparency. However, the waste caused by the increasing usage has led to serious environmental impacts. There are many packaging products claimed as ‘green’ material in the market but, they are not fully from natural renewable resources. Most biocomposites materials comprised only either the matrix or fiber/filler from natural renewable resources, but still blended with another synthetic compound. Thus, green biocomposites which composed of fully biodegradable natural fibers and biopolymer matrix would be a great alternative. It can be naturally degraded and completely return to the environment safely after usage. The main shortcomings of biopolymer are their inadequate of mechanical and barrier properties in product application. Yet, the embedding reinforcing fibers or fillers would help in improving the final properties of the composites. The intention of this review is to present the latest development of green biocomposites research and its application for food packaging. It is also proposed to provide critical information that covers around properties of green biocomposites, types of available biopolymers and natural fibers, including their manufacturing techniques. Furthermore, the economic circumstances and forthcoming trend of these materials in food packaging industry would also be reviewed

Using watermark visibility measurements to select an optimized pair of spot colors for use in a binary watermark

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (15) ◽  
pp. 197-1-197-7
Author(s):  
Alastair Reed ◽  
Vlado Kitanovski ◽  
Kristyn Falkenstern ◽  
Marius Pedersen
Keyword(s):  
Food Packaging ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Human Observer ◽  
Viewing Distance ◽  
Point Of Sale ◽  
Complementary Color ◽  
Low Visibility ◽  
Packaging Industry ◽  
Spot Color ◽  
Selection Of

Spot colors are widely used in the food packaging industry. We wish to add a watermark signal within a spot color that is readable by a Point Of Sale (POS) barcode scanner which typically has red illumination. Some spot colors such as blue, black and green reflect very little red light and are difficult to modulate with a watermark at low visibility to a human observer. The visibility measurements that have been made with the Digimarc watermark enables the selection of a complementary color to the base color which can be detected by a POS barcode scanner but is imperceptible at normal viewing distance.

scholarly journals Paperboard Coating Detection Based on Full-Stokes Imaging Polarimetry

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 208
Author(s):  
Javier Brugés Martelo ◽  
Jan Lundgren ◽  
Mattias Andersson
Keyword(s):  
Food Packaging ◽  
Imaging Systems ◽  
Gaussian Kernel ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Camera System ◽  
Distance Correlation ◽  
Imaging Polarimetry ◽  
Packaging Industry ◽  
Thickness Variations

The manufacturing of high-quality extruded low-density polyethylene (PE) paperboard intended for the food packaging industry relies on manual, intrusive, and destructive off-line inspection by the process operators to assess the overall quality and functionality of the product. Defects such as cracks, pinholes, and local thickness variations in the coating can occur at any location in the reel, affecting the sealable property of the product. To detect these defects locally, imaging systems must discriminate between the substrate and the coating. We propose an active full-Stokes imaging polarimetry for the classification of the PE-coated paperboard and its substrate (before applying the PE coating) from industrially manufactured samples. The optical system is based on vertically polarized illumination and a novel full-Stokes imaging polarimetry camera system. From the various parameters obtained by polarimetry measurements, we propose implementing feature selection based on the distance correlation statistical method and, subsequently, the implementation of a support vector machine algorithm that uses a nonlinear Gaussian kernel function. Our implementation achieves 99.74% classification accuracy. An imaging polarimetry system with high spatial resolution and pixel-wise metrological characteristics to provide polarization information, capable of material classification, can be used for in-process control of manufacturing coated paperboard.

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