The Improvement of Health Behavior: Collaboration among Health Information Access, Health Literacy and Health Empowerment Variable

Health is an important factor affecting the development of a country. Everyone is aware of the importance of health for their productivity. However, the fact is that there are still many people who show unhealthy behaviors. There are several health problem in Indonesia. It is related to accessibility, capability, capacity and affordability. This study intends to look at and explain first, the influence of health information access to health literacy and health empowerment, second, the effect of health information access to health behaviour through health empowerment and health literacy as the mediation variables. The study was conducted in Blitar City Government, which is separated into three areas of administrative sub district. The sample used in this study amounted to 278 respondents. The length of time for this research is 6 month, November 2019-April 2020. Data analysis method used in this research is inferential statistical analysis using the structural equation modeling (SEM) GeSCA. The path coefficient of health information access to health empowerment of 0.382 stated that the level of health information access has a positive and significant effect on health empowerment. The path coefficient of health information access to health literacy of 0.093 stated that the health information access has a positive and significant effect on health literacy. Meanwhile, The path coefficient of health information access to health behaviour is -0.059. It stated that health information access has no significant effect on health behaviour. But, the effect becomes significant effect with the presence of health literacy and health empowerment as a mediating variable.

The Effectiveness of Android-Based Mobile Applications Authorized Early Detection on User Satisfaction (Parents, Health Empowerment, Teacher)

The 4.0 era education system requires the use of technology in pre-school and school activities. This study focuses on comparing the use of androin-based mobile applications for early detection of autism on user satisfaction (parents, health empowerment, teacher). This study was a quasi-experimental study with a post-test only control group design. A total of 30 parents, 30 health empowerment, and 30 educators in the city of Surakarta who were selected by purposive sampling were used as research samples. The samples were classified into two groups, namely by using an android-based mobile application for early detection of autism. User satisfaction data is collected through a user satisfaction questionnaire. Data were analyzed using univariate and bivariate with mann withney in the SPSS program. The results showed the influence of androin-based mobile applications early detection of autism on user satisfaction. The satisfaction of teaching staff users is higher than that of health empowerment and parents.

Evaluation approaches to empowering interventions

Empowerment has been a widespread term since the 1990s and is common in contexts as social work, community development, psychology, medicine, and several other areas of human development and health. Empowerment is a process during which a person, an organization, or a community is enabled to identify themselves, to recognize their own power positions and to improve their unequal social situations (Varga, 2017). The evaluation of empowerment outcomes has been missing from the Hungarian professional literature. This review article focuses on the empowerment of adults through educational theatre and drama, and is based on the analysis of previous research results in the area. Empowerment is a multi-level, context-dependent construct, hence, evaluating empowerment outcomes is challenging. Theorists of empowerment warn against creating a general instrument for measurement (Zimmerman, 1995). I reflect on quantitative, qualitative, and combined evaluation methods, such as the Psychological Empowerment Scale (Akey et al., 2000), the Empowerment Evaluation (Fetterman, 2001), and the Empowerment Measuring Tool (Jupp et al., 2010), also taking Wandersman and associates’ (2005) principles for empowerment evaluation into account.

Intervention Enhancing Medication Adherence in Stroke Patients: An Integrative Review

Objective: This review aimed to systematically identify and analyze randomized controlled trials (RCTs) reported in the literature that were related to interventions targeted at enhancing medication adherence in stroke patients.Materials and Methods: The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) system was applied to present the process flow, including study identification, screening, exclusion, and inclusion. The PubMed electronic database was searched, and the reference lists of relevant studies were reviewed from 2015 until 2020 to identify relevant RCTs.Results: The results identified nine relevant RCTs, which included a medication-taking reminder mobile application (Medisafe), health empowerment interventions, telehealth education, and motivational interviews as the medication adherence enhancement interventions that have been most often used in the past five years. Furthermore, these RCTs mainly aimed to improve patients' medication adherence, physical activity, and clinical outcome, such as blood pressure and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol.Conclusion: This integrative review has implications for the heightened recognition of the necessity for interventions aimed at enhancing patients' adherence to their medication, and that could be applied in clinical practice.

Development and evaluation of the Coronary Artery Disease Empowerment Scale (CADES) in Korea

The study aimed to develop and test the Coronary Artery Disease Empowerment Scale in Korea and assess its initial aspects of validity and reliability. The participants included 301 patients diagnosed with coronary artery disease, receiving regular outpatient and inpatient care. Data were collected from August to December 2019. The exploratory factor analysis resulted in extracting 25 items and three factors—self-determination, emotional self-regulation, and personal competence of disease management perception—with a cumulative explanatory power of 55.40%. A significant correlation was found between the Korean versions of the Cardiac Self-efficacy Scale ( r = .31, p < .001) and the Health Empowerment Scale ( r = .45, p < .001). The internal consistency reliability of all items was .93. The developed instrument can be used to evaluate empowerment in patients with coronary artery disease and identify an improved instrument to measure empowerment. However, further testing of the newly developed Coronary Artery Disease Empowerment Scale is required.

Permanently Repealing the Global Gag Rule Will Internationally Advance Reproductive and Sexual Health

The Global Gag Rule bans foreign nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) that receive U.S. global health assistance funding from providing abortion services and referrals, advocating for abortion rights, or funding other organizations that provide abortion-related services. The rule presents a double bind: if NGOs elect to continue providing abortion-related care, they must forgo U.S. funding, requiring them to roll back services across the board. This reduces access to contraceptives, family planning resources, and maternal and child healthcare. The alternate option is to shut down abortion-related care to retain U.S. funding. Thus, the rule is ineffective in its purpose as it creates barriers to comprehensive sexual and reproductive healthcare, leading to increases in unintended pregnancies, abortions, and newborn and maternal death rates. In addition, restricted funding has negative implications for HIV/AIDS and reproductive cancer screening and treatment. The rule is currently implemented and repealed by each incoming president using executive orders. The United States Congress should pass the Global Health, Empowerment, and Rights Act and repeal the Helms Amendment. This will permanently revoke the Global Gag Rule and reduce unintended pregnancies, abortions, and child and maternal mortality rates across the world.

Educating on Sexuality to Promote Health: Applied Experiences Mainstreaming the Gender and Human Rights Approach

In the articulation between research and health intervention, we see the need to situate comprehensive sexuality education in the triangle formed by the salutogenic approach, the mainstreaming of gender and human rights, and the development of competencies in health promotion. For this purpose, we present a set of investigations carried out in Ecuador and Spain through a qualitative methodology with the respective health interventions that seek to obtain significant results of the teaching–learning process on sexuality. The field work contemplates situations of violence as a health problem, orienting the intervention in health empowerment toward pleasure. The health education experiences implemented allow us to conclude that comprehensive sexuality education reinforces the competencies of health personnel to attend to diversity. These findings, and the results expected in ongoing research, allow us to form a competency framework aimed at specifically improving medical education so that medical professionals can generate health processes with a cross-cutting approach to gender and human rights.