Injectable scaffold materials differ in their cell instructive effects on primary human myoblasts

Scaffolds are materials used for delivery of cells for regeneration of tissues. They support three-dimensional organization and improve cell survival. For the repair of small skeletal muscles, injections of small volumes of cells are attractive, and injectable scaffolds for delivery of cells offer a minimally invasive technique. In this study, we examined in vitro the cell instructive effects of three types of injectable scaffolds, fibrin, alginate, and poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)-based microparticles on primary human myoblasts. The myoblast morphology and progression in the myogenic program differed, depending on the type of scaffold material. In alginate gel, the cells obtained a round morphology, they ceased to proliferate, and entered quiescence. In the fibrin gels, differentiation was promoted, and myotubes were observed within a few days in culture, while poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)-based microparticles supported prolonged proliferation. Myoblasts released from the alginate and fibrin gels were studied, and cells released from these scaffolds had retained the ability to proliferate and differentiate. Thus, the study shows that human myogenic cells combined with injectable scaffold materials are guided into different states depending on the choice of scaffold. This opens for in vivo experiments, including testing of the significance of the cell state on regeneration potential of primary human myoblasts.

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The Challenging Melanoma Landscape: From Early Drug Discovery to Clinical Approval

Cells ◽

10.3390/cells10113088 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (11) ◽

pp. 3088

Author(s):

Mariana Matias ◽

Jacinta O. Pinho ◽

Maria João Penetra ◽

Gonçalo Campos ◽

Catarina Pinto Reis ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Therapeutic Potential ◽

Drug Evaluation ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Experimental Models ◽

In Vivo Studies ◽

Murine Models ◽

In Vivo Experiments ◽

Novel Therapeutic Strategies

Melanoma is recognized as the most dangerous type of skin cancer, with high mortality and resistance to currently used treatments. To overcome the limitations of the available therapeutic options, the discovery and development of new, more effective, and safer therapies is required. In this review, the different research steps involved in the process of antimelanoma drug evaluation and selection are explored, including information regarding in silico, in vitro, and in vivo experiments, as well as clinical trial phases. Details are given about the most used cell lines and assays to perform both two- and three-dimensional in vitro screening of drug candidates towards melanoma. For in vivo studies, murine models are, undoubtedly, the most widely used for assessing the therapeutic potential of new compounds and to study the underlying mechanisms of action. Here, the main melanoma murine models are described as well as other animal species. A section is dedicated to ongoing clinical studies, demonstrating the wide interest and successful efforts devoted to melanoma therapy, in particular at advanced stages of the disease, and a final section includes some considerations regarding approval for marketing by regulatory agencies. Overall, considerable commitment is being directed to the continuous development of optimized experimental models, important for the understanding of melanoma biology and for the evaluation and validation of novel therapeutic strategies.

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3D Reconstruction of HvRNASET2 Molecule to Understand Its Antibacterial Role

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms21249722 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (24) ◽

pp. 9722

Author(s):

Nicolò Baranzini ◽

Laura Pulze ◽

Marcella Reguzzoni ◽

Rossella Roncoroni ◽

Viviana Teresa Orlandi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Light Transmission ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Lipoteichoic Acid ◽

Type I ◽

Phagocytic Cells ◽

In Vivo Experiments ◽

Macrophage Phagocytosis ◽

Bacterial Aggregates

Recent studies performed on the invertebrate model Hirudo verbana (medicinal leech) suggest that the T2 ribonucleic enzyme HvRNASET2 modulates the leech’s innate immune response, promoting microbial agglutination and supporting phagocytic cells recruitment in challenged tissues. Indeed, following injection of both lipoteichoic acid (LTA) and Staphylococcus aureus in the leech body wall, HvRNASET2 is expressed by leech type I granulocytes and induces bacterial aggregation to aid macrophage phagocytosis. Here, we investigate the HvRNASET2 antimicrobial role, in particular assessing the effects on the Gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli. For this purpose, starting from the three-dimensional molecule reconstruction and in silico analyses, the antibacterial activity was evaluated both in vitro and in vivo. The changes induced in treated bacteria, such as agglutination and alteration in wall integrity, were observed by means of light, transmission and scanning electron microscopy. Moreover, immunogold, AMPs (antimicrobial peptides) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) binding assays were carried out to evaluate HvRNASET2 interaction with the microbial envelopes and the ensuing ability to affect microbial viability. Finally, in vivo experiments confirmed that HvRNASET2 promotes a more rapid phagocytosis of bacterial aggregates by macrophages, representing a novel molecule for counteracting pathogen infections and developing alternative solutions to improve human health.

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The interleaved partial active shape model (IPASM) search algorithm – towards 3D ultrasound-based bone surface reconstruction

10.29007/rbgl ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Benjamin Hohlmann ◽

Klaus Radermacher

Keyword(s):

Search Algorithm ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

3D Ultrasound ◽

Three Dimensional Model ◽

In Vivo Experiments ◽

Distal Surface ◽

Cheap Alternative ◽

Orthopedic Applications

Several orthopedic applications require a three-dimensional model of the bone. Ultrasound is a radiation-free and cheap alternative to the state-of-the-art imaging modalities if its limitations in terms of image quality and viewing range can be overcome. This work presents in-vitro as well as in-vivo experiments evaluating the IPASM search, a method for combined segmentation, registration as well as extrapolation. The algorithm is capable to reconstruct the distal surface of a phantom femur with an average surface distance error of roughly 1mm in case of in-vitro as well as below 2mm for in-vivo records, even if the shape varies strongly from the initial model.

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Experimental study of tissue-engineered urethra with collagen / chitosan composite as scaffolds

10.1101/2020.04.30.070284 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Zhai Hongfeng ◽

Qiu Changhong ◽

Jin Jun ◽

Shao Xin

Keyword(s):

New Zealand ◽

Epithelial Cells ◽

Cell Activity ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Volume Ratio ◽

In Vivo Experiments ◽

High Area ◽

Chitosan Composite

AbstractIn this article we investigated the preparation of tissue-engineered urethra by using the urethral epithelial subculture cells of male New Zealand young rabbits. We inoculated the epithelial cells of urinary mucosa of male New Zealand young rabbits on collagen, chitosan and collagen chitosan composite as scaffolds to prepare tissue-engineered urethra. The results of inverted phase contrast microscope, HE staining and scanning electron microscope of three kinds of tissue-engineered urethra were compared. What’s more, we reported a new method for quantitative and rapid detection of epithelial cell activity of urinary mucosa in situ by Interactive Laser Cytometer. The collagen chitosan composite was more similar to the extracellular matrix of mammalian. Its three-dimensional porous structure had a high area volume ratio, which was conducive to cell adhesion, growth and metabolism. In vitro, the urethral epithelial cells had been cultured on collagen chitosan composite, and the tissue-engineered urethra was successfully prepared, which laid a solid foundation for further in vivo experiments.

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Vibration-Assisted Insertion of Flexible Neural Microelectrodes With Bio-Dissolvable Guides for Medical Implantation

Volume 1: Additive Manufacturing; Advanced Materials Manufacturing; Biomanufacturing; Life Cycle Engineering; Manufacturing Equipment and Automation ◽

10.1115/msec2021-63952 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Yi Wang ◽

Yen Yu Ian Shih ◽

Yuan-shin Lee

Keyword(s):

Tissue Damage ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Insertion Technique ◽

Neural Electrode ◽

In Vivo Experiments ◽

Neural Probe ◽

Electrode Insertion ◽

Neural Microelectrodes

Abstract This paper presents vibration-assisted insertion of flexible neural electrodes with bio-dissolvable guides to deliver accurate microprobe insertion with minimized tissue damage. Invasive flexible neural microprobe is an important new tool for neuromodulation and recording research for medical neurology treatment applications. Flexible neural electrode probes are susceptible to bending and buckling during surgical implantation due to the thin and flexible soft substrates. Inspired by insects in nature, a vibration-assisted insertion technique is developed for flexible neural electrode insertion to deliver accurate microprobe insertion with minimized tissue damage. A three-dimensional combined longitudinal-twisting (L&T) vibration is used to reduce the insertion friction force, and thus reducing soft tissue damage. To reduce the flexible microelectrode buckling during surgical insertion, a bio-dissolvable Polyethylene glycol (PEG) guide is developed for the enhancement of flexible neural probe stiffness. Combining these two methods, the insertion performance of the flexible neural probe is significantly improved. Both the in vitro and the in vivo experiments were conducted to validate the proposed techniques.

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Modification of an Injectable Chitosan Scaffold by Blending with NaHCO3 to Improve Cytocompatibility

Polymers and Polymer Composites ◽

10.1177/096739111101900908 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 19 (9) ◽

pp. 781-788 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Zhi Huang ◽

Bo Yu ◽

Qingling Feng ◽

Songjian Li

Keyword(s):

Body Temperature ◽

Room Temperature ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Chitosan Solution ◽

Gel Formation ◽

Injectable Scaffolds ◽

Injectable Scaffold ◽

Porous Hydrogel ◽

Scanning Electron

The chitosan/β-glycerophosphate (C/GP) system, which allows injection at room temperature and gel-formation at body temperature, can be considered as a candidate for injectable scaffolds. To improve the cytocompatiblity of the C/GPhydrogel, we used NaHCO3 as buffer to neutralize chitosan solution and lower the GP concentration from 400 to 135 mM. The chitosan/β-glycerophosphate//NaHCO3 (C/GP/NaHCO3) system was liquid before injection and became a three-dimensional porous hydrogel at body temperature, as revealed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The C/GP/NaHCO3 hydrogels showed higher cytocompatibility with rat bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (rBMSCs) in vitro compared to C/GP hydrogels. Our results indicated that the C/GP/NaHCO3 system was suitable as an injectable scaffold for tissue engineering.

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Injectable scaffold as minimally invasive technique for cartilage tissue engineering: in vitro and in vivo preliminary study

Progress in Biomaterials ◽

10.1007/s40204-014-0031-x ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 3 (2-4) ◽

pp. 143-151 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Atefeh Solouk ◽

Hamid Mirzadeh ◽

Saeed Amanpour

Keyword(s):

Tissue Engineering ◽

Minimally Invasive ◽

Cartilage Tissue Engineering ◽

Minimally Invasive Technique ◽

Cartilage Tissue ◽

Invasive Technique ◽

Injectable Scaffold ◽

Preliminary Study

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Emerging Vascular Applications of Magnetic Resonance Imaging: A Picture is Worth More than a Thousand Words

Vascular ◽

10.2310/6670.2006.00062 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 14 (6) ◽

pp. 366-371 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Tamara N. Fitzgerald ◽

Akihito Muto ◽

Fabio Akimaro Kudo ◽

Jose Mario Pimiento ◽

Robert Todd Constable ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Resonance ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Quantitative Information ◽

Data Set ◽

Vascular Intervention ◽

In Vivo Experiments ◽

Blood Flow Dynamics

Vascular applications of magnetic resonance (MR) imaging are reviewed, with emphasis on algorithms that use nonpictorial information contained in the MR data set. Current clinical vascular practice generally limits use of MR angiography and three-dimensional vessel images to qualitative pictorial rendering without routinely using the available quantitative information contained within the MR data. This review is dedicated to recent advances that include characterization of vessel histology, assessment of carotid plaque vulnerability, characterization of blood flow dynamics, quantitative analysis of disease severity, and prediction of vascular intervention outcome. Examples from histologic preparation, in vitro and in vivo experiments, are discussed, with an emphasis on potential clinical applications and advances in acquisition technology.

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