Biodegradable polylactic acid (PLA)

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
James Goodsel ◽  
Samy Madbouly
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Polylactic Acid ◽  
Food Packaging ◽  
Oily Wastewater ◽  
Biodegradable Material ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
The Common ◽  
Packaging Industry ◽  
Processing Techniques

Abstract Polylactic acid (PLA) is a biodegradable material that can be processed using the common processing techniques, such as injection molding, extrusion, and blow molding. PLA has widely been researched and tested due to its biodegradable nature. As a biodegradable material, PLA can be subject to some inherently poor qualities, such as its brittleness, weak mechanical properties, small processing windows, or poor electrical and thermal properties. In order to nullify some of these issues, nanofiller composites have been added to the polymer matrix, such as nanocellulose, nanoclays, carbon nanotubes, and graphene. Dye-clay hybrid nanopigments (DCNP) have been used to explore potential applications in the food packaging industry with promising results. Several different compatibilizers have been studied as well, with the goal of increasing the mechanical properties of blends. A key application for PLA is in wound healing and surgical work, with a few studies described in the present chapter. Finally, the superwettability of dopamine modified PLA is examined, with promising results for separation of oily wastewater.

Ceramic and Glass Matrix Composites Containing Carbon Nanotubes

2008 ◽  
Vol 606 ◽  
pp. 61-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johann Cho ◽  
Aldo Roberto Boccaccini
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Glass Matrix ◽  
Polymer Matrix Composites ◽  
Matrix Composites ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Comprehensive Comparison ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Glass Matrix Composites ◽  
Processing Techniques

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are promising reinforcing elements for structural composites due to their remarkable mechanical properties. The impressive electrical and thermal properties of this new form of carbon also make CNTs containing composites ideal candidates for multifunctional applications. In the past decade, researchers have investigated CNTs as toughening inclusions to overcome the intrinsic brittleness of ceramics and glasses. Although there are numerous investigations available in the literature, a significant progress has not occurred or it has been rather slow compared to advances in the field of CNT/polymer matrix composites. This paper reviews current trends in research and development efforts on the use of CNTs for fabrication of ceramic and glass matrix composite materials. The review includes a summary of key issues related to the optimisation of CNT-based composites and an overview of investigations dealing with processing techniques developed to optimise dispersion quality, interfaces and density. The mechanical properties of as-produced composites are discussed and a comprehensive comparison of data available for different matrix materials is presented. Finally, the potential applications of the resulting CNT/inorganic matrix composites and the scope for future developments in the field are highlighted.

scholarly journals Fabrication and Characterization of Polylactic Acid Electrospun Scaffolds Modified with Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes and Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticles

Biomimetics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 43
Author(s):  
Athanasios Kotrotsos ◽  
Prokopis Yiallouros ◽  
Vassilis Kostopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Polylactic Acid ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Electrospinning Process ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Multi Walled Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Walled Carbon Nanotubes

The solution electrospinning process (SEP) is a cost-effective technique in which a wide range of polymeric materials can be electrospun. Electrospun materials can also be easily modified during the solution preparation process (prior SEP). Based on this, the aim of the current work is the fabrication and nanomodification of scaffolds using SEP, and the investigation of their porosity and physical and mechanical properties. In this study, polylactic acid (PLA) was selected for scaffold fabrication, and further modified with multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and hydroxyapatite (HAP) nanoparticles. After fabrication, porosity calculation and physical and mechanical characterization for all scaffold types were conducted. More precisely, the morphology of the fibers (in terms of fiber diameter), the surface properties (in terms of contact angle) and the mechanical properties under the tensile mode of the fabricated scaffolds have been investigated and further compared against pristine PLA scaffolds (without nanofillers). Finally, the scaffold with the optimal properties was proposed as the candidate material for potential future cell culturing.

scholarly journals Chitosan Composites in Packaging Industry—Current Trends and Future Challenges

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor G. L. Souza ◽  
João R. A. Pires ◽  
Carolina Rodrigues ◽  
Isabel M. Coelhoso ◽  
Ana Luísa Fernando
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Water Vapor ◽  
Food Packaging ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Edible Coatings ◽  
Thermal And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Lower Performance ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Future Challenges ◽  
Packaging Industry

Chitosan-based composites play an important role in food packaging applications and can be used either as films or as edible coatings. Due to their high costs and lower performance (i.e., lower barrier against water vapor, thermal, and mechanical properties) when compared to the traditional petroleum-based plastics, the use of such biopolymers in large-scale is still limited. Several approaches of chitosan composites in the packaging industry are emerging to overcome some of the disadvantages of pristine polymers. Thus, this work intends to present the current trends and the future challenges towards production and application of chitosan composites in the food packaging industry.

Improvement in Food Packaging Industry with Biobased Nanocomposites

2007 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahra Akbari ◽  
Talat Ghomashchi ◽  
Shahin Moghadam
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Food Packaging ◽  
Gas Permeability ◽  
Edible Films ◽  
Edible Film ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
General Review ◽  
Flexible Packaging ◽  
Packaging Industry ◽  
New Challenges

Nanotechnology will become one of the most powerful forces for innovation in the food packaging industry. One such innovation is biobased nanocomposite technology, which holds the key to future advances in flexible packaging. Biobased nanocomposites are produced from incorporation of nanoclay into biopolymers (or Edible films). Advantages of biobased nanocomposites are numerous and possibilities for application in the packaging industry are endless. A comprehensive review of biobased nanocomposite applications in food packaging industry should be necessary because nanotechnology is changing rapidly and the food packaging industry is facing new challenges. This provides a general review of previous works. Many of the works reported in the literature are focused on the production and the mechanical properties of the biobased nanocomposites. Little attention has been paid to gas permeability of biobased nanocomposites. In regard to extensive research on Edible film, this article suggests investigating the replacement of biobased nanocomposites instead of Edible films in different areas of food packaging.

Conductive Rubber Nanocomposites as Tensile and Pressure Sensors

2012 ◽  
Vol 217-219 ◽  
pp. 130-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
You Hong Tang ◽  
Nikolai Witt ◽  
Lin Ye
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Pressure Sensors ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Milling Method ◽  
Rubber Nanocomposites ◽  
Conductive Silicone Rubber ◽  
Very High

A conductive silicone rubber (SR) composite, filled with both carbon nanotubes (CNT) and carbon black (CB) is prepared by a simple ball milling method. Because of the good dispersion and synergistic effects of CNT and CB, the SR composite shows improvement in mechanical properties. As well, due to the assembly of conductive pathways generated by the CNT and CB, the nanocomposite becomes highly conductive at a comparatively low concentration, with very high sensitivity for tensile and compressive stress. These outstanding properties show that the SR composite has potential applications in tensile and pressure sensors.

scholarly journals Carbon Nanotube and Graphene Based Polyamide Electrospun Nanocomposites: A Review

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabiola Navarro-Pardo ◽  
Ana L. Martinez-Hernandez ◽  
Carlos Velasco-Santos
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Carbon Nanotube ◽  
Research Groups ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Versatile Technique

Electrospinning is a unique and versatile technique to produce nanofibres; the facility to incorporate fillers has expanded its range of applications. This review gives a brief description of the process and the different polymers employed for obtaining nanofibres. Owing to the ability of fibrillation of polyamides, these polymers have resulted in a wide variety of interesting results obtained when using this technique; therefore these features are summarised. Additionally, because of the feasibility of incorporating carbon nanotubes and graphene in these nanofibres and the growing interest on these nanomaterials, this review focuses in the most common methods employed for their incorporation in electrospun polyamides. Several equipment setups used for the electrospinning of the nanofibres are explained. The outstanding electrical, optical, crystallinity, and mechanical properties obtained by a number of research groups are discussed. The potential applications of the resulting nanocomposites have also been explored.

scholarly journals Functionality of Cellulose Nanofiber as Bio-Based Nucleating Agent and Nano-Reinforcement Material to Enhance Crystallization and Mechanical Properties of Polylactic Acid Nanocomposite

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 389
Author(s):  
Siti Shazra Shazleen ◽  
Tengku Arisyah Tengku Yasim-Anuar ◽  
Nor Azowa Ibrahim ◽  
Mohd Ali Hassan ◽  
Hidayah Ariffin
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Polylactic Acid ◽  
Cellulose Nanofibers ◽  
Crystallization Rate ◽  
Nucleating Agent ◽  
Melt Processing ◽  
Dual Function ◽  
Biodegradable Material ◽  
Reinforcement Material ◽  
Single Use

Polylactic acid (PLA), a potential alternative material for single use plastics, generally portrays a slow crystallization rate during melt-processing. The use of a nanomaterial such as cellulose nanofibers (CNF) may affect the crystallization rate by acting as a nucleating agent. CNF at a certain wt.% has been evidenced as a good reinforcement material for PLA; nevertheless, there is a lack of information on the correlation between the amount of CNF in PLA that promotes its functionality as reinforcement material, and its effect on PLA nucleation for improving the crystallization rate. This work investigated the nucleation effect of PLA incorporated with CNF at different fiber loading (1–6 wt.%) through an isothermal and non-isothermal crystallization kinetics study using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis. Mechanical properties of the PLA/CNF nanocomposites were also investigated. PLA/CNF3 exhibited the highest crystallization onset temperature and enthalpy among all the PLA/CNF nanocomposites. PLA/CNF3 also had the highest crystallinity of 44.2% with an almost 95% increment compared to neat PLA. The highest crystallization rate of 0.716 min–1 was achieved when PLA/CNF3 was isothermally melt crystallized at 100 °C. The crystallization rate was 65-fold higher as compared to the neat PLA (0.011 min–1). At CNF content higher than 3 wt.%, the crystallization rate decreased, suggesting the occurrence of agglomeration at higher CNF loading as evidenced by the FESEM micrographs. In contrast to the tensile properties, the highest tensile strength and Young’s modulus were recorded by PLA/CNF4 at 76.1 MPa and 3.3 GPa, respectively. These values were, however, not much different compared to PLA/CNF3 (74.1 MPa and 3.3 GPa), suggesting that CNF at 3 wt.% can be used to improve both the crystallization rate and the mechanical properties. Results obtained from this study revealed the dual function of CNF in PLA nanocomposite, namely as nucleating agent and reinforcement material. Being an organic and biodegradable material, CNF has an increased advantage for use in PLA as compared to non-biodegradable material and is foreseen to enhance the potential use of PLA in single use plastics applications.

Porous and Foamed Amorphous Metals

MRS Bulletin ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 32 (8) ◽  
pp. 639-643 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan H. Brothers ◽  
David C. Dunand
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Shear Band ◽  
Energy Absorption ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
The State ◽  
Amorphous Metals ◽  
Plastic Bending ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Processing Techniques

AbstractThis article reviews the state of the art in the field of porous amorphous metals by describing current processing techniques, mechanical properties, and potential applications. In addition to the reduction in density, the main benefit of introducing porosity in amorphous metals is the improvement in compressive ductility and energy absorption. This ductilizing effect is explained by: (1) shear-band interruption by individual pores at low porosities and (2) stable plastic bending of thin struts at higher porosities, with cellular amorphous metals displaying compressive ductilities of up to 80%.

Effect of Calcium Phosphate on Tensile and Rheological Properties of Polylactic Acid (PLA)

2019 ◽  
Vol 969 ◽  
pp. 404-408
Author(s):  
Govind Sahu ◽  
M.S. Rajput ◽  
S.P. Mahapatra
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Polylactic Acid ◽  
Ring Opening ◽  
Food Packaging ◽  
Biomedical Application ◽  
Ring Opening Polymerization ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
Melt Mixing ◽  
Biodegradable Composites

From the last few decades, biodegradable composites have become best alternatives over the petro based polymer because these degrade in the simple compound in the natural environments. Among the available biodegradable polymers, polylactic acid (PLA) is more popular due to its biocompatibility and mechanical properties, that can be used in the biomedical application, such as sutures, bone and ligament fixation screws etc. In this study, synthesis of PLA was performed by ring opening polymerization and Calcium phosphate/Polylactic acid (PLA) bio-composites were prepared by melt mixing technique. Tensile properties of these composites are investigated to assess its feasibility in biomedical and food packaging application.

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