scholarly journals Bias and discrimination against men with overweight in the military

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 205510292098537
Author(s):  
Andrew Christian ◽  
Bina Parekh ◽  
Gilly Koritzky
Keyword(s):  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Military Personnel ◽  
Weight Bias ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Military Members ◽  
The Military ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Mental And Physical Health ◽  
Bias And Discrimination

Research on weight-bias against men and/or in the military is scarce. Such a bias might cause some military members, who are otherwise fit to perform their duties, to suffer from discrimination and undue stress. We showed military personnel a picture of a soldier who had either normal weight or overweight. In both conditions, the description of the soldier stated that his physical fitness and job-related skills were good. Nonetheless, the soldier’s suitability for promotion was rated lower in the overweight condition. These findings improve our understanding of the impact of bias on the mental and physical health of men with overweight.

The impact of economic crisis on mental and physical health in Italy

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (02) ◽  
pp. 103-110
Author(s):  
S. Tomassi ◽  
M. Ruggeri
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Social Determinants ◽  
Great Recession ◽  
Economic Recession ◽  
Behavioural Disorders ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Mental And Physical Health

Summary Background: The global crisis that began in 2007 has been the most prolonged economic recession since 1929. It has caused worldwide tangible costs in terms of cuts in employment and income, which have been widely recognised also as major social determinants of mental health (1, 2). The so-called “Great Recession” has disproportionately affected the most vulnerable part of society of the whole Eurozone (3). Across Europe, an increase in suicides and deaths rates due to mental and behavioural disorders was reported among those who lost their jobs, houses and economic activities as a consequence of the crisis.

scholarly journals Effects of physical fitness training on metabolic syndrome among military personnel in Taiwan

2021 ◽  
pp. bmjmilitary-2020-001761
Author(s):  
Che-Fu Chang ◽  
Y-C Wu ◽  
C-H Lai ◽  
P-C Chen ◽  
Y-L Guo
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Military Personnel ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Training Programme ◽  
Health Examination ◽  
Running Performance ◽  
Fitness Training ◽  
The Impact

IntroductionMetabolic syndrome (MS) is strongly associated with cardiovascular diseases and diabetes but can be prevented with regular physical activity. This study aimed to assess the impact of a physical fitness training programme on MS among military personnel.MethodsThis retrospective observational study included volunteer army soldiers who underwent annual health examinations between 2011 and 2014. In 2011, the reformed physical fitness training programme and physical fitness test were introduced to the participants. MS evaluation and physical fitness performances were evaluated before and after implementing the training programme using a mixed-effects model and generalised estimating equation, adjusted for sex, age and smoking.ResultsFrom 2011 to 2014, 1720 soldiers underwent the annual health examination. In 2011, before the fitness programme, 246 soldiers (14.3%) had MS. After implementation, decreases in blood pressure and fasting glucose levels were observed and maintained for 3 years. Running performance was negatively correlated to triglycerides (ß=−11.37; p<0.001) and waist circumference (ß=−0.42; p<0.001) and positively correlated to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels (ß=2.14; p<0.001). The severity of MS was reduced following introduction of the physical fitness programme.ConclusionsMS and its components improved after introducing the reformed fitness programme, with running performance proving to be most relevant to MS. Clinicians should encourage increased physical activity to prevent MS among military personnel.

The impact of child maltreatment on the mental and physical health of child victims: a review of the evidence

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Eileen Vizard ◽  
Jenny Gray ◽  
Arnon Bentovim
Keyword(s):  
Child Maltreatment ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Child Victims ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Children And Young People ◽  
Genital Mutilation ◽  
Health And Development ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Mental And Physical Health ◽  
Female Genital

SUMMARY This article gives a general overview of the current situation in relation to a range of widely recognised and also newly identified types of child maltreatment. The academic and clinical evidence relating to the impact of child maltreatment on the mental and physical health of child victims is substantial and steadily increasing in volume. New types of abuse are being identified, and changing environmental circumstances, which exacerbate the possibility of widely recognised types of child maltreatment occurring, are also being described. These include multi-type maltreatment, female genital mutilation and online child maltreatment. Serious questions may arise regarding neglect of the moral and social development of children and young people who become addicted to online gaming and pornography. Multiple national and local definitions of each of these existing and new forms of maltreatment have been created, some of which are covered here. The impact of these abuses on the physical and mental health and development of child victims in families or settings where abuse or neglect has occurred is discussed.

Psychological Distress in Iranian Military Personnel: A Qualitative Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Azizeh Alizadeh1 ◽  
Behnaz Dowran ◽  
maryam azizi ◽  
Seyed -Hossein Salimi
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Military Personnel ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Military Organization ◽  
Military Members ◽  
Data Saturation ◽  
The Military

Abstract Background: Military personnel are likely to encounter mental health problems due to High-risk occupations associated with significant levels of psychological distress. The aim of the present study was to explore psychological distress experienced by Iranian military personnel. Methods: The present qualitative study was conducted on 15 Iranian military personnel. Purposeful sampling was used to select the participants and continued until data saturation was reached. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews and then the qualitative data were analyzed through direct content analysis. Results: By analyzing show 395 primary codes, 2 main categories, including demands and resources were extracted from the experiences of military members. The categories included several sub-categories, which were classified according to their significant characteristics. Findings of this study ascertain that different factors affect the military member’s psychological distress.Conclusions: Military organization and leaders should consider the factors of psychological distress that raised by specialists, and assign policies to improve their mental health. According to the present results, it is recommended that the process of psychological distress in military members be investigated further.

scholarly journals A rapid review of mental and physical health effects of working at home: how do we optimise health?

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jodi Oakman ◽  
Natasha Kinsman ◽  
Rwth Stuckey ◽  
Melissa Graham ◽  
Victoria Weale
Keyword(s):  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Selection Criteria ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Rapid Review ◽  
Foreseeable Future ◽  
Working At Home ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Mental And Physical Health ◽  
At Home

Abstract Background The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has resulted in changes to the working arrangements of millions of employees who are now based at home and may continue to work at home, in some capacity, for the foreseeable future. Decisions on how to promote employees’ health whilst working at home (WAH) need to be based on the best available evidence to optimise worker outcomes. The aim of this rapid review was to review the impact of WAH on individual workers’ mental and physical health, and determine any gender difference, to develop recommendations for employers and employees to optimise workers’ health. Method A search was undertaken in three databases, PsychInfo, ProQuest, and Web of Science, from 2007 to May 2020. Selection criteria included studies which involved employees who regularly worked at home, and specifically reported on physical or mental health-related outcomes. Two review authors independently screened studies for inclusion, one author extracted data and conducted risk of bias assessments with review by a second author. Results Twenty-three papers meet the selection criteria for this review. Ten health outcomes were reported: pain, self-reported health, safety, well-being, stress, depression, fatigue, quality of life, strain and happiness. The impact on health outcomes was strongly influenced by the degree of organisational support available to employees, colleague support, social connectedness (outside of work), and levels of work to family conflict. Overall, women were less likely to experience improved health outcomes when WAH. Conclusions This review identified several health outcomes affected by WAH. The health/work relationship is complex and requires consideration of broader system factors to optimise the effects of WAH on workers’ health. It is likely mandated WAH will continue to some degree for the foreseeable future; organisations will need to implement formalised WAH policies that consider work-home boundary management support, role clarity, workload, performance indicators, technical support, facilitation of co-worker networking, and training for managers.

The Impact of Paid Maternity Leave on the Mental and Physical Health of Mothers and Children

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-126
Author(s):  
Maureen Sayres Van Niel ◽  
Richa Bhatia ◽  
Nicholas S. Riano ◽  
Ludmila de Faria ◽  
Lisa Catapano-Friedman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Health ◽  
Maternity Leave ◽  
Mothers And Children ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Mental And Physical Health

“Who Are You Going to Tell? Who’s Going to Believe You?”

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 414-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina M. Dardis ◽  
Kristen M. Reinhardt ◽  
Melissa M. Foynes ◽  
Nina E. Medoff ◽  
Amy E. Street
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Military Personnel ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Women Veterans ◽  
Military Sexual Trauma ◽  
Directed Content Analysis ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
The Military ◽  
The Impact

Researchers have identified disclosure as an important part of sexual assault recovery among civilian survivors. However, few researchers have examined the process of military sexual trauma (MST) disclosure, including the barriers and facilitators, positive and negative reactions from disclosure recipients, and positive and negative impacts of disclosure on survivors. Twenty-three women veteran MST survivors completed semi-structured qualitative interviews that assessed disclosure experiences; responses were coded using directed content analysis. Among the 20 women veterans who disclosed MST (87%), most volunteered information that they had disclosed to informal (74%, n = 17), military (70%, n = 16), and medical sources (52%, n = 12). Among women who reported that they disclosed MST to military personnel, all reported at least one negative reaction to the disclosure, including 50% ( n = 8) who reported perceived retaliation for disclosure. Women who reported they disclosed to military personnel identified some barriers (e.g., feared consequences) that women who disclosed to non-military personnel did not. We suggest that the responses of recipients to disclosure may contribute to the impact on participants, including dissatisfaction and disillusionment with the military. We discuss unique aspects of the military context that may contribute to negative reactions. Practitioners can use this information to increase empathy and understanding of the complexity of disclosure and to help survivors process and contextualize these experiences during therapy. Additional online materials for this article are available on PWQ’s website at http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/suppl/10.1177/0361684318796783

Leader–member exchange and employee health: an exploration of explanatory mechanisms

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 699-711 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Gregory ◽  
Talai Osmonbekov
Keyword(s):  
Physical Health ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Employee Health ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Health Empowerment ◽  
Member Exchange ◽  
Survey Responses ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Mental And Physical Health

Purpose The impact of employee health on organizations, individual employees and society as a whole is vast. The purpose of this paper is to explore the relationship between leadership–member exchange (LMX) and employee mental and physical health. Additionally, two variables with strong empirical and theoretical ties to employee health (empowerment and stress) are explored as potential mediators. Design/methodology/approach Survey responses from 182 employees across two organizations were collected to measure study variables. Structural equation modeling techniques were used to analyze data and test hypotheses. Findings An association between LMX and employee health was found to be fully mediated by both empowerment and stress. Originality/value These findings contribute to the literature by providing evidence of the association between leadership and both the mental and physical health of employees. This phenomenon highlights the significant impact that leaders have on subordinates both at work and in their general lives outside of the workplace. Understanding the mediating pathways through which leadership comes to impact employee health creates new knowledge regarding the manner in which constructs as disparate as leadership and employee health come to form an association.

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